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Nodulation and biomass development of yellow and blue lucerne under pH stress
Get PDFApproximately 77% of global arable land use is devoted to forage cultivation, which is the basis for animal production and global food security. Therefore a sustainable and biologically diverse forage cultivation is needed. Feed for cattle needs to contain a good balance between fibre, energy
and protein. Legumes are important for forage quality and fix their own nitrogen, reducing the need for N-fertilization.
Medicago sativa L. (lucerne) is an agronomically important legume species that is cultivated on over 30 million hectares worldwide. Lucerne fixates N² in symbiosis with bacterial species E.meliloti, which attaches to the root and forms nodules. E. meliloti is acid sensitive and at pH<6
nodulation is reduced. This leads to decreased biomass production and quality.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pH tolerance of two lucerne subspecies; Blue lucerne (BL) and yellow lucerne (YL). The hypotheses were 1) YL will be more tolerant than BL against low pH, but BL will produce more biomass than YL in high pH conditions; 2) A low pH will decrease the nodulation formation and quality for BL and YL; and 3) A low pH will decrease biomass quantity for BL and YL.
A mineral soil with different rates of lime was used to create six treatments with pH 5.7-6.5. 60 pots containing YL and BL cultivars inoculated with Nitragin Gold, a commercial E. meliloti mix were placed in a randomized block design in a greenhouse chamber. After 75-81 days the pots were harvested. Non-destructive measurements were made during growth and destructive measurements were made at harvest. The significance of four factors; cultivar, pH, cultivar*pH
and time*cultivar, were statistically tested for 11 response variables connected to biomass and nodulation. The effect of liming on biomass and nodulation was also evaluated in a regression analysis using lime rate as an explanatory variable. The soil pH kept rising after sowing, even for
the non-limed soil, and ended up higher than intended at 6.5-6.8. This meant it was not possible to properly evaluate the effect of pH stress on BL and YL. The statistical analyses partly confirmed and partly contradicted hypotheses 2) and 3). In the end, however, none of the hypotheses could be confidently confirmed since the right conditions for the study were lacking. One practical finding of this study is that Nitragin gold is compatible with both SW Nexus and Karlu. The pH sensitivity of E. meliloti is also highlighted. Future directions for research would be to continue researching YL response to pH stress, as well as E. meliloti strain compatibility, perhaps in a Northern Swedish
climate over several seasons, using several cultivars.Vall odlas på ungefär 77% av jordens åkermark. Vallodling är grunden till all djurproduktion och en viktig del av människans livsmedelförsörjning. Därför är det viktigt att vallodlingen är så hållbar och biologiskt mångfacetterad som möjligt. Det är viktigt att det finns en god balans
mellan fiber-, energi- och proteininnehåll i djurföda. Baljväxter är viktiga för en god vallfoderkvalitet och de förser sig själva med kväve, vilket minskar behovet av att kvävegödsla.
Medicago sativa L. (lusern) odlas på över 30 miljoner hektar globalt och är en viktig baljväxt för jordbruket. Lusern fixerar kväve i symbios med bakteriearten E. meliloti, som bildar rhizobiumknölar (noduler) på lusernrötter. E. meliloti är känslig för sura miljöer och vid pH<6 minskar noduleringen. Detta leder till minskad tillväxt och sämre näringskvalitet hos lusern.
Målet med den här studien var att undersöka och jämföra pH-känsligheten hos två underarter av lusern, blålusern (BL) och gullusern (YL). Studien utgick från tre hypoteser: 1) YL tål lägre pH än BL men vid höga pH-värden producerar BL mer biomassa än YL; 2) Noduleringen minskar med lägre pH för både BL och YL; och 3) Lågt pH minskar biomassaproduktionen för BL och YL.En mineraljord kalkades med olika mängder kalk för att ta fram sex behandlingar med pH-värden mellan 5.7-6.5. BL- och YL-frön inockulerades med Nitragin Gold (en kommersiell blandning av olika E. meliloti-sorter) och planterades i 60 krukor. Krukorna placerades ut i
randomized block design i en växthuskammare och skördades 75-81 dagar efter sådd. Icke-destruktiva mätningar gjordes under tillväxt och vid skörd utfördes destruktiva mätningar. I en statistisk analys testades signifikansen för fyra faktorer; lusernsort, pH, lusernsort*pH och
tid*lusernsort, för 11 responsvariabler kopplade till biomassa och nodulering. Kalkningseffekt på biomassa och nodulering utvärderades i en regressionsanalys med kalkmängd som förklaringsvariabel. Under experimentets gång ökade pH i jordarna efter sådd i samtliga behandlingar, inklusive en okalkad behandling. Detta ledde till att pH nivåerna blev högre än beräknade, mellan pH 6.5-6.8. Det gjorde att det inte gick att studera vilket effekt pH-stress kan ha
på BL och YL. De statistiska analyserna både bekräftade och motbevisade hypotes 2) och 3). I slutändan kunde dock ingen av hypoteserna prövas ordentligt på grund av att rätt förutsättningar saknades och därmed varken bevisas eller motbevisas.
Studien visade att Nitragin Gold-inockulum är kompatibelt med lusernsorterna SW Nexus (BL) och Karlu (YL). E. melilotis höga pH-känslighet framgick också. Fortsatt behövs det mer forskning på YL och dess pH-tålighet, samt på vilka E. meliloti-symbionter den är kompatibel med. Sådana studier kan med fördel göras under nordsvenska förhållanden över flera odlingssäsonger, gärna med olika YL-sorter
In vitro optimization of Swedish chaga (Inonotus obliquus)
Get PDFChaga has become more popular in recent years as a beneficial natural supplement and wellness tea.
Understanding chaga source limitations and its harvest dynamics as well as it’s potential revenue
streams would be important for future chaga growers in Sweden. Under natural conditions, the
fungus Inonotus obliquus takes many years to establish and develop sterile conks that are then able
to be harvested. Cultivating the fungus in forests for profitability therefore would be best optimized
by choosing isolates that can establish more quickly. In this study, the growth of I. obliquus was
analysed from 10 samples collected across a climatic gradient in Sweden, on three different nutrient
media and at three different temperatures, in order to select superior isolates that can be used for
cultivation and under optimal conditions for mass inoculum production. The results showed
significantly higher mycelium growth on yeast agar (YA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA), compared
to birch agar (BA). No significant difference was found in growth rates between samples originating
from the North (64° North) and the South (56° North) of Sweden. Highest growth rate occurred at
16°C, followed by 20°C and finally 26°C and this was consistent across all three media tested. In
addition to the in vitro growth trials, the degree of pigmentation was assessed in each culture, as
pigmentation is commonly an indicator of the presence of melanins which are known bioactive
secondary metabolites. Results showed that the fungus growth on PDA and YA exhibited more
pigmentation than BA. Interestingly the isolate showing highest growth (S4) showed least
pigmentation, and conversely the isolate showing least growth (S3) produced the highest number of
highly pigmented petri plates. This may indicate a potential trade-off between primary and
secondary metabolite production and ought to be investigated in more detail in future growth
optimisation experiments. From the results we recommend future in vitro cultivation of chaga
Inonotus obliquus in YA at least as low as 16°C. Further in vitro optimisation experiments could
investigate lower temperatures to find the optimal growing temperature
A catch-22 scenario in the Swedish food system
Get PDFCyprinid fish like roach, bream and ide are natural resources in Sweden that were common and consumed in households up to the late 19th century. Due to societal changes during the industrialization cyprinids lost their domestic importance. Today we see an increasing demand for sustainable food sources. Cyprinid fishing has low carbon emissions and may possibly improve water quality in eutrophic waters and could be an interesting additional resource to the Swedish food supply chain. Cyprinid fish need to be managed in a sustainable way that will ensure long-term sustainability for the cyprinid stocks and complies with environmental goals and the Swedish Food Strategy goals of increasing domestic food production. In this thesis I have used catch reports and environmental data to estimate how much bream can be fished in the Swedish part of the Baltic Sea. I have participated in meetings with stakeholders in an ongoing project to increase cyprinid fishing in the Baltic Sea, conducted interviews with fishers active in the Bothnian bay and created self-completion questionnaire for employees at authorities working with cyprinid management. Through Thematic Analysis, Stakeholder Identification and with the use of the literature available I made a SWOT-analysis of the cyprinid fisheries in Sweden and discussed possible management scenarios for cyprinid fishing in Sweden. The results indicate that bream fishing in the Baltic Sea can increase to between 1894 - 13 637 tons. A possible way to manage cyprinid fisheries is to allow fishers to self-regulate or have fish-producing companies involved in management by having contracts with fishers. I also argue that viewing cyprinid fishing as a Complex Adaptive System (CAS) would allow better understanding of how to manage the resource. This paper implies that cyprinid fishing can increase in the Baltic Sea and that viewing cyprinid fishing as a Complex Adaptive System would supply managers with more tools and possibly make management more effective.Karpfiskar som mört, braxen och id är naturresurser i Sverige som var vanliga och konsumerades i hushållen fram till slutet av 1800-talet. På grund av samhällsförändringar under industrialiseringen förlorade karpfiskarna sin inhemska betydelse. Idag ser vi en ökad efterfrågan på hållbara livsmedelskällor. Fiske av karpfiskar har låga koldioxidutsläpp och kan möjligen förbättra vattenkvaliteten i eutrofa vatten och skulle kunna vara en intressant ytterligare resurs i den svenska livsmedelskedjan. Karpfisket behöver förvaltas på ett hållbart sätt som säkerställer långsiktig hållbarhet för bestånden och som överensstämmer med miljömålen och den svenska livsmedelsstrategins mål att öka den inhemska livsmedelsproduktionen. I detta examensarbete har jag använt fångstrapporter och miljödata för att uppskatta hur mycket braxen som kan fiskas i den svenska delen av Östersjön. Jag har deltagit i möten med intressenter i ett pågående projekt för att öka karpfisket i Östersjön, genomfört intervjuer med fiskare som är verksamma i Bottenviken och skapat enkäter för anställda på myndigheter som arbetar med förvaltning av karpfisket. Genom tematisk analys, identifiering av intressenter och med hjälp av tillgänglig litteratur gjorde jag en SWOT-analys av karpfisket i Sverige och diskuterade möjliga förvaltningsscenarier för karpfisket i Sverige. Resultaten visar att fisket av braxen i Östersjön kan öka till mellan 1894 - 13 637 ton. Ett möjligt sätt att förvalta fisket av karpfiskar är att låta fiskarna självreglera eller att låta fiskproducerande företag delta i förvaltningen genom att ha kontrakt med fiskarna. Jag hävdar också att om man betraktar karpfisket som ett komplext adaptivt system kan man få en bättre förståelse för hur resursen ska förvaltas. Resultaten från undersökning innebär att fisket av braxen kan öka i Östersjön och att om man betraktar fisket av karpfiskar som ett komplext adaptivt system skulle förvaltarna få fler verktyg och eventuellt göra förvaltningen mer effektiv
Ekosystemtjänster i kommunala grönplaner
Get PDFI det här arbetet granskas kommunala grönplaner med fokus på ekosystemtjänster. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur tre olika kommuner i Sverige vill arbeta med ekosystemtjänster utifrån respektive kommuns grönplan. En dokumentanalys utfördes, där de valda kommunernas grönplaner, Eskilstuna kommuns grönplan, Västerås kommuns grönstrukturplan och Örebro kommuns grönstrategi granskades med hjälp av en ekosystemtjänsttabell. Ekosystemtjänsttabellen innehåller 22 olika ekosystemtjänster och beskrivningar framtagna av C/O City, Boverket och Naturvårdsverket. Ekosystemtjänsterna som nämns i grönplanerna kategoriserades som kulturella, stödjande, reglerande eller försörjande ekosystemtjänster. Resultatet visar att kulturella ekosystemtjänster nämns mest frekvent i de tre grönplanerna medan försörjande ekosystemtjänster berörs minst. Eskilstuna kommun och Västerås kommun nämner stödjande ekosystemtjänster näst mest medan Örebro kommun nämner reglerande ekosystemtjänster näst mest. Det kan konstateras att grönplaners innehåll och struktur kan skilja sig åt även om de har liknande mål och syfte. Utformning och användning av kommunala grönplaner är ett område som har stor utvecklingspotential.In this study, municipal green structure plans are examined with a focus on ecosystem services. The purpose of this study is to explore how three different municipalities in Sweden want to work with ecosystem services based on each municipality's green structure plan. A document analysis was conducted, where the selected municipalities’ green structure plans, Eskilstuna municipality’s green structure plan, Västerås municipality’s green structure plan and Örebro municipality’s green structure plan were examined using a table of ecosystem services. The table of ecosystem services contains 22 different ecosystem services and descriptions developed by C/O City, The Swedish National Board Of Housing, Building And Planning and The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The ecosystem services mentioned in the green structure plans were categorised as cultural, supporting, regulating or provisioning ecosystem services. The result shows that cultural ecosystem services are mentioned most frequently in the three green structure plans, while provisioning ecosystem services are mentioned the least. Eskilstuna municipality and Västerås municipality mention supporting ecosystem services second most, while Örebro municipality mentions regulating ecosystem services second most. It can be stated that the content and structure of green structure plans can differ even if they have similar goals and purposes. The design and use of municipal green structure plans is an area that has great potential for development
Assessment of the Agroecological Potential of Biostimulatory Effects
Get PDFEnvironmental pollution, resource depletion and climate change are related to imbalances in the
farming system. Effective microorganisms are seen as a possible solution to these problems. They
are a consortium of microorganisms, which positively influence the decomposition of organic
matter and create a favorable environment for plants, promoting their health and growth by
stimulating physiological processes, including the efficiency of photosynthetic and stress
resistance pathways. The study aims to accomplish an understanding of whether, which and how
effects of EM observed in scientific research can be achieved in practice, while collecting new
information on social and economic effects. Furthermore, answering the research question of
how the application of effective microorganisms (EM) complies with the agroecological
principles. Therefore, eight semi-structured interviews with German and Austrian farmers were
conducted and subsequently analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological approach.
Furthermore, the author assesses the sustainability of the EM practice by applying the
disciplinary approach of agroecology by relating the finding to the 13 principles established by
the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO).
The practitioners reported that as an experienced-based and knowledge-intensive practice, the
application of EM requires farmer-to-farmer contact. Farmers are included in the product
development of the preferably used ready-made EM solutions. Meanwhile, there is a lack of
support from academia and official associations. The application of EM is limited by their input
costs, increased labor, climatic conditions, and integration with other work processes and
farming inputs, which is facilitated by their non-toxicity. The purpose, state and growth stage of
the crop also needs to be considered. Proactively applied EM can successfully preoccupy,
compete and positively interact with other microorganisms. Susceptible, special, high-risk and
niche crops benefit most from the improved resistance to extreme weather conditions, pests and
diseases induced by EM. Additionally, EM make organic fertilizer more competitive by improving
the timing due to accelerated decomposition. Through the application of EM, pesticides and
synthetic fertilizers can be reduced and sometimes replaced. Therefore, increased economic
returns are possible due to reduced losses and improved input efficiency as well as increased
yield, crop quality, earlier bloom, and non-toxicity, which additionally draws the consumer’s
attention. The application of EM often comes with an understanding of responsibility by the
producers.
With the support of EM, natural cycles can be restored, and degraded soils can be ameliorated.
By reducing losses and improving their use efficiency, farming inputs can be reduced and, in
some cases, even replaced. However, a nutrient source for the EM needs to be added, which
however can be local resources applied using existing machinery and labor. Meanwhile, the
additional management is compensated by the easy handling due to the non-toxicity of EM. This
safety for non-target species besides the aforementioned effects supports soil and animal health
as well as biodiversity and the related synergies. In addition, biodiversity in particular benefits
from the environmental benefits originating from the input saving. Endorsing farmers for the
ecosystem services related to the application of EM would create an additional source of income.
Besides, the increased abiotic and biotic stress resistance supports the diversification of
cultivation and leads to season extension due to earlier bloom and later infestation, which not
just economically diversifies the farm, but also local diets, supporting cultural identity. Further
marketing benefits arise, while the increased marketability and shelf-life additionally contribute to the reduction of food waste. These are just some of the effects of EM application benefitting
food security, safety and sovereignty. Besides, yield stability and the resulting income security
create an incentive for high-risk, high-return investments in innovation. The novelty of EM
application itself encourages exchange between practitioners and producers of EM solutions, but
also farmer-to -farmer contact. However, although EM application is a knowledge-intensive and
experience-based practice, the necessary involvement from academia is lacking. On the other
hand, customer interest is induced, while neighborhood relationships are improved due to the
reduction of negative externalities. By mitigating abiotic and biotic stress as well as negative
environmental externalities, EM contribute to the protection of the groups most vulnerable to
these effects, fostering gender and social equity. Further, the access to nutrient sources
facilitated through EM application is especially important for remote small-scale farmers.
Additionally, work safety associated with EM is crucial for fair working conditions. Meanwhile,
the use of local, renewable resources is promoted, protecting other resources in addition to the
increased efficiency of the resources already in use. The reduced outflow of money and
employment opportunities due to increased self-sufficiency can empower the local community.
In conclusion, due to the variety of benefits arising from the EM’s biostimulatory effects, e.g. the
plant’s increased resistance to abiotic stress, the application of EM functions as a climate change
adaptation strategy. Additionally, the invasion by alien species driven by climate change can be
better managed due to the increased biotic resistance of the crops after EM application.
Furthermore, the EM application contributes to climate change mitigation by reducing emissions
by increasing input efficiency. Simultaneously, the economic risk-resilience of farming businesses
is increased since self-sufficiency is strengthened, mainly through the promoted use of local
resources, making the farming community less vulnerable to external market disruptions.
However, many uncertainties exist around the practical implementation of EM treatments in
terms of their effectiveness and effects due to the complexity of natural processes as well as the
socioeconomic impacts due to a lack of studies
Lönsamhet i skogsmarksgödsling för privata markägare i norra Sverige
Get PDFIdag involveras åtskilliga sektorer inom bioekonomin med skogsråvaran som bas, bland annat sektorer inom textilier, konstruktion, biopharma och kemikalier. Den globala efterfrågan på skogsråvaran är hög. Efterfrågan bemöts av minskat utbud av skogsråvaran med anledning av att skogsmark konverteras till jordbruksmark alternativt urbana områden. Det krävs därav att mer träråvara produceras på mindre areal och detta kan göras med produktionshöjande åtgärder. I denna studie läggs fokus på den produktionshöjande åtgärden skogsmarksgödsling, dels då åtgärden i tidigare forskning ansetts lönsam, dels då åtgärden kan anses positiv för klimatnyttan.
I Sverige förekommer stora arealer gödslingsbar skogsmark, men mer än hälften av denna gödslas ej. Privata markägare erhåller för lite kunskap gällande gödslingens lönsamhet samt miljöpåverkan. Målet med studien är således att konkretisera och förenkla rådgivningen, med privata markägare som uppdragsgivare, gällande lönsamheten i gödslingsåtgärden i olikbördiga beståndstyper. Syftet med studien är undersöka och kalkylera den traditionella skogsmarksgödslingens lönsamhet, men även att undersöka de ekonomiska konsekvenserna av en gödslingsstrategi där klimatnyttan prissätts. Definitionen av traditionell gödsling i denna studie är följande: gödsling sker tio år innan föryngringsavverkning, en intäkt sker följt av åtgärden, virkesintäkten vid föryngringsavverkning. Gödslingen där klimatnyttan prissätts definieras i studien som klimatgödsling där gödsling sker två år efter första gallringen i en omloppstid. Två intäkter följs av åtgärden, en där den inbundna mängden koldioxid prissätts, tio år efter gödsling och en då virkesintäkten realiseras vid föryngringsavverkning.
Studiens resultat är baserat på estimeringar av gödslingens påverkan på volymtillväxten med hjälp av prognosfunktioner, vilka i sin tur skapade basen för att utföra lönsamhetsbedömningar för de gödslingsstrategier som studien ämnade undersöka. Estimeringarna av volymtillväxten baseras på de ståndortsspecifika faktorerna ståndortsindex, altitud, latitud, gödselgiva och löpande tillväxt. Lönsamheten i gödslingsstrategierna bedömdes med nettonuvärdesmetoden, annuitetsmetoden och internräntemetoden. Känslighetsanalyser utfördes på faktorerna kalkylränta, virkespris och gödslingskostnad, med nyckeltalet nettonuvärde. Samtliga beräkningar utfördes i Microsoft Excel.
Lönsamhetsbedömningarna i studien visar att båda gödslingsstrategierna är lönsamma enligt samtliga metoder. Gödslingsstrategin där klimatnyttan prissätts är mer lönsam vid en jämförelse med den traditionella gödslingsstrategin i samtliga undersökta beståndstyper enligt nettonuvärdesmetoden och annuitetsmetoden. Lönsamheten för de båda gödslingsstrategierna enligt internräntemetoden är mer varierat gällande vilken gödslingsstrategi som är mest lönsam. Gödslingsstrategin där klimatnyttan prissätts visar sig vara mer känslig till förändringar i omvärldsfaktorer enligt känslighetsanalysen.
Resultatet i studien bidrar till en konkretisering av lönsamheten i skogsmarksgödsling då lönsamhet beskrivs i lättförståeliga termer som kan förstås av gemene man, vilket i sin tur förenklar rådgivningen. De ekonomiska konsekvenserna av en gödslingsstrategi där klimatnyttan prissätts visar en högre lönsamhet men även en högre risk jämfört med traditionell gödsling. Det förekommer därav positiva ekonomiska incitament gällande skogsmarksgödsling där klimatnyttan prissätts vilket i sin tur motiverar utökandet och utvecklingen av en fungerande marknad för klimatkompensation där skogsgödslingens klimatnytta kompenseras.
Today, several sectors are involved in the bioeconomy with tree-based products as a foundation, including sectors within textile, construction, biopharma and chemicals. The global demand for tree-based products is high. The demand is encountered by a decreasing supply of tree-based products with cause of forest land being converted to agricultural land alternatively urban areas. More raw tree material is therefore required to be produced on smaller area, this is possible due to production-enhancing activity. This study will focus on the production-enhancing activity forest fertilization, firstly since the activity have been proven profitable and secondly since the activity is considered positive for the climate benefits.
There are major fertilizable forest areas in Sweden, and more than half of the area isn’t fertilized. Private forest owners obtain vague knowledge considering the profitability and environmental impact of forest fertilization. The goal of the study is therefore to concretize and simplify the counselling of the forest fertilization measure, with private forest owners as clients, concerning the profitability in forest fertilization different forest stands (i.e., fertility and tree species). The purpose of the study is to investigate and calculate the traditional forest fertilization regime, but also to investigate the economic consequences of a forest fertilization regime where the climate benefit is priced. In this study, the definition of a traditional forest fertilization regime is following: forest fertilization is performed ten years before final felling, one revenue takes place after the measure, the timber revenue at the final felling. The forest fertilization whereas the climate benefit is priced is defined as climate forest fertilization where forest fertilization is performed two years after the first thinning in a forest life cycle. Two revenues are followed by the measures, one where the carbon sequestration is priced, ten years after forest fertilization, and one where the timber revenue is realized at the final felling.
The result of the study is based on estimates with forecast functions of the forest feralization’s influence on volume growth, which in turn generated the base to perform the profitability assessment for the different forest fertilization regimes the study intended to investigate. The estimates of volume growth are based on the stand specific factors stand index, altitude, latitude, fertilizer quantity and current annual increment. The profitability of the two different forest fertilization regimes was assessed with net present value, annuity, and internal rate of return. Sensitivity analyses was conducted on the factors interest rate, timber price and the cost of fertilization, with the key figure net present value. All calculations were carried out in Microsoft Excel.
The profitability assessments in the study shows that both forest fertilization regimes are profitable according to all profitability assessment methods. Climate forest fertilization is more profitable when comparing to the traditional forest fertilization regime in all investigated stands according to the net present value and annuity method. The profitability according to internal rate of return is more varied. Climate fertilization turns out to be more sensitive to changes in external factors according to the sensitivity analysis that was carried out in the study.
The results of the study contribute to a concretization of the profitability of forest fertilization as profitability is described in easy-to-understand terms that can be understood by the common man or woman, which in turn simplifies the counselling. The economic consequences of a fertilization strategy where climate benefits are priced show a higher profitability but also a higher risk compared to traditional fertilization. There are therefore positive economic incentives regarding forest fertilization where the climate benefit is priced, which in turn justifies the expansion and development of a functioning market for climate compensation where the climate benefits of forest fertilization are compensated
En skötselplan och utvecklings idéer för stadsparken i Laholm
Get PDFUppsatsen handlar om att utforma en skötselplan och utvecklingsidéer för
stadsparken i Laholm, med målet att behålla parkens karaktär och uppfylla dess
funktioner. Detta har gjorts genom att samla in information från olika källor såsom
en litteraturstudie, intervjuer med parkens personal och brukare, en platsanalys samt
en enkät. Enkäten är en digital undersökning som riktats till besökare av parken för
att få en bättre förståelse för deras önskemål och behov. Resultatet av dessa olika
metoder har sedan använts för att formulera en skötselplan och utvecklingsidéer
som tar hänsyn till de olika behoven och önskemålen hos brukarna.
En skötselplan är en dokumenterad strategi för att strukturera och förbättra
skötselarbetet på en park eller grönyta. Den beskriver målen för området och de
åtgärder som krävs för att uppnå dessa mål. En skötselplan kan bidra till en mer
effektiv och hållbar skötsel genom att ge en gemensam strategi att följa, och kan
också öka motivationen hos den anställda personalen och leda till en ökad kvalitet
på skötselarbetet. I arbetet finns resultatet i form av ett förslag på skötselplan och
utvecklingsförslag.
Det är viktigt att följa upp skötselplanen för Laholms stadspark för att bibehålla
dess karaktär och funktion, genom att genomföra åtgärder beskrivna i planen och
samla in information från olika källor för att skapa lämpliga utvecklingsidéer. Det
är också viktigt att involvera olika intressenter och att överväga eventuella
begränsningar och se till att skötselplanen används på ett lämpligt sätt.
För att få en bättre förståelse för vad brukarna av stadsparken i Laholm önskar och
vilka förbättringar som är önskvärda, har feedback från dem samlats in genom
enkäten och intervjuerna. I arbetet framhålls att genom att ta hänsyn till brukarnas
åsikter och önskemål kan man skapa en park som är användbar och uppskattad av
alla som besöker den.The essay is about designing a maintenance plan and development ideas for the
park in Laholm, with the goal of maintaining the park's character and fulfilling its
functions. This has been done by collecting information from various sources such
as a literature review, interviews with park staff and users, a site analysis and a
survey. The survey is a digital survey that is directed to visitors to the park to get a
better understanding of their wishes and needs. The result of these various methods
has then been used to formulate a maintenance plan and development ideas that
take into account the various needs and desires of the users.
A maintenance plan is a documented strategy for structuring and improving
maintenance work in a park or greenspace. It describes the goals for the area and
the measures required to achieve these goals. A maintenance plan can contribute to
more efficient and sustainable maintenance by providing a common strategy to
follow, and can also increase the motivation of the employed staff and lead to
increased quality of maintenance work.
It is important to follow up on the maintenance plan for the park in Laholm to
maintain its character and function, by implementing the measures described in the
plan and collecting information from various sources to create appropriate
development ideas. It is also important to involve various stakeholders and consider
any limitations and ensure that the maintenance plan is used appropriately.
To get a better understanding of what users of the park in Laholm want and which
improvements are desirable, feedback from them has been collected through the
survey and interviews. By taking into account the opinions and wishes of the users,
a park that is usable and appreciated by all visitors can be created
Serum TK1 activity and SAA concentration as biomarkers to differentiate lymphoma from gastrointestinal disease in cats
Get PDFAlimentary lymphoma is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract in cats. Since the clinical signs often are identical to those of inflammatory bowel disease
(IBD), and the findings on diagnostic imaging and endoscopic mucosal biopsies overlap, invasive
biopsy sampling from the GI tract is needed to be able to differentiate these two diseases from each
other. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a cell cycle specific cytosolic enzyme involved in DNA
synthesis and cell repair, and is commonly used as a tumor biomarker in human oncology since the
TK1 activity increases with high cell turnover which is commonly seen in tumors. The aim of this
study was to evaluate if sTK1 can be useful as a biomarker to differentiate cats with lymphoma from
cats with acute to chronic GI disease. The relation between sTK1 activity and a marker for
inflammation, the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), was also examined, to evaluate if
there is a correlation between sTK1 activity and SAA in cats with GI disease and lymphoma, and if
a combination of the two assays strengthens the accuracy and predictive value.
Private-owned cats of varying breeds, ages and genders were recruited into three different groups;
one group of 41 healthy control cats that were classified as healthy based on clinical examination
and blood analysis; one group of 54 cats with GI disease that was presenting with vomiting, diarrhea,
weight-loss and/or anorexia and of which a diagnosis related to the GI tract had been reached, and
one group of 14 cats with confirmed lymphoma. Sera was collected from all cats and sTK1 activity
was measured using the [
3H]-dThd phosphorylation assay while SAA was measured with a latex
turbidimetric immunoassay. The results showed that cats with lymphoma had a significantly higher
sTK1 activity compared to both healthy cats (p<0.01) and cats with GI disease (p<0.05), and the
sTK1 activity assay for lymphoma had a higher accuracy, sensitivity and specificity compared to
the SAA concentration assay for this group. In contrast, the SAA concentration in was significantly
higher in cats with GI disease compared to healthy cats (p<0.01) and showed a higher accuracy,
sensitivity and specificity compared to the sTK1 activity assay. The combination of sTK1 and SAA
analyses showed a small, but statistically significant, added sensitivity and specificity in cats with
GI disease, but not in the lymphoma group. There was also a weak correlation between TK1 and
SAA in cats with lymphoma and cats with GI disease.
This study concludes that sTK1 is not useful as a biomarker for differentiating between lymphoma
and GI disease in cats, as there is a high degree of overlap between the two groups. There are
however indications that TK1 might be useful in malignancy assessment, monitoring of disease
progression and prognosis estimation. Another conclusion is that there is a correlation between TK1
and SAA, although the correlation is weak and the combination of the two values do not strengthen
the accuracy or predictive value for cats with lymphoma or GI disease, which means that SAA is
not useful as an additional biomarker to sTK1 for this purpose. However, this study indicates that
cats with inflammatory disease and pancreatitis may have an elevated sTK1 and SAA in the acute
phase of disease that is later decreased if the tissue damage is reduced. More studies with a larger
lymphoma group and with follow-up samples for the cats with GI disease and lymphoma are
necessary to confirm these conclusions. Further studies on the potential use of both sTK1 and SAA
in disease monitoring, malignancy assessment and evaluation of prognosis are also recommended
Reconnecting Gävle’s Delta : a post-industrial urban transformation project for Sweden’s coastal landscape
Get PDFThis speculative design-led research project addresses the challenges of transforming dilapidated post-industrial brownfield sites into thriving, sustainable, resilient urban neighbourhoods. Tasked with allocating urban growth, municipality planning departments increasingly look towards underused but centrally located industrial sites for future development. Coastal brownfield sites, with the promise of prime waterfront views, are especially sought after, but can also pose many complex urban and environmental challenges.
This thesis confronts these challenges using the site-specific scenario at Näringen – an industrial 232-hectare site zoned for urban transformation – in Gävle, Sweden. Faced with urban growth, deindustrialisation, disconnectivity, flooding, and environmental disrepair, Reconnecting Gävle’s Delta is a design proposal which draws on Nature-based Solutions, including Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) principles, and ideas of the ‘productive city’ to imagine a new climate-adapted mixed-use district at Näringen. First, a new water channel island is proposed to deal with future sea level rise by preventatively ‘inviting the water’, resulting in the creation of a new recreation island for the city. Second, a network of multifunctional blue-green corridors mitigates against cloudburst flooding while providing a focal point around which new mixed-use neighbourhoods – including housing, community, business, and industrial productive activities – can be designed.
Reconnecting the Delta critiques Gävle’s anthropocentric and monofunctional planning approaches (which it argues led to Näringen’s urban and environmental degradation in the first place), instead presenting a vision for reciprocity; firstly between ecological and urban systems – which in this project is initiated through a district-wide BGI framework; and secondly, between old and new – not just through preserving or recycling elements of the current physical urban environment, but through resolutely integrating and celebrating industrial productive activities (manufacturing, trade, logistics, repairs) that have historically and continue to take place at Näringen. The thesis concludes by encouraging the city of Gävle, and urbanism more broadly, to invest in further research that explores the integration of local production and industry as part of a truly mixed, sustainable, and flood-resilient city
En grön oas mellan stad och natur
Get PDFUrbanisering, bostadsbrist och klimatförändringar är
några av de faktorer som ställer högre krav på våra städer
idag. Samhällen byggs i och med detta tätare och är i
ständig omvandling för att anpassa sig till de problem som
städerna ställs inför. I takt med urbaniseringen begränsas
utrymmen till grönytor och grönska.
Idag är det vanligt förekommande att grönytor gestaltas
på olika sätt med inspiration från naturen, där man låter
naturen genomsyra planteringar i både ett konstnärligt och
kontrollerat uttryck. En metod för att utforma grönytor
och planteringar som efterliknar naturen är att använda
sig av naturalistisk växtkomposition. Det innebär att man
hämtar inspiration från naturen och hur växterna naturligt
interagerar och samspelar med varandra. På så sätt kan
man tillämpa denna kunskap när man sätter samman
växtkompositioner och planteringar i offentliga miljöer där
man försöker efterlikna en naturlig ståndort och miljö.
Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka och fördjupa sig
i naturalistisk växtkomposition med fokus på Nigel
Dunnetts metodik där målet är att utifrån dessa
teorier och tillvägagångssätt tolka och utforma ett
växtgestaltningsförslag för Triangelplatsen i Stockholm.
För att besvara detta syfte ställdes följande frågor: Hur kan
grönytor gestaltas med inspiration från Nigel Dunnetts
metodik kring naturalistisk växtkomposition med främst
fokus på hans toolkit? samt Vilka växter kan användas
och hur kan dessa kombineras på den aktuella platsen
utifrån Nigel Dunnetts metodik utifrån naturalistisk
växtkomposition?
I det här examensarbetet genomförs och utformas ett
gestaltningsförslag för Triangelplatsen. Platsen är belägen
i det gamla industriområdet Bällstahamn i nordvästra
Stockholm och som är tänkt att bli en ny grön stadsdel
intill Solna. Det nya området fokuserar på mycket grönska
och växtlighet och där grönytorna ska vävas samman
genom hela området. Triangelplatsen har en betydande
roll att bli ett sammanhängande grönt stråk ner till
Bällstaviken.
Platsens tänkta växtlighet behöver förhålla sig till en
relativt skuggig och torr plats som är utsatt för mycket
sol under sommarhalvårets dagar. Växtvalet behöver även
väljas ut för att främja siktlinjen ner mot Bällstaviken.
Växtgestaltningsförslaget presenterar ett tänkbart sätt att
utforma naturalistiska planteringar över Triangelplatsen.
Gestaltningsförslaget fokuserar på en grön och artrik
växtlighet som återspeglar vegetationen i resterande delar
av Bälstahamnsområdet. Planteringarna innehåller en
stor variation av perenna växter, lökar, buskar och träd.
Träden består av Amelanchier lamarckii som planteras
in i olika storlekar för att skapa ett variationsrikt uttryck.
Växtbäddarna representerar tre olika växtmixer som vävs
samman genom hela platsen.
Arbetet redogör för tre olika växtmixer som erhåller en
naturalistisk växtkomposition. Den första växtmixen
innehåller skuggtåliga arter som placeras i de skuggiga
delarna av Triangelplatsen. De resterande planteringsytorna
innehåller två mer torktåliga växtmixer, där den ena är
lägre och den andra högre. Detta bidrar med en variation i
höjdskillnad där den låga växtmixen medvetet placeras för
att främja siktlinjen ner mot Bällstaviken.Urbanization, housing shortages and climate change are
some of the factors that place higher demands on our cities
today. As a result, cities are being built more densely and
are constantly being transformed to adapt to the problems
that they face today. In steps with urbanization, green
spaces are limited and risks to shrink even more in the
future.
Today, it is common for green spaces to be designed in
different ways to take inspiration from nature, where nature
is allowed to influence planting designs in both an artistic
and controlled expression. One method of designing
green spaces and plant beds that mimics nature is to use
a naturalistic plant composition. This means that you
draw inspiration from nature and how the plants naturally
interact with each other. In this way, you can apply this
knowledge when putting together plant compositions in
public environments where you try to imitate a natural
environment.
The purpose of the work was to investigate naturalistic
plant composition with focus on Nigel Dunnett’s
methodology. The goal was to interpret and design a plant
design proposal for Triangelplatsen in Stockholm based
on the theories and approaches of Dunnett. To answer
this purpose, the following questions were asked: How
can green spaces be designed with inspiration from Nigel
Dunnett’s methodology on naturalistic plant composition
with the main focus on his toolkit? and Which plants
can be used and how can these be combined in the
actual location based on Nigel Dunnett’s methodology of
naturalistic plant composition?
Triangelplatsen is located in the old industrial areas in
Bällstahamn in the northwest of Stockholm and which is
intended to be a new green district next to Solna. The new
area focuses on a lot of green spaces where the green areas
are to be woven together. Triangelplatsen has a significant
role to play in becoming an important green space in this
new community.
The plant design proposal represented a possible way
to design naturalistic planting compositions over
Triangelplatsen. The design proposal focused on a green
and species-rich vegetation that took inspiration from the
green spaces in the other parts of Bällstahamn. The plant
beds contained a large variety of perennial plants, bulbs,
shrubs and trees. The trees consisted of Amelanchier
lamarckii which were planted in different sizes to create
a varied expression. The plant beds represented three
different plant mixes that were woven together throughout
the site.
The design proposal describes three different plant mixes
that interpret a naturalistic plant composition. The first
plant mix contained shade-tolerant species that were placed
in the more shady parts of Triangelplatsen. The remaining
plant beds contained two drought-resistant plant mixes,
where one was lower and the other higher. This contributed
to a variation in height difference where the low plant mix
was placed to promote the sight down to Bällstaviken