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Anaerobic cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from biogas plants
Get PDFTwo cellulose degrading bacteria, named BCISO-4 and DC1-18-4, were isolated from samples retrieved from two large scale biogas-plants. In order to investigate and determine information regarding their growth preferences multiple tests were performed.
Growth for the two isolates was tested on the carbon sources: cellobiose, starch, hemicellulose, straw, cellulose, fructose, glucose, ribose, mannose, xylose and sorbitol (0.5w%/v.). Strong growth was documented on cellulose and cellobiose for both organisms and for BCISO-4 weak growth was possible with xylose, starch, sorbitol, glucose, fructose and ribose. For DC1-18-4 weak growth was observed with xylose, straw, glucose and ribose. Growth was also tested on a more complex nutrient medium, reinforced clostridial medium (RCM), no growth was however documented.
The major products produced during growth, as analyzed by HPLC, were determined to be acetate and butyrate for both organisms. For BCISO-4 and DC1-18-4 the growth span for temperature and pH was determined to 25-54 ° C and pH 6-10, and 25-51 ° C and pH 6-9, respectively. Enzyme activity for free enzymes as well as cell-bound was tested on glucose and xylose, and all tests indicated activity.
Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (TRFLP) targeting the cel 5 gene was performed on samples from the biogas-plants to investigate presence of the isolated species, which confirmed their presence.
Keywords: anaerobic bacteria, biogas, cellulose, cellobiose, VFA, enzyme activity, TRFL
”Alla” är välkomna hit
Get PDFTiggeriförbud och visitationszoner är frågor som allt oftare debatteras i dagens samhälle. Samtidigt
som kontrollen över våra offentliga rum blir allt strängare betonas vikten av en levande stadsmiljö.
Vi har i denna uppsats undersökt hur två stationstorg i Malmö hanterar dessa motstridande tendenser,
och kommit fram till att det resulterar i en design som är exkluderande för vissa grupper.
Det är Malmö stad som, med hänsyn till både politiska ambitioner och ekonomiska intressen, fattar
beslut kring hur vi ska utforma offentliga platser. För att förstå vad det är som övergripande styr
gestaltningen av de offentliga utrymmena tar vi ett steg tillbaka och tittar på nyliberalismens
framväxt i västvärlden i stort, samt hur den föranlett en maktförskjutning i styrningen av Sveriges
städer. Idag är städernas vinst det huvudsakliga fokuset; därmed är huvudsyftet med dagens
nyetablerade områden och förnyelseprojekt att locka till sig välbärgade invånare och nya
investeringar. Maktförskjutningen som skett redogör vi för via Mouffes (2019) samt Tesfahuneys
och Dahlstedts (2008) teori om postpolitik, som beskriver hur Malmö stad utvecklats sedan
millennieskiftet - från att ha haft tydliga politiska mål gällande vem staden formades utefter, till att
nu låta stadsplaneringen styras av breda och långsiktiga visioner som kräver tolkning av tjänstemän
såsom landskapsarkitekter. Makten förskjuts därmed från politikerna; det är inte längre de som, i
egenskap av representanter för medborgarna, bestämmer hur våra offentliga rum ska se ut.
Eftersom det är allas demokratiska rätt att bruka de offentliga rummen är det folket som bör
bestämma över deras utformning. Då sociala ojämlikheter alltjämt kommer existera i någon mån
bör de offentliga utrymmena vara till största möjliga nytta för de som har det sämst ställt, dvs. de
utan hem. Vår slutsats är tvärtemot att hemlösa idag exkluderas bort från Stadens offentliga rum,
via fysiska element såsom bänkar man ej kan sova på. Ytterligare en slutsats vi kommer fram till är
att våra offentliga utrymmen, de enda platserna som i regel inte ställer krav på medborgarnas
konsumtion, allt oftare förvandlas till passager som leder besökaren till betalningsbelagda eller
privatägda ytor. Torgens funktion förändras då från att inneha aktivitet till att leda bort den. Därmed
påverkas inte bara hemlösa och fattiga, utan även medborgarna med bättre resurser - för levande
stadsrum är något alla gynnas av.Begging bans and search zones are becoming increasingly active issues in the public debate. At the
same time as the control of our public spaces becomes stricter, great emphasis is being placed on
the living urban environment. We have in this essay examined how two station squares in Malmö
are dealing with these conflicting trends in society, and have found that a consequence is the creation
of a design that excludes certain groups.
Both Malmö City's political ambitions and economic interests shape the public spaces of the city.
To understand what greatly influences the design of public areas, we look back at the rise of
neoliberalism in the Western world and how it has created a power shift in how Swedish cities are
governed - now with a strong focus on profit. A focus that has made both the renewal of old areas
and the development of new ones primarily aimed at attracting new investments and affluent people.
The shifting power dynamics in urban planning is seen through the lens of post-politics, which
describes how Malmö City has changed since the turn of the millennium - from having clear political
goals regarding whom the city should be for, to being guided by broad long-term visions that
officials, such as landscape architects, only can interpret freely. Power is thus shifted away from
politicians; it is no longer them who, as representatives of the citizens, decide what our public spaces
should look like.
Since everyone has the democratic right to use public spaces, it is the people who should decide on
their design. Considering how social inequality always will exist to some extent, the public space
should be of the greatest possible benefit to the least well-off, i.e. those without a home. Our
conclusion is, on the contrary, that the homeless today often are excluded from public places, e.g.
via physical elements such as benches that cannot be slept on. Another reached conclusion is that
our public spaces, the only places in the city that generally are free to reside in, increasingly often
are turning into passages directing the citizen towards areas that make demands on consumption or
are privately owned. The function of the city squares then changes; from holding activity to leading
it away. Not only does this affect the homeless and poor, but also citizens with better resources -
because living urban spaces are something everyone benefits from
The realistic idea to be a dreamer
Get PDFThis paper investigates whether utopia can be a lens in landscape architecture to open the
imagination toward possible outcomes of the future. The springboard for the subject is a
call for hope as it is the main ingredient driving change in our society. While hope is a vital
resource for progression, it also demands certain conditions to thrive. This paper is an explo-
ration of how utopia in landscape architecture can be a way to understand these conditions.
It is made through three separate chapters: first exploring landscape architecture’s correla-
tion with utopian hope. Then moving onto the utopian narrative and whether storytelling in
landscape architecture can spark hope. Ending with turning to speculative, utopian, scenario
building as a means to discover new possibilities in landscape architecture.
Each chapter is a puzzle piece gathering literature review, reference projects and re-
flections that as a whole strive to explore what a utopian approach in landscape architecture
can be. This is combined with experimenting with parts of the gathered theory on chosen
site: the Southern Boulevard Périphérique in Paris.
Part of the profession as a landscape architect is to propose future alterations. The
act of proposing is an act of hoping, since what you propose is a hope that your suggestion
will result in something better. Hence, there are common grounds between utopias, who are
dreams of something better, and landscape architecture. The utopian perspective can be used
to achieve heighten knowledge about what landscape architecture can provide in terms of
sparking hope in society. The utopian hope is reliant on landscape architecture not being fully
fixed or rigid in its form. For hope to exist it needs space to expand, for transformation to be
possible. This means that utopian landscape architecture can never fully be, just become. The
way the proposal is narrated can also affect whether it is utopian, in the sense that it opens
up the future, or closes it off. The lens provided by utopia can reveal new layers in landscape
architecture hence also heightening our ability to understand its complexity. These layers can
in turn be made into speculative scenarios, that highlight a current aspect of a site. The spe-
culation allows for imaginative prototyping. A playful approach to further expand the notion
of what is possible. The power of the utopia lies in its character of being imaginative and
provide possibilities. By being a landscape architect that turns to utopia - you are a dreamer.
By being a dreamer you are also the highest degree of a realist
Små bostadsgårdar stora problem
Get PDFAv FN:s 17 globala mål för hållbar utveckling finns två mål av särskilt intresse för landskapsarkitekturen i kontexten hållbar stadsplanering, mål 11: Hållbara städer och samhällen samt mål 15: Ekosystemtjänster och biologisk mångfald. För att uppnå dessa mål krävs att stadsplanerare hittar långsiktigt hållbara lösningar. Den samtida stadsplaneringens vision om ett hållbart samhälle stavas förtätning, ett stadsbyggnadsideal som präglat den svenska stadsplaneringen i över 40 år. Med förtätade städer följer kompakta bostadsgårdar. I många kommuner tillämpas verktyget grönytefaktor, en räknemodell som hjälper planeringssektorn att tillgodose tillräckligt med ändamålsenliga grönytor på kompakta bostadsgårdar. Men i dagsläget saknas uppföljning, tillika utvärdering, av de bostadsgårdar som gestaltats utifrån denna princip. Å andra sidan finns kunskap att hämta från förvaltningssektorn, vars uppgift är att sköta om och utveckla dessa bostadsgårdar, som en del i ledet av en hållbar stadsutveckling. Genom kvalitativa djupgående intervjuer med representanter från förvaltningssektorn i Uppsala får man ett nytt perspektiv av täthetsidealets och grönytefaktorns effekter. Slutsatsen är att till följd av förtätning och tillämpande av grönytefaktor skapas mångfunktionella bostadsgårdar, vilket leder till en småskalig utformning. Det leder i sin tur till en komplex förvaltning. Detta äventyrar den hållbara stadsutvecklingen. Vidare forskning inom detta område blir viktigt för att finna lösningar på hur samspelet kan stärkas.Of the UN's 17 global goals for sustainable development, there are two goals of particular interest to landscape architecture in the context of sustainable urban planning, goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities and goal 15: Ecosystem services and biodiversity. To achieve these goals, urban planners must find long-term sustainable solutions. Contemporary urban planning's vision of a sustainable society is called densification, an urban planning ideal that has characterized Swedish urban planning for over 40 years. With denser cities comes denser residential courtyards. In many municipalities, the green area factor tool is applied, a model that helps the planning sector to accommodate sufficient, and appropriate, green areas on densified residential courtyards. However, there is currently a lack of follow-up, as well as evaluation, of the residential courtyards designed based on this principle. On the other hand, there is knowledge to be gained from the maintenance sector, whose task is to look after and develop these residential courtyards, as part of the process of sustainable urban development. Through qualitative in-depth interviews with representatives from the maintenance sector in Uppsala, a new perspective is obtained on the effects of the densification ideal and the green space factor. The conclusion is that as a result of densification and application of the green space factor, multifunctional residential courtyards are created, which leads to a small-scale design. This in turn leads to complex management. This endangers sustainable urban development. Further research in this area will be important to find solutions for how the interaction can be strengthened
The integrated effect of Spent mushrooms compost and Trichoderma towards root pathogens
No full textThis study aims to investigate the integrated effect that Trichoderma spp. and water
extract of spent mushroom compost (WESMC) have towards the growth of the root
pathogen Pythium spp. Both Trichoderma spp. and SMC are typical examples of
microorganisms and organic material that are added to soil or other growing substrates
because of their suppressive character.
The study involved a simple In vitro experiment where Trichoderma, Pythium and
WESMC were investigated in six different combinations. The different combinations, or
treatments, were put to grow on four different selective mediums. A viable count was
performed to evaluate the pathogen growth on the Pythium spp. selective media (PSM)
and the growth of Trichoderma evaluates on the Trichoderma spp. selective media
(TSM). Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Malt Extract Agar (MA) was used as selective media
to evaluate the growth of the general bacterial- and fungal flora.
The results indicate that WESMC alone has the ability to inhibit the pathogen growth.
Trichoderma, alone or in combination with WESMC, indicates a lower effect compared
to WESMC alone. The general bacterial- and fungal flora increased in the treatments
that combined Trichoderma, Pythium and WESMC. The results also indicate that more
studies are needed to establish the integrated effect between WESMC and Trichoderma
spp.Det här arbetet har som syfte att undersöka den kombinerade effekten som
Trichoderma spp. och vatten extrakt av spent mushroom compost (WESMC) har på
rotpatogenen Pythium spp. Både Trichoderma spp. och SMC är typiska exempel på
mikroorganismer och organiska material som tillsätts i jord och andra odlingssubstrat på
grund av deras suppressiva karaktär.
Arbetet involverade ett enklare In vitro försök där Trichoderma, Pythium och
vattenextrakt av SMC undersöktes i sex olika kombinationer. De olika kombinationerna
fick växa på fyra olika selektiva medium. En viable count utfördes för att kunna bedöma
den patogena tillväxten på Pythium spp. selektiva medium (PSM). Tillväxt av
Trichoderma bedömdes också på Trichoderma spp. selektiv media (TSM). Tryptic Soy
Agar (TSA) och Malt Extract Agar (MA) användes som selektiv media för att bedöma
tillväxt av den allmänna bakterie- och svampfloran.
Resultatet indikerar att WESMC har förmåga att hämma den patogena tillväxten.
Trichoderma, enskilt eller i kombination med WESMC, indikerar en lägre effekt jämfört
med WESMC. Den allmänna svamp- och bakteriefloran ökade i behandlingar som
kombinerade Trichoderma, Pythium och WESMC. Resultaten indikerar också att mer
studier behöver göras för att helt kunna förstå den integrerade effekten mellan WESMC
och Trichoderma spp
Synen på medborgardialogen?
Get PDFArbete med fokusgrupper, genom medborgardialoger, i gestaltningsprocesser av offentliga utemiljöer är ett verktyg som idag används av landskapsarkitekter. Det finns emellertid inget övergripande ramverk för hur dessa ska genomföras. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka landskapsarkitekters syn på hur gestaltningsprocessen förhåller sig till verktyget fokusgruppsbaserad medborgardialog, samt vilka aspekter från medborgardialogerna som beaktats i ett antal valda gestaltningsprocesser. Intervjuer med fyra landskapsarkitekter som medverkat i fokusgruppsbaserade medborgardialoger ligger till grund för undersökningen. Intervjusvaren diskuteras sedan utifrån vald litteratur som berör både förhållandet mellan gestaltaren, gestaltningsprocessen och dialogen samt medborgardialogens roll i gestaltningsprocessen. Resultat och diskussion inkorporeras därmed i ett avsnitt och visar att samtliga intervjurespondenter uppfattade medborgardialogen som givande men att där också fanns utmaningar. En del av dessa utmaningar anses svåra att undvika i och med hur samhällsplanering idag är uppbyggd, en medvetenhet om detta är positivt då det möjliggör hantering av dem på bästa sätt. Andra utmaningar kan antas ha potential att undvikas om en övergripande struktur över processen utformas. Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att medborgardialoger med en fokusgrupp som ofta inte hörs i offentliga sammanhang är ett viktigt verktyg för landskapsarkitekternas arbete mot jämlika offentliga utemiljöer och bör därför uppmuntras och en övergripande struktur bör utvecklas.Citizen dialogue with focus groups is a method that occurs in design processes of public spaces today. However in this study an overall used framework could not be identified for how these should be executed. The purpose of the study is to investigate landscape architects view on how design processes relates to the instrument of citizen dialogue with a focus group. Additionally which aspects that are considered from the citizen dialogue in a chosen number of design processes. Interviews with four landscape architects that has participated in citizen dialogue with a focus group form the basis of this study. Literature touching both the relationship between the designer, the design process and the dialogue as well as the roll of the citizen dialogue in the design process are used to discuss the answers from the interviews. Thus is the result and discussion assorted and indicates that all interviewees perceived the citizen dialogue as rewarding, at the same time as there were challenges. Some of the challenges are hard to avoid in the way the community planning looks today, this causes for an awareness to be able to handle them in the best way possible. Other challenges can be expected to have the potential to be evaded if an overall structure over the process were to be formed. In conclusion it can be stated that citizen dialogue with focus groups is an important method for landscape architects in their work towards equal sustainable public spaces, it should therefore be encouraged and a development of it’s structure should be worked towards
Designing intermediate community use during Brownfield phytoremediation in the post-industrial urban redevelopment project
Get PDFMalmö, once flourished with industries, has been transitioning since its decline in the 1980s. The
redevelopment of Nyhamnen, one of the post-industrial areas, started in 2018 to accommodate the
expected increasing population until 2050.
The City of Malmö focuses on redeveloping within instead of expanding the city. Land reuse is
efficient; however, there is an issue of contamination from previous industrial use. The risk
classification phase 1 of MIFO, A Methodology for Inventory of Contaminated Areas, divides
brownfields into four categories. The two highly contaminated groups become the target for
remedial actions, and the two less polluted groups are often left behind. It leads to moderately
contaminated sites, the highest in case numbers, being left untouched.
Phytoremediation, in-situ remediation utilising the plant mechanism to absorb or decompose
contamination, is an environmentally and economically friendly method. It may take an extended
application period, depending on the condition. Hence, this thesis investigates phytoremediation's
applicability in a long-term redevelopment plan.
Furthermore, this paper explores the potential of community creation through phytoremediation
and community gardening as an instance of bottom-up initiation. The long-term application of
phytoremediation may allow community development in a newly developing area. Container
community gardening, which does not choose on-site soil conditions, is flexible and contributes to
community formation that individualisation alienated.
Communities in society are fundamental in supporting autonomous behaviour and being active
citizens. By understanding behaviours, sense of place, communication and the supporting system,
Landscape Architecture may encourage forming a space for communities.
A design as an example of intermediate community spatial use during phytoremediation conducts
on the brownfield Medusa 1 in Nyhamnen. There is a potential for phytoremediation’s application
in Nyhamnen, Malmö, in line with the aims of the City of Malmö and the County Administrative
Board of Scania, despite the difficulties of project planning in terms of time and technique.
Community gardening, an example of intermediate use of brownfields, may contribute to
community formation and promote active citizen engagement by supporting their autonomous
behaviour
Kommunal tillsyn som rör plastmaterial i kontakt med livsmedel i Norrköpings kommun
Get PDFI samband med en inspektion i Norrköpings kommun, uppmärksammades att kontroll av material som kommer i kontakt med livsmedel behöver mer kontroll. Via min roll som miljö-/hälsoskyddsinspektör på livsmedelsenheten i Norrköpings kommun initierade jag därför den här studien med syfte att få en övergripande bild av hur väl livsmedelsverksamheter i Norrköping uppfyller lagstiftningens krav när det gäller material och produkter avsedda att komma i kontakt med livsmedel.
I studien kontrollerades 30 livsmedelsverksamheter belägna i Norrköping. Av dessa var 4 grossister, 6 förskolor, 15 serveringar (caféer , pizzerior , restauranger) och 5 mottagningskök. Kontrollen inriktades till stor del på material vars yta kom i direkt kontakt med livsmedel, som exempelvis plastfilmer , plastlådor och plasthandskar.
Vid kontrollen låg fokus på att materialet som användes skulle vara godkänt för den aktuella typen av livsmedel samt att livsmedelsföretagen kunde visa att de hade ett fungerade system för spårbarhet, väl kännedom om lagstiftningar, och hade relevant dokumentation på plats liksom DoC.
Slutsatsen av arbetet är att livsmedelsföretagare i stor utsträckning uppvisar en ganska bra medvetenhet om hur viktigt det är att använda rätt material i kontakt med livsmedel liksom engångshandskar men behövde mer kunskap om återanvändning av plastförpackningar. Resultatet visade att många livsmedelsföretag förlitar sig på att producenterna av materialet som ska komma i kontakt med livsmedel har den kunskap som krävs för att uppfylla gällande lagstiftning och producera säkra material. Många gånger saknade livsmedelsföretagarna relevant dokumentation liksom DoC eller annan dokumentation på plats och var tvungna att kontakta tidigare led, såsom leverantörer för att få denna dokumentation.
Sist, ett informationsblad är skapat åt Norrköpings Kommun. Informationsbladet kommer att vara till hjälp inför kontrollen och specifikt till livsmedelsutövare som använder plastmaterial i kontakt med livsmedel.Concerning the inspection in the municipality of Norrköping, attention was drawn to the fact that the control of materials that come in contact with food needs to be further controlled. Through my role as an environmental/health protection inspector at the food unit in Norrköping municipality, I started this study to get an overall picture of how well food operations in Norrköping meet the requirements of the legislation in terms of materials and products intended to come in contact with food.
In the study, 30 food businesses located in Norrköping were checked. Of these, 4 were wholesalers, 6 preschools, 15 services (cafes, pizzerias, restaurants), and 5 reception kitchens. The control was largely focused on materials whose surfaces came into direct contacts with food, such as plastic films, plastic boxes, and plastic gloves.
During the inspection, the focus was on whether the material used is approved for the type of food in question and whether the food companies could demonstrate that they had a functioning system for traceability, were well aware of legislation, and had relevant documentation in place like DoC.
The work concludes that food entrepreneurs largely show a good awareness of how important it is to use the right materials in contact with food such as disposable gloves but they needed more knowledge about the reuse of plastic packaging. The result showed that many food companies trust that the producers of the material that will come into contact with food have the knowledge required to comply with current legislation and produce safe materials. The food business operators often lacked relevant documentation such as DoC or other documentation in place and had to contact previous levels, such as suppliers, to obtain this documentation.
Finally, an information sheet has been created for Norrköping Municipality. The information sheet will be helpful before the inspection and specifically for food operators who use plastic materials in contact with food
Characterization of Compost from Reusable Industrial Streams:
Get PDFThe increasing global population, combined with soil degradation, poses challenges to food security, and raises concerns about the excessive and long-term use of conventional fertilizers. Evaluating sustainable alternative by-products for their soil-improving properties could offer a potential solution, particularly for Swedish fruit producers who can tap into local waste streams as a circular source of plant nutrients. The main objective of this study is to investigate the quality of a one-year-old compost derived from different ratios of spent mushroom compost (SMC), apple waste and wood chips. As these materials originate from waste streams of agricultural practices, three different compositions were used to assess the individual impacts of the materials on quality. A series of tests were conducted to measure the physical properties, chemical content, and microbial growth to determine the current status of the compost, and its suitability as a fertilizer in fruit production. The study found that no significant difference in physical and microbial quality could be observed, leading to the conclusion that the characteristics of the composted materials had been partly neutralized as an effect of decomposition rates. This suggests that the ratios of the mixed materials did not have a substantial effect on overall compost quality. However, the results of pH and EC measurements showed that the combination of SMC, apple waste and wood chips potentially could stabilize the high salinity levels of SMC after one year. Another finding revealed that there were significant differences in nitrogen concentration, particularly in the treatment with the highest proportions of SMC. This specific treatment demonstrated higher nitrification rates compared to the others. This study aims to lay the groundwork for investigating alternative by-products as potential sources of fertilizer. Further research is required to explore the soil amending qualities of the compost when used as a growing medium, and its effects on apple cultivation. By conducting additional studies in this area, a more thorough understanding of the compost’s potential as a growth medium and its impact on apple crops can be obtained
Olika ekonomiska faktorers betydelse vid investering av solceller kopplat till fjäderfäproduktion
Get PDFMed en ostabil och fluktuerande energimarknad som i sin tur generar en osäker elprismarknad med extrema prisökningar över hela landet gör att ett ökat intresse finns för att investera i solcellsanläggningar i Sverige, speciellt för företag med stort behov av el. Fjäderfäproducenter är en av de branscher som fått se stora elkostnadsökningar då de ofta har ett stort behov av el. Det finns en rad olika solcellsleverantörer att välja på som använder liknande standardiserade dataprogram för att beräkna potentiell produktion och lönsamhet som presenteras i en offert för att göra investeringen mer lukrativ. Offertförslagen som presenteras är inte gjorda för gårdarnas förutsättningar eller tar hänsyn till alla ekonomiska faktorer som påverkar fjäderfäproducenters lönsamhet vid en sådan investering.
Studiens syfte är att identifiera och sammanställa olika ekonomiska faktorer som har en påverkan på investering i en solcellsanläggning kopplat till en fjäderfäproduktion och visa på dess olika betydelser. Studien ska ge ett bättre underlag för fjäderfäproducenter vid eventuellt beslut för investering jämfört med offertkalkyler från solcellsföretag.
Metoden är en litteraturstudie som baserats på fakta som är inhämtat från fallföretag, vetenskapliga artiklar, sakkunniga rådgivare och webbaserade källor. Källorna har använts till att göra LCOE-analys, investeringskalkyl och känslighetsanalys för en 70KW solcellsanläggning med en 100A säkring med spotpriser från framtidsprognos. LCOE-analys är en modell för att beräkna fram produktionskostnad för investeringen under dess livstid.
Studiens resultat visar att storleken på den andel egenanvänd el har en betydande inverkan på investeringens lönsamhet. LCOE-Analysen ger störst indikation på värdet av den egenanvända producerade elen, efter att de ekonomiska faktorerna inkluderats. Som ett exempel är från fallgård 1 ökar break-even spotpriset på investeringen från 0,338kr/kWh till 0,664kr/kWh om egenanvända elen minskar från 75% till 25%. Alla scenarion med olika spotpris och andel egenanvänd el visar på en förlängd återbetalningstid jämfört med offertkalkyl. I det basprisscenariot med den högst troliga framtidsprognosen med 0.65kr/kWh visar kalkylen på en återbetalningstid mellan 13,5-15år med en
hög grad egenanvändning för båda fallgårdar. Det är jämförbart med offertkalkylen som visar en återbetalningstid på 6.28 år som är mycket kortare än basprisscenariot. Graferna i resultatet visar hur liten sannolikhet det är för investeringen att matcha återbetalningstiden från solcellsleverantörernas offertkalkylen, även med en hög andel egenanvänd el då de graferna visar på en återbetalningstid på 7 år.
Slutsatsen för denna studie är att de identifierade ekonomiska faktorer har en betydande påverkan på anläggningens lönsamhet för fjäderfäproducenter och skiljer sig stort mot offertkalkylerna sett till gårdarnas förutsättningar.With an unstable and fluctuating energy market, which in turn generates an uncertain price market with extreme price increases across the country. There is an increased interest in investing in solar energy installations in Sweden, especially for companies with a large need for electricity. Poultry producers are one of the industries that have seen large increases in electricity costs as they often have a large need for electricity. There are a range of solar suppliers to choose from that use similar standardized computer programs to calculate potential output and profitability which is presented in a quote to make the investment more lucrative. The tender proposals presented are not made for the conditions of the farms or consider all economic factors that affect the profitability of poultry producers in such an investment. The purpose of the study is to identify and compile various economic factors that have an impact on investment in solar energy linked to a poultry production and show its various meanings. The study should provide a better basis for poultry producers in case of a possible investment decision compared to quotation calculations from solar cell companies. The method is a literature study based on facts obtained from case companies, scientific articles, expert advisors, and web-based sources. Those sources have been used to do LCOE analysis, investment calculation and sensitivity analysis for a 70KW solar plant with a 100A fuse with spot prices from future forecast. LCOE analysis is a model for calculate the production cost of the investment. The results of the study show that the size of the proportion of self-used electricity has a significant impact on the profitability of the investment. The LCOE analysis gives the greatest indication of the value of the self-produced electricity, after the economic factors have been included. As an example, from case farm 1 the break-even spot price of the investment increases from SEK 0.338/kWh to SEK 0.664/kWh if self-used electricity decreases from 75% to 25%. All scenarios with different spot prices and percentage of self-used electricity show an extended payback period compared to the quote calculation. In the base price scenario with the most likely future forecast of SEK 0.65/kWh, the calculation shows a payback period between 13.5-15 years with a high degree of self-use for both case farms.That’s comparable to the quote calculation showing 6.28 years and a way shorter payback time . The graphs in the result show how little probability there is for the investment to match the payback time from the solar cell providers quote calculation, even with a high percentage of self-used electricity as those graphs show a payback time of 7 years. The conclusion of this study is that the identified economic factors have a significant impact on the facility's profitability for poultry producers and differ greatly from the quotation calculations in terms of the conditions of the farms