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Desain Proyek Asam Perasetat dari Asam Asetat dan Hidrogen Peroksida dengan Katalis Asam Kapasitas 25.000 Ton/tahun
No full textPeracetic acid (PAA) adalah senyawa dengan rumus molekul CH#8323COOOH yang digunakan sebagai disinfektan kuat di bidang medis, pengolahan limbah, serta sebagai agen pemutih dalam industri tekstil dan kertas. Selain itu, PAA juga berfungsi sebagai antiseptik, insektisida, pelarut cat, dan bahan dalam industri makanan serta minyak bumi. PAA dapat diproduksi melalui tiga metode, yaitu oksidasi asetaldehida, oksidasi asetat anhidrat, dan reaksi antara asam asetat dengan hidrogen peroksida menggunakan katalis asam sulfat. Berdasarkan data BPS, kebutuhan PAA pada tahun 2025 diperkirakan mencapai 24.839,627 ton, sehingga dirancang pabrik dengan kapasitas produksi 25.000 ton/tahun
Soluble phosphorus rich compost by aerobic solid-state fermentation of chicken bone-containing food waste with Aspergillus niger
Get PDFOBJECTIVES Food waste is a major issue in solid waste management due to its high volume and rapid accumulation.
Without proper handling, it can cause foul odors, methane
emissions, and health risks. Composting is a common solution but is often slow and limited to certain organic materials.
Bones, a phosphorus-rich food waste, have potential for converting food waste into a valuable fertilizer. METHODS This
study examines composting chicken bones and non-bone
food waste through aerobic solid-state fermentation (SSF)
using Aspergillus niger. The 28-day process at 28 °C was analyzed for pH and nutrient composition. RESULTS Results
showed that Aspergillus niger effectively degraded organic
matter and released phosphorus within a week, producing
compost with high soluble P (2.47 mg P/g). Applying this compost to corn seeds for 7 days resulted in improved growth,
including a 0.8 cm taller stalk, a 0.4 cm thicker stalk, two
more leaves, and a more extensive fibrous root system compared to plants supplemented with naturally composted food
waste. CONCLUSIONS Direct application of food waste led to
stunted growth. These findings highlight Aspergillus nigermediated SSF as an efficient method to convert food waste
into high-quality compost, supporting sustainable agriculture and waste management
Desain Proyek Aluminium Fluorida Anhidrat dari Aluminium Hidroksida dan Asam Fluosilikat Kapasitas Produksi 12.000 Ton/tahun
No full textAluminium fluorida (AlF 3 ) merupakan senyawa kimia berbentuk padatan kristal putih yang kerap kali digunakan sebagai fluxing agent dan katalis dalam proses elektrolisis aluminium untuk membantu menjaga efisiensi proses dan kualitas aluminium yang dihasilkan. Proses pembuatan aluminium fluorida anhidrat dapat dilakukan melalui 3 jenis proses yaitu proses kering, proses basah, dan proses fluorspar. Berdasarkan ketiga proses tersebut, proses basah dipilih karena memiliki suhu operasi yang lebih rendah dengan persentase yield tertinggi dibanding proses lainnya. Selain itu, proses basah tidak memerlukan bantuan katalis untuk bereaksi dan jenis reaktor yang lebih mudah dibandingkan kedua proses lainnya. Produksi aluminium fluorida dengan proses basah dibagi menjadi empat tahapan yaitu tahapan persiapan bahan baku, tahapan reaksi, tahapan pemisahan, dan tahapan pemurnian produk. Pada tahapan persiapan bahan baku, reaktan berupa asam fluosilikat diencerkan terlebih dahulu, sedangkan aluminium hidroksida akan diumpankan ke dalam rotary dryer I sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor. Kemudian kedua aliran diumpankan ke reaktor dengan kondisi suhu 98°C, 1 atm yang dilengkapi dengan jaket dan media pemanas berupa steam . Setelah melalui tahap reaksi, produk AlF 3 yang terbentuk dialirkan menuju centrifuge I untuk dipisahkan dari pengotornya. Cake berupa padatan SiO 2 dimasukan ke rotary dryer II, sedangkan cairan akan alirkan ke crystallizer untuk membentuk kristal AlF 3 .3H 2 O, kemudian diumpankan menuju centrifuge II. Kristal AlF 3 .3H 2 O dimasukkan kedalam rotary kiln untuk memperoleh padatan AlF 3 anhidrat, kemudian padatan AlF 3 akan didinginkan dalam ruangan pendingi
Desain Proyek Formaldehid dari Metanol dan Oksigen Melalui Proses Oksidasi dan Dehidrogenasi Kapasitas 55.000 Ton/tahun
No full textFormaldehid atau metanal adalah suatu senyawa kimia organik dengan rumus molekul CH2O yang dapat larut dalam air dan alkohol. Formaldehid umumnya dijual dalam bentuk larutan formaldehid dalam air yang dikenal sebagai formalin. Senyawa ini umum digunakan sebagai bahan baku produksi resin termoset, serta sebagai bahan desinfektan dan pengawet spesimen biologis.
Produksi formaldehid dilakukan dengan proses katalis perak karena proses ini memiliki persentase yield formaldehid lebih tinggi dan katalis lebih mudah diregenerasi dibandingkan katalis proses Formox. Formaldehid terbentuk dari reaksi oksidasi dan dehidrogenasi antara metanol dan oksigen di fixed bed reactor berjaket. Formaldehid yang terbentuk kemudian akan dipisahkan dari produk reaktor lainnya menggunakan menara absorpsi dan menara distilasi.
Rancangan pabrik formaldehid ini memiliki kapasitas produksi 55.000 ton/tahun dengan waktu operasi 330 hari/tahun. Pabrik direncanakan berdiri di Bontang, Kalimantan Timur dengan luas lahan sebesar 10.000 m2. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi yang telah dilakukan diperoleh break even point sebesar 46,1076, return on equity sebesar 54,65, internal rate of return sebesar 35,67, dan payout time sebesar 3,077 tahun sejak startup. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, pabrik formaldehid ini dinyatakan layak untuk didirikan
Dampak Overall Service Quality Dalam Meningkatkan Kepuasan Pelanggan Fashion E-Commerce Di Indonesia
Get PDFE-commerce or electronic commerce, involves the online buying and selling of goods and services, linking businesses with consumers. This study explores how various elements of fashion e-commerce service quality affect customer perceptions and satisfaction. Higher satisfaction levels in e-commerce often result in increased customer retention. Utilizing the SERVQUAL model, the research evaluated service quality by examining factors related to information and system quality. Surveys were conducted among Indonesian adults from September to October 2024, with data analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. The results revealed significant correlations between reliability and responsiveness in fashion e-commerce service quality. Additionally, system qualities were strongly linked to overall service excellence. The findings emphasize that perceived service quality is vital for customer satisfaction and their revisit intention. Key factors influencing service quality included reliability, interactivity, and ease of use. To enhance quality perception and foster user trust, e-commerce managers should adopt advanced technologies. The study concludes with suggestions for future research
Pengaruh Website Design E-Commerce Home Product Terhadap Customer Satisfaction Di Indonesia
Get PDFThe rapid growth of E-commerce in Indonesia has changed consumer shopping habits, particularly for household products. E-commerce offers the convenience of shopping without visiting offline stores. However, the research on the impact of e-commerce website design on customer satisfaction in the household product sector remains limited. This study aims to analyze the effects of website design, information quality, security, responsiveness, and trust on customer satisfaction. A quantitative approach is used, involving 374 respondents who have purchased household products online in the past six months in platforms like IKEA, Ace Hardware, or Informa. The data was collected via Google Forms and was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart PLS 4 software. The results indicate that website design, information quality, responsiveness, and trust significantly impact customer satisfaction, while security does not. Based on these findings, E-commerce companies in Indonesia are advised to improve website design, enhance information quality, and offer responsive customer service to boost customer satisfactio
University-Industry Collaboration and Innovation Performance: Evidence from the University of Surabaya in Indonesia
Get PDFThe Indonesian government, through the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemdikbudristek) has introduced the Matching Fund (MF) program. MF is a concrete form of government support and intervention to create collaboration and strategic synergy between higher education institutions (universities) and industry. This study aims to investigate and analyze various forms of collaboration and interaction between universities and industry and their impact on innovation performance in the Matching Fund (MF) program. This study uses an interpretive qualitative methodology with eight (8) case studies of the MF program at the University of Surabaya, Indonesia, during the period2021 to 2023. The results of the study show that the forms of interaction that occur are very diverse, ranging from informal to very formal interactions. This study also shows that the number and form of interactions are not influenced by the duration of the collaboration. The variety of forms of interaction is more determined by the quality of the company and university leaders, good relationships and mutual trust between the two parties, good relationships, coordination, and communication between the persons in charge (PICs) of the two parties. Furthermore, the results of the study show that the MF program provides direct innovation outcome (DIO) and indirect innovation outcome (IIO) results for companies. On the other hand, the MF university-industry collaboration program also provides positive results for the universities in terms of DIO and IIO, but not all university-industry collaboration projects provide maximum results for academic innovation (AI). The duration of cooperation, mutual trust,and goodcoordination and communication between the persons in charge (PICs) of the two partiesall have a greater influence on AI
Pelatihan “How to Build Resilience at Work” pada KaryawanPuskesmas Xdi Mojokerto
Get PDFUPT Puskesmas X merupakan puskesmas di Mojokerto dengan akreditasi tertinggi, yaitu “paripurna”. Namun, para karyawan menghadapi tantangan dalam pekerjaan, seperti membimbing pegawai baru, menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan regulasi, serta beban kerja yangtinggi, yang berdampak pada penurunan performa kerja dan kualitas pelayanan. Hal ini berpotensi menghambat pencapaian visi dan misi puskesmas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan resiliensi karyawan melalui pelatihan bertahap yang menggunakan metode ceramah, tugas individu, diskusi kelas, permainan, dan sesi berbagi pengalaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen one group pretest-posttestuntuk mengukur efektivitas pelatihan. Evaluasi juga dilengkapi dengan wawancara Kepala Tata Usaha guna mengetahui dampak perilaku pascapelatihan. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan resiliensi pada para karyawan. Sebagian besar peserta mampu mempertahankan peningkatan tersebut hingga dua minggu setelah pelatihan. Selain itu, hasil wawancara juga menunjukkan perubahan positif dalam perilaku kerja, seperti komunikasi yang lebih terbuka dan kemampuan mengelola emosi yang lebih baik. Dengan demikian, pelatihan ini terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan resiliensi karyawan dan mendukung kemampuan merekauntuk tetap tenang, adaptif, dan berdaya dalam menghadapi tekanan di tempat kerja
Kajian Pembentukan Dispersi Padat Atenolol Menggunakan Metode Freeze Drying
No full textAtenolol is a selective β1-adrenoblocker drug used to treat cardiovascular conditions such
as hypertension and angina pectoris. However, atenolol has low solubility and permeability, which can
limit its oral bioavailability. One effective method to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of drugs
with low solubility is through the formation of solid dispersions. Solid dispersions involve drug carriers
in an inert matrix in the solid state, which can increase the solubility and stability of the drug. The freeze
drying (lyophilization) method is used in the preparation of atenolol solid dispersions to avoid thermal
decomposition and produce homogeneous molecular dispersions. Characterization of the resulting solid
dispersions includes morphological analysis, identification of functional groups, crystallinity properties,
thermal analysis, particle size, particle size distribution, and zeta potential. Various previous studies have
shown that solid dispersions can significantly increase the solubility and dissolution rate of atenolol