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A new instrument prototype for aerosol light absorption measurements
Get PDFThe prototype for an innovative instrument has been built and validated at the Department of Physics, University of Genoa. The purpose of the instrument is to measure the light absorption properties of atmospheric aerosol sampled on a filtering support, over a wide spectral range with a high wavelength resolution. The preliminary tests of the prototype have been carried out on aerosol produced in an atmospheric simulation chamber. The performance of the prototype has been validated against the previously assessed Multi Wavelength Absorbance Analyzer (MWAA), with a scatter plot slope of A = 0.95 ± 0.03, and a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.97. Preliminary results show the data analysis possibilities that an instrument with a high spectral resolution can offer
Measurement of surface respiration: An IoT approach
Get PDFThis study investigates an approach to measuring surface gas fluxes based on the Internet of Things technology. A wireless self-powered, low-cost, low- power, cloud-connected device is designed to record humidity and carbon dioxide concentrations at multiple points. The manuscript describes the concept and reali- sation of the device, the hardware chosen and the data communication chain. The manuscript also discusses a preliminary evaluation of the performances of the pro- totype in a controlled environment, together with major strengths and limitations
Sex and gender optometry: From retinal design to stereopsis
Get PDFScientific research in optometry aims to increase the ability to predict optical effects induced by lens fitting, allowing us to understand how geometrical concepts and physical phenomena translate into perceptual responses. It is possible, for instance, to investigate how differential perspective affects three-dimensional perception, indeed the ocular parallax error, that occurs as the eyes are separated horizontally by a certain distance (DAV), allows for the depth interval between two object points to be appreciated and transferred to the retina. In a study conducted at the University of Turin, the DAVs measured on a group of students were compared with the students’ stereo acuity values, with the aim of highlighting whether female subjects, whose DAVs are smaller than those of men, actually have less sense of depth. The measurement protocol and the results obtained will be explained. The research perspective is the parameterization of optometric tests to take into account differences due to gender, in order to detect any abnormalities more accurately
Single-tear proteomics for noninvasive biomarker discovery and precision medicine
Get PDFIn the last decades, the lacrimal fluid has gained increasing interest as a potential source of biomarkers, thanks to its accessibility, moderate complex- ity, and responsiveness to physiopathological conditions. Despite the still limited number of studies, tear investigation, in particular single-tear analysis, could of- fer unique contributions to the identification of noninvasive and easily accessible biomarkers, and to the development of a feasible approach to precision medicine. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has led to promising approaches to tear proteomics, despite the intrinsic limitations in the sam- ple amounts that can be collected. By ultrahigh-resolution, shotgun proteomics, we developed an effective analytical pipeline for single-tear analysis and we analyzed the tear fluid of 23 healthy volunteers, achieving high-confidence identification of 890 proteins. This study demonstrates the feasibility of single-tear quantitative pro- teomics, highlighting the unique contributions that this unconventional body fluid can offer to personalized approaches in biomedicine
The SISN Training on Neutron Techniques (TNT) Advanced Schools
Get PDFSince 2012, the Italian Society of Neutron Spectroscopy has been or- ganizing Advanced Summer Schools on neutron scattering techniques for the study of condensed and soft matter. They are open to Graduate and PhD and to Post- Docs and researchers working in scientific disciplines as Biology, Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Material Sciences, Physics, Sciences for Cultural Heritage Conservation, and similar. After a first three-year cycle focused on Neutron Diffraction and Reflec- tometry (2012), Inelastic Scattering (2013) and Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Neutron Imaging (2013), in 2015, the Schools were devoted to Neutron Scattering applied to Polymer Systems, again to Inelastic Scattering in 2016, to Neutron Scat- tering Data Handling, Numerical Methods, Statistical and Computational Tools in 2018, to Neutrons and Muons for Magnetism in 2019 and, finally, to Applications of X-rays and Neutron Scattering in Biology in 2020. The current project is a three- year program called Training on Neutron Techniques (TNT). Here, a brief summary of the 2022 edition focused on structural properties is reported
L'Acqua e gli Etruschi. Casi studio dall'Etruria meridionale. Atti del I convegno, 21-23 marzo 2023, Grotte di Castro
Get PDFIl presente volume, L’Acqua e gli Etruschi. Casi di studio dall’Etruria meridionale, costituisce gli atti del primo convegno tenutosi a Grotte di Castro (VT) nel marzo 2023, organizzato nell’ambito del progetto finanziato con fondi del PNRR/MiC/Attrattività dei borghi storici ottenuti dall’Amministrazione comunale, intitolato “Scenari nuovi per borgo e territori antichi. Una comunità immagina il suo futuro” (2023-2025), nel quale l’Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale-ISPC del CNR è partner. Il convegno scientifico è solo uno degli eventi che si sono svolti nelle tre giornate (21-23 marzo), incentrati sul borgo storico di Grotte di Castro e organizzati dall’ISPC. L’obiettivo del progetto è quello di focalizzare l’attenzione sul borgo e sulla sua stratificazione storica: materiale (dalla pietra tufacea alla terra cruda); idrogeologica, relativamente al sistema delle acque e delle cavità/grotte; culturale, con lo sguardo rivolto al patrimonio archeologico, prevalentemente etrusco ma non solo, architettonico e urbano, nonché paesaggistico e sociale. Su questi temi si sono concentrati i diversi laboratori realizzati in loco, il convegno e le visite/passeggiate di coprogettazione, come si evince dal programma qui di seguito allegato, con l’obiettivo di promuovere la valorizzazione culturale e l’ampia partecipazione sociale e cittadina
From the Itinerarium Antonini and al-Idrisi to the movecost plugin: road network analysis in the Castronovo di Sicilia area
Get PDFThe area of Castronovo di Sicilia was analysed by integrating different methodologies. In terms of the road network, it was decided to compare information from traditional written sources, such as the Itinerarium Antonini and texts from the Arab geographer al-Idrisi, with the results of the Least-Cost Path Analysis (LCPA) conducted using the QGIS plugin movecost. The primary objective of this analysis was to evaluate how the centrality of the Castronovo area was determined by environmental factors that made it easily accessible along the main long-distance routes connecting the island. At the same time, the analysis aimed to highlight similarities and differences between the written sources and the LCPA results
Shaping a juridical district: a postdictive approach
Get PDFHow can we study the making of a medieval juridical space? Which were the agents that affected more? We try to answer to these questions thanks to a postdictive approach. We applied the QGIS algorithms to model the potential political space. We used several agents to get different outcomes. We tried both environmental and human agents to avoid the more deterministic side of this approach. We focused on the plain of Lucca in Northern Tuscany to study the making and development of its bishopric. Then we turned to the southern side of this region to study the district of a castle already excavated and whose territory is known quite well: Selvena. In this last example, we applied a regressive procedure, starting from the 19th century communities boundaries and making hypotheses about the relationship with medieval districts. This procedure can be applied to any context where a certain amount of data is available
Developing a digital archaeology classification system using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning techniques
Get PDFThe Authors propose a knowledge map to analyse and access scientific contents related to Digital Archeology by leveraging various Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The case study concerns the articles published in our international journal «Archeologia e Calcolatori» in the decade from 2011 to 2020 and, as a benchmark, the publications in the ‘Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology’ (CAA) conference proceedings and journal. The titles and abstracts of the publications featured in these two data sets were analysed using a supervised classification approach into the subfields of computer science, based on the ACM’s taxonomy, and by applying topic modelling techniques to discover emergent topics, Named Entity Recognition to identify specific archaeologically relevant entities, and geotagging techniques to link articles with the geographical locations they discuss. The results achieved, although preliminary, provide some methodological suggestions: i) the opportunity to build custom analyses by taking advantage of the increasing availability of open data and metadata; ii) the scope of the contribution of archaeology, and in particular of computational archaeology, to the Heritage Science interdisciplinary domain; the heuristic and predictive role of different ML techniques to gain a multi-faceted access to data analysis and interpretation