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A novel optical imaging system for the LAr detector GRAIN
Full text linkThe Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment will be a next
generation neutrino oscillation long-baseline accelerator experiment exploiting Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers with the aim of determining the still unknown neutrino oscillation parameters, observing proton decay and detecting supernova neutrinos. GRAIN (GRanular Argon for Interactions of Neutrinos) is the Liquid Argon detector of SAND (System for on-Axis Neutrino Detection), which is part of the DUNE Near Detector complex. SAND is expected to significantly decrease uncertainties related to neutrino flux and cross-sections, to monitor the beam stability, and to investigate various neutrino interactions models, constraining at the
same time nuclear effects. GRAIN will serve as a Liquid Argon target for detecting neutrinos and low-energy particles, ensuring cross-calibration with the other Near
Detector components. The novel GRAIN system is designed to reconstruct charged particle tracks using the detection of LAr scintillation light by an optical system optimised for the Vacuum Ultra-Violet. Two options for the optical system are currently being studied: coded aperture masks and optical lenses, both coupled to a SiPM matrix. The readout, which is currently under development, will be performed
through a 1024-channel ASIC, able to read 32x32 SiPM matrices in LAr
Atmospheric muons for non-invasive research at the Palazzone Etruscan necropolis in Perugia (Italy)
Full text linkThrough a measurement of atmospheric muons transmission in matter it is possible to study the internal structure of objects in terms of average density. The technique is called “transmission muography” and represents a real imaging
technique that allows, in a non-invasive way, to identify and locate any anomalies within the structure studied. In this work, an application of the transmission muography technique to an Etruscan necropolis for the non-invasive search of unknown tombs will be presented. The technique was applied to an area of the Palazzone necropolis (Perugia-Italy) not yet completely explored by archaeologists, providing, from a single muographic measurement, important information on the presence and location of possible others underground tombs
Preliminary results on monolithic CMOS sensors with gain layer in 110 nm technology for the ALICE 3 experiment
Full text linkMonolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) benefit from a cost-effective implementation as they make use of commercial CMOS process, avoiding expensive interconnections to additional front-end ASIC. The ARCADIA collaboration has developed Fully-Depleted MAPS exploiting backside bias voltage to fully deplete the sensor, thereby enhancing charge collection efficiency and timing performance. Recent advancements have explored the introduction of a gain layer in MAPS to design a first monolithic LGAD prototype targeting 20 ps time resolution. The signal multiplication results in a higher signal-to-noise ratio and improved time resolution. This work illustrates preliminary characterization results of monolithic LGAD prototypes with an additional gain layer, based on a 110 nm CMOS technology developed in collaboration with LFoundry for the third run of the ARCADIA project
Development of a multivariate analysis for the study of the production of a W boson in association with 2 b-jets with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC
Full text linkThis study investigates the production of a W boson in association with two b-jets in proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. A Neural Network approach is optimized to suppress the huge top-quark background, marking a step toward the first differential cross-section measurement of this process. The analysis is based on Monte Carlo simulations emulating the dataset collected by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV. The study assumes an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1, corresponding to the full Run-2 dataset
Riforma del Consiglio di Sicurezza delle Nazioni Unite: sfide e opportunità
Full text linkLa riforma del Consiglio di Sicurezza delle Nazioni Unite (CdS) è una delle questioni più dibattute nella sfera politica e diplomatica internazionale da almeno tre decenni. L’attuale composizione del CdS si deve ad un assetto geopolitico superato, che non riflette le realtà politiche, demografiche ed economiche odierne. Inoltre, il potere di veto dei membri permanenti è utilizzato per motivi di interesse nazionale, bloccando risoluzioni cruciali. La mancanza di rappresentatività e l’abuso del veto minano l’efficacia e la legittimità del CdS, rendendolo incapace di rispondere adeguatamente alle sfide globali. Questo policy brief, sulla base del corrente dibattito, discute le proposte volte a migliorare la funzionalità del CdS: espandere il numero dei membri per includere rappresentanti di regioni sottorappresentate e organizzazioni internazionali, limitare l’uso del veto e aumentare la trasparenza e la responsabilità degli stati membri eletti, richiedere ai componenti di agire nell’interesse generale e non in quello del proprio stato. Inoltre, si suggerisce di coinvolgere le organizzazioni regionali, come l’Unione Europea e l’Unione Africana, per rafforzare la legittimità e l’autorevolezza del CdS. Questi cambiamenti potrebbero migliorare significativamente la rappresentatività e l’efficienza del CdS, rendendolo un attore centrale nella risoluzione delle crisi globali. Un CdS più inclusivo e democratico rappresenterebbe un passo fondamentale per garantire una governance multilaterale efficace e reattiva alle nuove sfide globali
Probing particle production and transport in small collision systems with ALICE
Full text linkMany recent measurements in small collision systems such as pp and p–Pb collisions show signs of collective behavior of produced particles. The two particle number and transverse momentum (differential) correlators and charged particle balance function measurements in Pb–Pb collisions provided valuable information about the particle production mechanisms and their time evolution as well as about the transport properties of the created medium, such as the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density. Thus, these correlation functions have a great potential to help by disentangling the particle production mechanisms and the origin of the collective-like behavior in small collision systems. The two-particle correlation functions and the charged-particle balance function are presented in pp and
p–Pb collisions at different energies. Their widths are compared with those from Pb–Pb collisions showing the evolution of the correlation functions with the charged
particle multiplicity. The results are compared with different Monte Carlo models, such as PYTHIA, DPMJET, and HIJING. Moreover, the first measurement of these correlation functions in pp collisions at √s=13.6 TeV, collected during Run 3, are presented. The large data set enables for a significant reduction of statistical uncertainties
Geant4 simulations for the cross-talk probability contributions in the new correlator NArCoS
Full text linkThe target of the ANCHISE project is the development of a new detection system able to detect with high angular and energy resolution neutrons and light-charged particles at the same time. The idea is to use the new-generation of plastic scintillators EJ276-G coupled with a SiPM photosensor as the elementary detection cell of a segmented multidetector. In the present contribution, we analyzed the data obtained simulating two geometrical configurations of the elementary cell with the GEANT4 toolkit, in order to study the cross-talk probability as a function of the incident neutron energy and of the detection threshold. The present study was preparatory for the CROSSTEST experiment
Cibo e invecchiamento attivo. Una riflessione condivisa per raccomandazioni di policy inclusive
Full text linkPer comprendere la complessità dell’invecchiamento attivo e in salute, è fondamentale promuovere il dialogo e il confronto tra discipline. Il progetto NUTRAGE, grazie ai numerosi Istituti partner e al suo approccio
interdisciplinare, rappresenta un’opportunità per favorire
queste interazioni e stimolare la riflessione tra ricercatori e stakeholder. Le raccomandazioni di policy qui presentate nascono all’interno delle scienze sociali dall’integrazione delle prospettive giuridiche, economiche e sociali. La riflessione condivisa ha messo in evidenza la
necessità di considerare i bisogni degli anziani nel loro essere categoria non omogenea sia come anziani sia come consumatori. Ha mostrato come la relazione tra cibo e anziani possa avere diverse manifestazioni — l’acquisto, il consumo individuale e condiviso, la produzione — che presentano tutte delle criticità e delle opportunità nella sfida dell’invecchiamento della popolazione. Ha concluso che l’invecchiamento attivo e in salute è frutto dell’integrazione di pratiche sane negli ambiti dell’alimentazione, dell’attività fisica, dell’ambiente di vita e di relazione. La presente riflessione vuole dare un contributo alla definizione di politiche e strategie che mettano al centro la persona anziana in una prospettiva inclusiva caratterizzata da una tale complessità
The NUSES space mission
Full text linkThe NUSES space mission aims to explore cosmic and gamma rays, high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, the Sun-Earth environment, space weather, and magnetosphere-ionosphere-lithosphere coupling (MILC). Additionally, NUSES aims to pave the way for future missions by testing new technologies and observational strategies. The satellite will carry two payloads: Terzina and Zir` e. Zir`e will measure the flux of electrons, protons, and light nuclei from a few to hundreds of MeV and evaluate new tools for detecting cosmic MeV photons and monitoring MILC signals. Terzina will monitor near-UV and visible light emissions from the Earth’s limb to test the detection of Cherenkov light from extensive air showers produced by UHERCs or Earth-skimming high-energy neutrinos. This work will cover the current status of NUSES project design and its scientific and technological objectives