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In search of the keys of deep understanding: Physics education research in Pavia
Get PDFIn this paper we present recent work of the physics education group at the University of Pavia, some of which in collaboration with other researchers. The unifying trait of research in Pavia, which the present paper aims to clarify, is its focus on conceptual understanding from a wide perspective, including the design of teaching-learning sequences, studies on teacher professional development, conceptual change research. We discuss three different examples of research directions, all concerning work performed in the past two years
Cybercriminalité et pluralisation du policing : la cyber threat intelligence en question
Get PDFCet article vise à interroger le rôle joué par le secteur privé dans la lutte contre la cybercriminalité, en se focalisant
notamment sur l’émergence de nouvelles stratégies fondées sur des modes d’action proactifs visant à la collecte de
renseignements. Une attention particulière sera accordée à la cyber threat intelligence (CTI), une expression utilisée pour décrire
un processus et un produit résultant de la collecte, l’analyse et l’interprétation de différents types de données dans l’objectif
de fournir des connaissances permettant d’évaluer la nature et les caractéristiques des « cybermenaces ». Particulièrement
développée par les acteurs privés de la cybersécurité, la CTI est un outil d’aide à la décision qui soulève plusieurs questions
quant à sa définition, à la méthodologie utilisée et à la portée des résultats obtenus
Status and physics results of the KM3NeT experiment
No full textThe KM3NeT submarine telescopes, currently under construction in the depths of the Mediterranean Sea, will enable the study of the Universe using neutrinos, the most elusive subatomic particles, as probe to investigate the depths of the Cosmos. KM3NeT-ARCA will study galactic and extra-galactic sources of very high energy neutrinos, thus operating in the field of the so-called “multi-messenger
astronomy”. The detection of neutrinos from an astrophysical source can provide important information on the emission mechanisms of these objects. KM3NeTORCA will instead deal with a basic physics study: the mass hierarchy of neutrinos.
This contribution will describe the components of the two detectors and the first measurements carried out. In addition, the sensitivities of KM3NeT for several
fundamental measurements will be described, such as cosmic neutrino fluxes from diffuse and point-like astrophysical sources and neutrino mass ordering
Is the (g − 2)μ anomaly a threat to lepton flavor conservation?
No full textAlthough the (g − 2)μ anomaly can be explained by New Physics (NP) involving only muons, a more general flavor structure is usually expected for NP operators in the Standard Model (SM) Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). In
particular, if one wants to provide a combined explanation of several beyond the SM effects, like Lepton Flavor Universality (LFU) Violation, as indicated by the B
anomalies, then a strong alignment of the NP operators in flavor space is required to satisfy the bounds from observables featuring Lepton Flavor Violation (LFV), like
μ → eγ. We derived the tight bound of 10−5 on the flavor angle in the dipole operator in the charged-lepton mass basis in the SMEFT. We found that misalignment in several operators at high-scale could spoil the alignment at low-scale, through the Renormalization Group Evolution (RGE) of the SMEFT. In particular, it imposes constraints on some 4-fermions operators. We explored dynamical mechanisms as
well as flavor symmetries to explain this flavor alignment, and illustrated the difficulty to reach it in an explicit NP model. If the (g − 2)μ anomaly is confirmed, the only natural explanation seems to lie in the individual lepton number conservation. If this accidental symmetry of the SM is also present in higher-order terms in the SMEFT, we are led to conclude that quark and lepton sectors behave quite
differently beyond the SM. This proceeding is based on arXiv:2111.13724
Rare decays and tests of lepton universality at LHCb
No full textRecent studies on the semileptonic decays of heavy-quark hadrons at the LHCb experiment are presented. The excellent LHCb physics reach allows to study the meson and baryon decays, probe very rare transitions, and perform tests of lepton universality
Towards matching effective theories efficiently
No full textSeparation of scales in quantum field theories is essential when studying the low-energy phenomenology of a given UV model. To this end, it is necessary to construct an effective field theory containing only the light degrees of
freedom and matching it to the full theory, ensuring that both describe the same low-energy dynamics. Performing this matching beyond the leading order is crucial, as a great number of observables, like FCNC, only appear at the loop level in the Standard Model and in many new physics scenarios. One possibility to obtain the low-energy theory is by integrating out the heavy particles from the full theory using path integral techniques. We review this functional matching procedure at the oneloop level and discuss common challenges involved in determining the matching conditions for effective theories. Due to the great diversity of beyond the Standard Model theories and the complexity of the matching computations, an automation of
this procedure is desirable. On this matter, we present the ongoing effort to develop the Mathematica package Matchete facilitating the fully automatic matching for a broad range of theories. When completed, this will significantly simplify the analysis of the low-energy phenomenology of beyond the Standard Model physics
Innovative deep neural networks resizing for FPGA implementation in future collider experiments
Get PDFFuture collider experiments are expected to produce thousands of ExaBytes of data per year, and it will become impractical to maintain old trigger schemes to preserve data for offline analysis. Deep Neural Networks offer a great
opportunity to take fast and accurate decisions, but it is essential to employ Deep Learning algorithms online at the early stage of event selection, taking advantage of FPGAs. In order to optimize Deep Neural Networks under size limits to accommodate resources of FPGAs, we developed a novel pruning technique. The proposed method can reduce the overall sizes of neural networks by pruning unnecessary
nodes, with the network final dimensions determined by the user
Measurements on triple-GEM detectors with highly segmented readout board in test beam
Get PDFA Low EMittance Muon Accelerator scheme (LEMMA) has been
proposed for the future Muon Collider. This solution provides muon beams through the reaction e+e− → μ+μ−. In this context, a test beam campaign was planned to detect the two narrow collimated muon beams and measure their intensity and emittance. Such a measurement requires detectors with high spatial resolution (O(100 μm)) to track the produced muon beams. In the setup, we propose to include triple
GEMdetectors with digital readout capable of reaching spatial resolution below 100 μm. This article shows the performance studies, in terms of efficiency and spatial
resolution, held on small size prototypes of triple-GEM detector with a special read out board during the RD51 Test Beam held in October 2021
Rapporto sulle attività svolte durante la compagna oceanografica SEAGMA2023 (09 marzo - 16 marzo 2023)
Get PDFVengono presentate le attività svolte e i risultati preliminari della campagna geologica, geochimica e
microbiologica SeaGMA2023 svoltasi dal 09-03-2023 al 16-03-2023 nel mare Tirreno meridionale con la
Nave da Ricerca R/V Dallaporta. L’obiettivo principale della campagna è stato l’esecuzione di campionamenti
sistematici dei sedimenti di fondo e di acque marine, su grigliato regolare. I campioni di sedimento sono stati
prelevati mediante Box Corer con risoluzione stratigrafica di circa 20 cm. I campioni di acqua di mare sono
stati prelevati mediante bottiglia Niskin e rappresentano profondità specifiche della colonna d’acqua nello
stesso sito di campionamento dei sedimenti. Le operazioni di bordo hanno permesso di ottenere campioni
solidi e liquidi come backup delle condizioni del fondale e per le successive analisi di laboratorio geochimico
e microbiologico, incluso lo studio delle comunità della meiofauna nei sedimenti. Le attività scientifiche a
bordo includono la valutazione geologica, stratigrafica e minerogenica (e.g., geochimica, tessiturale e
mineralogica preliminare), la misura dei parametri chimici fondamentali (pH, Eh, temperatura) delle acque,
la sub-campionatura e la preparazione dei campioni per la conservazione
Dark Matter detection with the COSINUS experiment
Get PDFUsing a NaI target is essential to test the long-standing
DAMA/LIBRA claim of the detection of a Dark Matter (DM) signal in a model independent way. COSINUS is developing the first cryogenic scintillating calorimeter based on a NaI absorber. This technique provides an event-by-event particle
identification strategy based on a dual-channel readout (heat and light). An excellent energy resolution and a low threshold are essential for a direct detection DMexperiment. In this regard, Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) are an established technology that has already proven its potential in other leading cryogenic DM experiments (like CRESST-III). However, the hygroscopicity of NaI prevents the deposition of the TES sensor directly onto its surface, which would guarantee optimal thermal coupling. For this reason, COSINUS adopted an alternative design for the heat channel readout, called remoTES, which is currently in the R&D phase and has already shown promising results (in terms of energy threshold and resolution) when tested on various absorbers (Si, TeO2)