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Report on new Forest Management Practices (FMP) in forest models and implications for land cover change parametrisation in climate models D2.2
Get PDFModelling is a valuable analytical tool for understanding ecosystem dynamics, assessing future scenarios, and making informed decisions, particularly crucial for forest ecosystems due to the long-life cycle of trees. In WP2 of the OptFor-EU project, various model types, including forest, climate, and land surface vegetation models, are used to simulate forest dynamics. Modelling is applied to specific forest areas, including individual stands or spatial pixels. One of the central aspects of the OptFor-EU project, including this deliverable, is the development of new Forest Management Practices (FMPs). The existing FMPs, such as Business as Usual (BAU) and No Management (NOM), outlined in the deliverable D2.1 - Forest Management Practices and their relevance in case study areas (Neumann et al., 2023), will serve as a basis for incorporating new management schemes within model runs. More specifically, D2.1 provided rules for observed thinning and final harvesting for each CSA and EFT. D2.1 represents current FMPs and a review of the contributions of EFT, to identify the most frequent forests in the CSA, based on covered area. Since most European forests are managed (FOREST EUROPE 2020), defining FMPs is crucial. Therefore, any model aiming to produce accurate and unbiased results should incorporate management activities. The objectives of D2.2 are (1) to implement both current and new Forest Management Practices (FMPs) within two forest models to evaluate the role of forest management under various climate change scenarios, and (2) to examine the implications of FMPs for land cover change parameterization, identifying optimal integration approaches between forest and climate models.
The present deliverable reports on new forest management practices in the Case Study Areas (CSAs) of OptFor-EU, their relevance under different climate scenarios, and the implications for land cover parameterization in climate models.
The first section includes the context of this deliverable. The second section includes 1) brief descriptions of the forest models used (i.e., PICUS and 3D-CMCC-FEM); 2) the data needed to initialize the models; 3) the simulation protocol adopted for simulations; and, 3) the European Forest Types (EFT) with the respective descriptions of Forest Management Practices (FMP) for the three preliminary analyzed CSAs (i.e., Austria, Romania and Italy). The third section of the deliverable reports preliminary results from forest model runs, comparing diverse FMP at the stand level and for different age classes and the effects of climate change scenarios, and including various forest management options at the regional level. The fourth section describes the integration of land cover parameterization and FMP into climate models (i.e., REMO-iMOVE and RegCM) by adapting land cover parameterization and creating new plant functional types (PFT). The fifth section briefly describes the link between forest and climate models. It outlines various approaches to integrate forest dynamics into climate simulations, accenting the importance of accurately representing forest characteristics and management practices.
The final sixth part is a synthesis and summary of the next steps
Measuring the leptonic Dirac CP phase with DUNE + μTHEIA
Get PDFWe explore the possibility of using the recently proposed THEIA detector to measure the ¯ νμ → ¯ νe oscillation with neutrinos from a muon decay at rest (μDAR) source to improve the leptonic CP phase measurement. Due to its intrinsic low-energy beam, this μTHEIA configuration (μDAR neutrinos at THEIA) is only sensitive to the genuine leptonic CP phase δD and not contaminated by the matter effect. We find that the combination with the high-energy DUNE can significantly reduce the CP uncertainty, especially around the maximal CP violation case δD = ±90◦
The necropolis as a landscape of power: some reflections
Get PDFThis paper focuses on some methodological approaches specific to digital archaeology in the analysis of a particular type of landscape, namely Etruscan-Italic necropolises. First, it highlights the interpretation of a necropolis as a landscape of ancestors and the importance of material and immaterial practices in the formation of such a space. Then it addresses the theoretical framework of phenomenological landscape analysis, developed in recent decades by C. Tilley, as a privileged way to address both aspects. In order to reconcile the phenomenological approach to landscape with the use of digital spatial technologies, which according to Tilley are insufficient because they are at best ‘representations’ of landscape, A. De Guio’s reading of the Powerscape concept is introduced. De Guio presents various spatial analysis algorithms, as fundamental ‘hammers’ to shape our knowledge of multifaceted landscapes such as powerscapes (an example of which is funerary landscapes). The reconciliation between the phenomenological approach to landscape and GIS-based spatial analyses of perceptual fields (especially vision and hearing) allows us to confidently rely on new perspectives, such as J. Ortoleva’s recent research on auditory perception in Etruscan necropolises or the latest approaches to viewshed analysis
JUNO detector sensitivity to 7Be, pep and CNO solar neutrinos
Get PDFNeutrinos are used both to study particle physics and astrophysics. In particular, solar neutrinos were widely investigated by several experiments during the last decades. These studies brought to the discovery of neutrino oscillations and to the validation of the Standard Solar Model. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Experiment (JUNO), gigantic detector under construction in China, should
increase our knowledge of the solar neutrino spectroscopy thanks to the huge mass which allows to have an unprecedented rate of solar neutrino events. In this work I will present the sensitivity studies on the 7Be, pep and CNO solar neutrino fluxes performed using the JUNO Monte Carlo code considering different radiopurity scenarios
Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of magnetic moments for A≤10 nuclei
Get PDFWe report Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of magnetic moments for A ≤ 10 nuclei using the Norfolk two- and three-nucleon (NV2+3) chiral interactions and one- and two-body electromagnetic currents. We use low-energy con
stants (LECs) to parameterize these currents up to next-to-next-to-next-to leading order (N3LO). We compare two models using different LECs and regulator parameterizations. The magnetic moment calculations agree with data for both models
considered
Recent results in the theory of lepton number violating processes
Get PDFIn view of the non-observation to-date of the mass mechanism of neutrino-less double beta decay (DBD), we discuss possible alternative scenarios including Majoron emission, sterile neutrinos and short- and long-range non-standard mechanisms
Preface
Get PDFThe 2023 Rencontres de Physique de la Vall´ee d’Aoste were held on March 5–11, with the XXXVI edition of “Results and Perspectives in Particle Physics
Hunting for the second Higgs resonance at LHC
Get PDFAccording to perturbative calculations, the effective potential of the Standard Model should have a new minimum, well beyond the Planck scale, which is much deeper than the electroweak vacuum. Since it is not obvious that gravitational effects can become so strong to stabilize the potential, most authors have accepted the metastability scenario in a cosmological perspective. This perspective is needed to explain why the theory remains trapped into our electroweak vacuum but requires to control the properties of matter in the extreme conditions of the early Universe.
As an alternative, we review the completely different idea of an effective potential which, as at the beginning of the Standard Model, is restricted to the pure Φ4 sector but is consistent with the now existing analytical and numerical studies. In this approach, where the electroweak vacuum is the lowest energy state, beside the resonance of mass mh = 125 GeV defined by the quadratic shape of the potential
at its minimum, the Higgs field should exhibit a second resonance with a mass (MH) theor = 690 ± 10 (stat) ± 20 (sys) GeV associated with the zero-point energy which determines the potential depth. In spite of its large mass, this would couple to longitudinal W’s with the same typical strength as the low-mass state at 125 GeV and represent a relatively narrow resonance of width ΓH = 30 ÷ 36 GeV, mainly produced at LHC by gluon-gluon fusion. Thus it is interesting that, in the LHC data, there are various indications for a new resonance in the expected mass range
with a statistical significance which is far from being negligible and could become an important new discovery by just adding two missing samples of RUN2 data
Rare and very rare decays of hyperons and heavy baryons at LHCb
Get PDFThis contribution presents the most recent results related to rare and very rare decays involving hyperons and heavy baryons at the LHCb experiment. The new results encompass the decays Λ0 b → D−s p and Ξ++cc → Ξ+c π+, using data obtained from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV during the LHC Run 2 data-taking, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of ∼ 6 fb−1.
Additionally, this contribution includes the investigation of the Σ+ → pμ+μ− decay, which was already explored during Run 1, and outlines prospects for the ongoing Run 2 analysis
8B reaction dynamics researched at HIE-ISOLDE
Get PDFFor the first time a measurement of 8B + 64Zn reaction has been performed at HIE-ISOLDE at CERN at energies around the Coulomb barrier, to understand how the debated halo structure of the light nucleus can affect reaction dynamics