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Neutrinos @ INFN: A leap inside the Commissione Scientifica Nazionale 2
Get PDFINFN coordinates research in the field of astro-particle physics in Italy. Supported experimental activities include the study of cosmic radiation, the search for gravitational waves, the study of the dark universe, general and quantum
physics, and the study of neutrino properties. A rich program of experiments installed on earth surface, in space and underground or underwater is supported to provide a possible answer to some of the most important open questions in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. In this scheme, neutrino physics plays a crucial role and is one of the research landmarks supported by INFN’s National Scientific Commission II
VULCAN: Vacuum ultraviolet light characterisation at Nikhef
Get PDFVULCAN is a tabletop experiment at the Nikhef institute in Amsterdam. The experiment is designed to characterise the optical properties of detector components in the vacuum ultraviolet range, which is especially relevant for noble
liquid detectors. The setup is in the commissioning phase and in these proceedings we show results from some calibration measurements
Funerary archaeology and digital technologies: history and development of a successful cross-disciplinary approach
Get PDFThe paper explores the successful merging of expertise in ‘funerary archaeology’ and ‘digital archaeology’ research domains. The Author first conducts a terminological analysis to establish a framework for both subjects based on their unique theoretical and methodological backgrounds and then highlights common methodological issues from the 1960s up to today. The result is a complex scenario in which the main applications include spatial analysis techniques and the GIS-based approach for the study of the relationship between cemeteries, settlements and territory; computer graphics and Virtual Reality techniques for the reconstruction of specific funerary structures and burial typologies; multivariate statistical analyses for the automatic classification of grave goods and their chronological ordering; modelling and simulation techniques to mimic features and behaviours of past ritual practices
Evidence of the off-shell Higgs and Higgs decay width constraints at ATLAS
Get PDFThis paper reports a search for off-shell Higgs boson production and the measurement of the Higgs decay width using the full Run-2 pp collision dataset, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1, collected by the ATLAS
detector at the Large Hadron Collider. In this analysis, the Higgs boson production modes include gluon-gluon fusion, vector-boson fusion, and VH, while the Higgs boson decay channels ZZ → 4l and Z'Z → 22ν (l = e or μ) are considered. The background-only hypothesis is rejected at the confidence level of 3.3 σ (2.2 σ) for the observed (expected) result, providing evidence of the off-shell Higgs boson. The
combination of the off-shell and on-shell Higgs boson measurements can constrain the Higgs decay width to be 4.5+3.3−2.5 MeV, with an upper limit of 10.5 MeV at the
95% confidence level
Il secolo dell’ontologia (1606-1708)
Get PDFQuesto volume si occupa di indagare l’evoluzione storica, concettuale e lessicale dell’ontologia nel contesto della scolastica protestante e riformata di lingua tedesca (Schulmetaphysik)per gli anni che seguono la pubblicazione degli Elementa Philosophiae sive Ontosophia (1647) del calvinista Johannes Clauberg (1622-1665). L’opera, riedita nel 1660 e nel 1664,è uno dei trattati di ontologia più sistematici dell’epoca. Questo studio, a partire dal quadro attuale delle nostre conoscenze relative alla prima fase della storia dell’ontologia — dal conio del termine, avvenuto nel 1606, alla pubblicazione degli Elementa Philosophia sive Ontosophia nel 1647 —, ha l’obiettivo di indagare il ‘secondo tempo’ di questa storia, ossia gli anni che seguono alla ricezione e alla diffusione dell’opera claubergiana nel contesto della Schulmetaphysik e che vanno, grosso modo, dagli anni sessanta del Seicento sino alla fine del secolo, senza esclusione del primo decennio del Settecento, in cui pure avvengono alcuni eventi significativi: nel 1708 vengono pubblicate la Dissertatio academica di Lange, incentrata sugli esiti dell’ontologia, e la Brevis Epitome Praeceptorum Scientiae Metaphysicae di Ott, l’ultima opera appartenente alla tradizione claubergiana. Oltre questo intervallo di tempo è già possibile intravedere il contesto ispirato alle nuove istanze della Frühaufklärung, con il ruolo di Wolff, uno dei suoi esponenti più importanti, intento a dialogare con la tarda Schulmetaphysik
Dynamics of open quantum systems: From the Rabi model to coupled qubits
Get PDFEmploying the worldline Monte Carlo technique, Matrix Product State simulations and a variational approach, we focused on the dissipative quantum Rabi model, revealing a Beretzinski-Kosterlitz-Thouless quantum phase transition
under low bath coupling. Exploring the dynamics of a slow qubit coupled to a fast oscillator, we found functional relationships, analyzed couplings’ effects, and evaluated the qubit Bloch vector. Weak to intermediate bath coupling simplifies qubit state evaluation, while the ultra-strong coupling regime exhibits non-Markovian effects and entanglement growth. Recent investigations include the impact of baths on two interacting qubits, showcasing a method for quasi-fully non-decoherent qubit encoding. This work provides insights into open quantum systems, emphasizing potential applications in quantum computing and communication
Single photon emission from hydrogen-filled transition metal dichalcogenide bubbles
Get PDFSingle-photon emitters (SPEs) have been observed in strained single layers of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) at cryogenic temperatures. Several approaches have been investigated, but the achievement of regular arrays of controllably strained areas, and thus of controlled SPEs, remains a challenge. Here, we discuss the possibility of exploiting strained single-layered TMD bubbles containing highly pressurised hydrogen, which can be controllably created in an ordered fashion by lithography-based approaches. While these structures would deflate at cryogenic temperatures due to the liquefaction of hydrogen, we discovered that the deposition of few-layer-thick hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) on top of the TMD bubbles allows them to maintain their shape, even for temperatures as low as 5K. By performing Raman measurements on the bubbles, we were able to track the strain behaviour of the system at different temperatures, showing that biaxial strains. as high as 1.6% are achieved even at 5K. Micro-photoluminescence (μ-PL) studies of hBN-capped WS2 bubbles at cryogenic temperatures demonstrated the presence of quantum emitters on the edges of several bubbles. The SPEs were characterised through magneto-μ-PL and time-resolved measurements
Eco-friendly carbon-based supercapacitors: Electrochemical properties and charge storage mechanisms
Get PDFThe components of electronic devices represent a problem for the production of hazardous waste, as many materials used are toxic. Sustainable electronic components made from eco-friendly materials have attracted attention for their promising electrical performance. The work presented in this study is based on the fabrication and characterization of supercapacitors using eco-friendly materials. The results demonstrate that these devices represent a valid alternative to conventional supercapacitors, offering high gravimetric capacity, excellent energy properties and robust resistance properties
Supernova neutrinos at the RES-NOVA experiment
Get PDFCore-collapse Supernovae (SN) correspond to the death of massive stars, and are among the most energetic events in the universe. During their collapse, stars emit most of their energy in the form of neutrinos in a short burst. These particles allow us to directly access processes happening inside the stellar nucleus. A particularly interesting process to detect these astrophysical neutrinos is the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνVS). This process is characterized by a very high cross-section and detected signals in the keV range. The RES-NOVA
experiment aims to measure these neutrinos using CEνVS through a revolutionary approach: an array of cryogenic detectors. To satisfy experimental requirements, RES-NOVA intends to use PbWO4 crystals as absorbers operated at temperatures of the order of a few mK. Lead, on top of maximizing the CEνVS cross-section, will also be of archaeological origins to guarantee an extremely low background in the region of interest. These features will allow RES-NOVA to play an important complementary role in the detection of the next galactic supernova through an excellent energy resolution and high sensitivity to all neutrino flavors
Interdisciplinary approaches to foster the learning of contemporary physics in high schools: A methodological proposal
Get PDFInformal contexts represent the ideal stage for didactical and teaching experimentations, facilitating interdisciplinary approaches in education and fostering students’ motivation, creativity, curiosity and interest in physics. We discuss the features of such approaches and their role in bringing contemporary physics topics to high school and how educational practices developed in an informal context can also be used to integrate formal educational programs. Finally, we also focus on how to qualitatively and quantitatively measure the efficacy of these educational strategies by using suitable research questionnaires