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    Unexpected Pulmonary Embolism Late After Recovery from Mild COVID-19?

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    SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is common during active illness but unusual in milder cases and after healing. We describe a case of bilateral acute pulmonary embolism occurring 3 months after recovery from a paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. The only VTE risk factor demonstrable was a history of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, with laboratory signs of residual low-grade inflammation. Clinicians should be aware of VTE as a potential cause of sudden dyspnoea after COVID-19 resolution, especially in the presence of persistent systemic inflammation

    Stroke and Respiratory Failure: Mind the Shunt!

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    When stroke patients present with respiratory failure, the first thought that clinicians have is that it is probably related to aspiration pneumonia. However, other causes should be considered, such as intracardiac or intrapulmonary shunts, that could present with paradoxical embolism. Paradoxical embolism is a rare entity defined by the occurrence of a venous thrombotic event associated with a systemic arterial embolism. Frequently, paradoxical embolism presents with platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome. Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome is uncommon and is characterized by dyspnoea and hypoxaemia induced by orthostatic position, where symptoms and oxygenation are relieved by recumbency. The authors report a case of a patient who presented with an ischaemic stroke and progression to platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome with documentation of simultaneous pulmonary embolism and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations

    Low Consciousness in a Patient with Venous Air Embolism Introduced via Peripheral Vascular Cannulation

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    Introduction: Venous air embolism is rarely seen, can be fatal and is associated mostly with large central venous catheters and mechanical ventilation. Some cases due to peripheral intravenous access have also been reported. Case Description: We present a case of intracranial venous air embolism most likely secondary to peripheral cannulation. On admission, the patient was drowsy with a suddenly deteriorating Glasgow coma scale score. This case emphasizes cautious cannula insertion and close monitoring of the patient in the event of complications.Conclusion: Intravenous cannulation is common but care should be taken to avoid catastrophic complications. Consider air embolism as the differential diagnosis if a patient has a low level of consciousness after an intravenous cannula is inserted

    Il tempo della ricerca. Comprendere la scienza per superare l'emergenza COVID-19

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    La pandemia da COVID-19 ha determinato una situazione di emergenza senza precedenti nell'ultimo secolo a livello globale1. Secondo le stime, alla fine del 2020 si conteranno purtroppo quasi 100 milioni di casi e oltre 2 milioni di morti dall'inizio della pandemia2.Nonostante la mortalità inferiore rispetto ad altri virus, la capacità del COVID-19 di diffondersi molto rapidamente ha posto sotto pressione i sistemi sanitari di molti Paesi, tra cui l'Italia, come mai era avvenuto prima nella storia recente, portando in alcuni casi alla saturazione delle capacità di assistenza. A sua volta, la crisi sanitaria, caratterizzata da ondate epidemiche di proporzioni sempre maggiori, ha comportato gravi ripercussioni a livello socio-economico il cui impatto risulta ancora difficile da prevedere in tutta la drammaticità

    Recensioni: Ci chiamavano matti. Voci dal manicomio (1968-1977)

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    Dobbiamo essere grati a Silvia Ca- lamai e Marica Setaro, studiose dal rigore e acume rari, per aver sottratto alla dimenticanza l'inchiesta spiazzante che Anna Maria Bruzzone realizzò nei manicomi di Gorizia nel 1968 e di Arezzo nel 1977. Si deve alla tenacia e alla passione del- la loro ricerca il rinvenimento delle voci dei matti nella sua casa 'scrigno' e nell'archivio dell'Università di Tori- no e la scelta di proporne la ripubblicazione al Saggiatore (era uscito da Einaudi nel 1978) arricchita delle testimonianze inedite che l'autrice raccolse nel manicomio goriziano. Un volume di oltre 400 pagine riempito quasi integralmente delle voci di «schizofrenici, paranoici, deliranti, depressi, ebefrenici, psicotici, alcoli- sti, dementi» secondo la nomenclatura feroce che decideva il loro destino di internati

    Recensioni: Vaccine Hesitancy: Public Trust, Expertise, and the War on Science

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    Se per la salute pubblica è importante la copertura vaccinale, l'importanza dell'atteggiamento nei confronti dei vaccini è stato evidenziato da tempo dalle scienze sociali, e la stessa OMS (Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità) ha incluso tra le 10 principali minacce alla salute globale (OMS, 2019) l'esitazione vaccinale, un atteggiamento di alcune perso- ne che, nonostante la disponibilità dei vaccini, non sono convinte della loro sicurezza ed efficacia e che, di conseguenza, non si vaccinano o non vaccinano i propri figli, oppure ritardano le vaccinazioni, oppure ne accettano solo alcune (MacDonald, 2015). Possono essere considerati esitanti anche coloro che accettano la vaccinazione ma hanno dubbi e preoccupazioni (Leask et al., 2012). Il libro Vaccine Hesitancy: Public Trust, Expertise, and the War on Science di Maya Goldenberg, frutto di numerosi anni di lavoro, era pronto per la pubblicazione all'inizio dell'emergenza pandemica dovuta al Sars-Cov-2, che, da quasi due anni, sta duramente e negativamente influenzando la salute e la vita di tutti noi

    Recensioni: La voce delle Sirene. I Greci e l'arte della persuasione

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    Con periodica regolarità, come è noto, torna a riaccendersi in Italia il dibattito sull'utilità ed il valore della cultura classica oltre che sull'opportunità di mantenere in vita un liceo, quello classico, di cui si è più volte prospettata una sorta di morte naturale1. Pur senza essere mosso dall'esplicita intenzione di prendere posizione in questo dibattito, il libro di Laura Pepe costituisce un'ottima dimostrazione della fecondità, se non della vera e propria necessità, di un dialogo intelligente con il nostro passato2

    Arterial Dissection in Antiphospholipid Syndrome Patients: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review

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    Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease which presents with thromboembolic disease, pregnancy complications and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. There are some reports of arterial dissections in different sites of the body associated with APS. We describe two patients with APS who developed ischaemic stroke as a result of vertebral artery dissection in the absence of acquired and genetic risk factors for arterial dissection. We also conducted a systematic review of the literature for cases of arterial dissection associated with APS. We suspect that APS may be a potential cause of vasculopathy and arterial dissection. Further research is needed to explore this possible association

    Myoclonus and Cerebellar Ataxia Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Case Report and Review of the Literature

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    The current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global health crisis. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to critical illness affecting almost every organ including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Myoclonus, a less expected and relatively unusual neurological complication, together with ataxia, has lately been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We describe the case of a 67-year-old male patient, admitted to our hospital for interstitial bilateral pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, who progressively developed general myoclonus and later cerebellar ataxia and gait disturbance. Given the timeline from COVID-19 systemic symptoms to neurological manifestations and the normal results of extensive and non-conclusive diagnostic work-up (blood test, lumbar puncture, EEG, cerebral MRI), a para-infectious encephalopathy related to SARS-CoV-2 was contemplated and a high dose of methylprednisolone was started with prompt symptom improvement. Further investigation and neuroepidemiological studies are needed to help define the mechanism of neuroinvasion and the entire spectrum of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, even in mildly affected patients, in terms of prevention, treatment and possible neurological sequelae

    Community-acquired Klebsiella spp Meningitis/Invasive Infection in Filipino-descent Patients Living in Greece: A Case Series

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    Klebsiella spp community-acquired meningitis caused by hypervirulent strains is well described as part of a distinct syndrome consisting of liver abscess and multiple septic metastatic lesions (Klebsiella pneumoniae invasive syndrome) occurring usually in diabetic, alcoholic, elderly or cancer patients, in Taiwan and other South-East Asian countries. In Western countries, these infections are very rare in natives and usually occur in patients of Asian origin. We report three cases of Filipino-origin patients, residents of Greece, with community-acquired invasive Klebsiella meningitis, who were treated in our ICU over a 10-year period

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