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Penggunaan adat sebagai hukum di Sabah
No full textMalaysia merupakan sebuah negara yang memiliki masyarakat majmuk dengan pelbagai bangsa, suku kaum, agama, bahasa, adat dan budaya. Setiap suku kaum itu mengamalkan adat, budaya dan tradisi yang tersendiri yang berbeza antara satu dengan yang lain. Mereka juga bebas mengamalkan kepercayaan agama masing-masing tetapi agama rasmi yang digunapakai di dalam Persekutuan Malaysia adalah agama Islam dan ini tertulis di dalam perlembagaan Malaysia. Justeru itu, sudah tentulah pelbagai adat, budaya dan tradisi yang dipraktikkan itu sebahagian besarnya adalah berdasarkan kepada pegangan dan kepercayaan kepada agama masing-masing. Dari banyaknya adat, budaya dan tradisi yang diamalkan itu, terdapat sesetengahnya menepati syarak Maksudnya tidak bercanggah dengan syarak dan ada juga yang bercanggah dengan syarak tapi masih diamalkan oleh sebahagian masyarakat dan menganggapnya sebagai sebahagian dari ajaran agama Islam. Bertitik tolak dari kejahilan masyarakat mengenai adat, budaya dan tradisi inilah maka perlunya diperjelaskan dengan sejelas-jelasnya mana satu di antaranya yang tidak berlanggar dengan syarak dan boleh diamalkan dalam kehidupan. Antara metodologi yang digunakan untuk merungkai permasalahan ini ialah Pengkajian dan Pembacaan untuk mengkaji, membaca dan meneliti manakah di antara adat, budaya dan tradisi yang dipraktikkan itu tidak bercanggah dengan hukum syarak dan boleh diamalkan dalam kehidupan. Metodologi Perbandingan diguna pakai untuk tujuan perbandingan adat, budaya dan tradisi itu dengan adat, budaya dan tradisi yang dibenarkan dalam Islam berdasarkan kepada dalil-dalil syarak dan begitu juga dengan perbandingan pendapat ulama empat mazhab (Imam Hanafi, Imam Maliki, Imam Syafie dan Imam Hanbali) mengenai kesepakatan dan perselisihan atau perbezaan pendapat mereka dalam sesuatu hukum agar satu resolusi terbaik dapat disimpulkan dan ditetapkan dan metodologi terakhir yang diguna pakai ialah metodologi Pengeluaran Hukum dengan tujuan untuk sampai kepada natijah hukum samada adat, budaya dan tradisi itu boleh diguna pakai yang tidak terdapat padanya unsur-unsur yang diharamkan dalam Islam seperti percampuran bebas antara lelaki dan perempuan, membuka aurat, menyekutukan Allah, dan tidak menimbulkan polemik bid'ah atau khurafat. Di akhir perbincangan, dapat disimpulkan bahawa banyaknya adat, budaya dan tradisi yang dipraktikkan di dalam masyarakat yang bercanggah dengan amalam Islam tapi tidak disedari oleh mereka disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan agama dan terikut-ikut dengan amalan datuk nenek moyang yang mana mereka menyangka adat, budaya dan tradisi itu adalah daripada Islam. Malaysia is a country that has a diverse society with various races, ethnic groups, religions, languages, customs and cultures. Each ethnic group practices its own customs, cultures and traditions that are different from each other. They are also free to practice their respective religious beliefs but the official religion used in the Federation of Malaysia is Islam and this is written in the Malaysian constitution. Therefore, of course, the various customs, cultures and traditions that are practiced are largely based on the beliefs of their respective religions. Of the many customs, cultures and traditions that are practiced, some are in accordance with Islamic law, in other words, they do not conflict with Islamic law, and some are also in conflict with Islamic law but are still practiced by some people and consider them as part of the teachings of Islam. Starting from the ignorance of the community about these customs, cultures and traditions, it is necessary to clarify as clearly as possible which one of them does not conflict with Islamic law and can be practiced in life. Among the methodologies used to resolve this issue is the Study and Reading to study, read and examine which of the customs, cultures and traditions that are practiced do not conflict with Islamic law and can be practiced in life. The Comparative Methodology is used for the purpose of comparing the customs, cultures and traditions with the customs, cultures and traditions that are permitted in Islam based on Islamic evidence and also by comparing the opinions of the scholars of the four schools of thought (Imam Hanafi, Imam Maliki, Imam Syafie and Imam Hanbali) regarding their agreement and disagreement or differences of opinion in a law so that the best resolution can be concluded and determined and the last methodology used is the Law Producing methodology with the aim of reaching a legal result whether the customs, cultures and traditions can be used that do not contain elements that are forbidden in Islam such as free mixing between men and women, exposing the aurat, associating partners with Allah, and does not give rise to polemics of bid'ah or superstition. At the end of the discussion, it can be concluded that there are many customs, cultures and traditions practiced in society that conflict with Islamic practices but are not realized by them due to a lack of religious knowledge and following the practices of their ancestors, which they think are from Islam
Pharmaco-economic inequalities in access to antifibrotic treatment for interstitial lung disease in the Asia-pacific region
No full textAntifibrotic drugs, available for the best part of the last decade in many parts of the world, have improved outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. However, it is unclear whether patients suffering from these devastating conditions have timely and adequate access to antifibrotic therapy in the Asia-Pacific region (APAC). In this mixed-methods narrative review of 12 APAC countries, integration of questionnaire-based insights of 31 regional clinical experts in interstitial lung disease (ILD) with publicly available pharmaco-economic information has been used to understand how country-specific challenges impact on antifibrotic accessibility. Overall, a broad range of approaches are utilized to provide antifibrotic treatment including centrally or state-determined drug budgets, pharmaceutical industry-subsidized initiatives, charitable support and self-paying (out-of-pocket) options. Impediments to antifibrotic access commonly arise from prohibitive drug pricing in relation to income, absence of universal coverage for pharmaceutical costs, lack of formal pharmaco-economic analysis or restrictions on the use of generic preparations. Unequal access to antifibrotic drugs is a vital unmet therapeutic need in the APAC region, one that is likely to be exacerbated by a rising fibrotic ILD burden
Exploring the cognitive, hedonic, and emotional dimensions of tourist purchase intentions for ethnic foods: A qualitative inquiry
No full textThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cognitive, hedonic, and emotional factors on Sabah’s tourists’ desire to purchase ethnic food. In this study, a combination of cognitive, hedonic as well as emotional drivers is examined in the purchase intentions of tourists in the Sabah region of Malaysia towards ethnic food. Since little is known about these psychological motivators in food tourism, this study follows a simple qualitative investigation in an attempt to draw more details about the behavior of tourists. Five participants (three local tourists of Peninsular Malaysia and two international tourists of China and Korea) took part in the in-depth semi-structured interviews (collected the data). Theme and thematic analysis were done manually to see a pattern and recurring theme. Four overall themes were identified: a sense of unusualness and appeal, food authenticity, and safety, emotional appeal, and the power of social and contextual factors. The findings indicate that visual appeal, cultural stories and emotion connection increases probability of the tourists to sample ethnic foods. The current paper would add to the food tourism literature by providing a conceptual framework, which would combine psychological aspects with the food decision-making. Marketing and tourism agencies practical implication is also discussed
Merapatkan jurang pendidikan luar bandar di Sabah cabaran, inovasi dan strategi inklusif untuk akses saksama dan pembelajaran berkualiti
No full textKajiannya meneroka jurang pendidikan luar bandar yang berterusan di Sabah, Malaysia, memfokuskan kepada cabaran, inovasi, dan strategi inklusif yang membentuk akses saksama dan pembelajaran berkualiti. Menggunakan reka bentuk penyelidikan dua bahagian, kajian itu mula-mula mengumpulkan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif utama melalui alatan dalam talian, disokong oleh kaedah pengumpulan data berbantukan AI untuk menjangkau peserta jauh dengan cekap. Kedua, pendekatan Analisis Data Sekunder Kaedah Campuran (MMSDA) digunakan untuk meneliti laporan, dasar dan literatur akademik yang sedia ada. Penemuan mendedahkan halangan utama seperti ketidaksamaan digital, kekurangan guru dan pengehadan infrastruktur, di samping menyerlahkan penyelesaian baharu termasuk pembelajaran dipacu teknologi, penglibatan komuniti dan inisiatif dasar. Kajian ini menyumbangkan pandangan praktikal untuk pendidik, penggubal dasar dan NGO yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ekuiti pendidikan di kawasan luar bandar yang kurang mendapat perkhidmatan
Robust particle filter for accurate WiFi-based indoor positioning in the presence of outlier-corrupted sensor data
No full textThis study presents a comprehensive evaluation of an outlier-robust particle filter (RPF) designed to improve indoor positioning accuracy in complex environments with substantial measurement noise and outliers. The RPF’s performance is benchmarked against a standard Particle Filter (PF) using both simulated and real-world datasets. Simulation results indicate that the RPF consistently outperforms the PF in indoor positioning particularly when sensor measurements contain out-liers, achieving significant reductions in root mean square error (RMSE) for position, velocity, and acceleration estimation, with improvements of approximately 40.02%, 38.48%, and 65.80%, respectively. Real-world experiments, applying a calibrated log-normal path loss model to Wi-Fi received signal strength (RSS) data, further corroborate the RPF’s effectiveness, demonstrating a 93.61% improvement in positioning accuracy compared to the PF. These findings highlight the RPF’s robustness in delivering high accuracy, especially in environments with measurement outliers, establishing it as a reliable solution for indoor tracking in noisy sensor environments
Diversity and abundance of hymenopteran species in mixed-use agricultural landscape of Pusat Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak, Pahang, Malaysia
No full textHymenoptera are ubiquitous insects crucial for ecosystem balance, fulfilling diverse ecological roles as pollinators, parasitoids, and predators, serving as valuable bioindicators of environmental health. While Hymenoptera communities in homogeneous agricultural landscapes have been extensively studied, research on heterogeneous mixed-use systems in Malaysia remains limited. Thus, the objectives of this study are to produce a checklist of Hymenoptera and to compare their diversity and composition across four land cover types namely oil palm plantations (OP), fruits orchards (FO), forest remnants (FR), and urban areas (UA) within the Pusat Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak (PPPTR). A total of 3,455 individuals of Hymenoptera from 22 families and 148 morphospecies were identified during the study period. This study also found a significant difference in the abundance (df = 3, P<0.05) and richness (df= 3, P<0.05) of Hymenopteran species across different land covers of PPPTR, Pahang. Fruit orchards (H’ index = 5.624) and oil palm plantations (H’ index = 5.352) support a higher diversity of Hymenoptera in comparison to forest remnant (H’ index = 4.398) and urban areas (H’ index = 5.107), though in a smaller number of individuals. Forest remnant and urban areas hold different hymenopteran communities altogether, with 35% similarity from the orchard and oil palm plantation. This preliminary study shows that mixing different land cover patches within an agricultural landscape may promote different diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera. Cropped habitat apparently holds substantial value in providing resources for the Hymenoptera, through good management practices are needed to increase its population size. Additional study is needed to characterize the environmental variations between each cover type for a better understanding of the influence of mixed-use agricultural landscapes on Hymenoptera communities
The relationship between body composition and hypertension
No full textHypertension is a serious threat to the health of at least 1.4 billion people worldwide, and exploring the relationship between body composition and hypertension is of great significance for the prevention and control of essential hypertension. Existing studies have shown that a composite body composition index is a more effective predictor of hypertension than a single index, such as BMI. Increased adiposity is strongly associated with an elevated risk of hypertension, particularly visceral fat accumulation, which drives the development of hypertension by influencing body metabolism and hormone levels. Fat distribution also influences the development of hypertension, and indicators of abdominal obesity, such as waist-to-hip ratio, are strongly associated with the prevalence of hypertension and vary across gender. In addition, muscle mass, mineral (e.g., calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, etc.) and water balance also play an important role in blood pressure regulation, and decreased muscle mass, abnormal calcium metabolism, and water imbalance may lead to increased blood pressure. Therefore, body composition indexes can be used as an effective basis for assessing the risk of hypertension and the effectiveness of treatment and provide an important reference for the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension
Classroom engagement in Chinese private colleges: The role of teacher-student interactions and peer relationships
No full textPrivate higher education in China has emerged as a significant platform for the growth and advancement of higher education, serving as a primary catalyst for reform over more than four decades of transformation. This study focused on undergraduate students from Qingdao Hengxing College located in the eastern coastline region of China to examine the relationships among teacher-student interactions, peer relationships and classroom participation. The researcher employed a survey method, analyzing 534 valid questionnaire responses adopting a positivist paradigm and a quantitative research design. Descriptive statistics, simple linear regression and multiple regression analyses were used to interpret the data. The sample was fairly balanced in terms of gender and academic year. 48.5% were male and 51.5% were female with 22.4%, first-year, 27.5% second-year, 27.9% third year and 22% fourth year students. Results indicated a significant and positive relationship between classroom engagement and both teacher-student interactions (β=0.566 and p<0.001) and peer connections (β=0.550 and p<0.001). These factors explained 40.3% of the variance in classroom engagement. These findings highlight the vital importance of teacher-student interactions and peer relationships in promoting classroom engagement, offering valuable insights for teachers and policymakers in private higher education
The impact of dietary compliance on diabetic foot ulcer healing: A cross-sectional study
No full textDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes mellitus and are influenced by various factors, including dietary behavior. Proper diet adherence is essential for glycemic control and tissue regeneration, yet its role in ulcer healing remains underexplored. This cross-sectional study involved 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with DFUs receiving home-based care in a community setting. Dietary compliance was measured using a structured questionnaire based on the 3J principle (meal timing, type, and portion). Ulcer healing was evaluated using the Wagner grading system. Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression tests with SPSS 25.0. Among patients with high dietary compliance, 73.3% showed significant ulcer healing, compared to 42.5% in the low compliance group (p = 0.008). Dietary compliance was a significant predictor of ulcer healing (OR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.41–7.15). Higher dietary compliance was associated with better short-term diabetic ulcer healing. While integrating nutrition education into home care services may be a valuable component of DFU management, our findings cannot confirm its independent effect, and further prospective research is warranted to determine causality and underlying mechanisms
Employees’ performance in the Sabah public service: The role of flexible work arrangements, work-life balance, and job satisfaction
No full textThis study investigates the impact of flexible work arrangements (FWAs) and work-life balance (WLB) on employee performance (EP) within the public sector in Sabah, Malaysia, utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Data were collected from 190 respondents across various ministries and agencies under the Sabah government. Using IBM SPSS, the findings revealed that both FWAs and WLB significantly enhance employee performance, with job satisfaction serving as a crucial mediating factor. The findings underscore the importance of FWAs and WLBs in improving employee performance and suggest that policymakers should priorities these initiatives. Public sector employees view FWAs and WLBs as essential to their job satisfaction, which in turn positively influences their performance. The study highlights the need for organizations to strengthen and implement such practices to foster a more engaged and productive workforce