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Etlinger a species of Borneo's wild gingers: Traditional knowledge, phytochemistry, and modern applications
No full textForty-two (42) Etlinger a species are found in Borneo, commonly known as wild ginger. Of these, 36 species are indigenous to the region, while six species—including Etlinger a coccinea, Etlinger a crispate, Etlinger a elatior, Etlinger a foe ten, Etlin- Gera megachilids, and Etlinger a macrochelids—are also found beyond Borneo. Eight species hold sign if- incant value for local communities, serving roles in traditional medicine, crop production, cosmetics, and personal care. Scientific studies have confirmed six key pharmacological properties in Etlinger a species: anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, pest control, and nephroprotective activities. These bioactivities are attributed to the presence of key bioactive compounds such as b-pinene, 1,7-bis (3,4- dihydroxyphenyl) heptan-3-yl acetate (Etlinger in), curcumin, a-thujene, cyclooctane, and estragole. In modern applications, Etlinger a species are utilized in contemporary cuisine, ornamental horticulture, cosmetics, personal care products, and as natural colorants. This overview underscores the importance of Etlinger a species to local communities and high- lights their relevance in contemporary applications, offering a foundation for identifying species with medicinal and commercial potential in the Borneo region
Psychological factors as VO₂ max performance predictor among Malaysian sub-elite athletes
No full textThis study examined the predicted correlation between certain psychological traits (emotional intelligence, mental toughness, mood state, and sports anxiety) and aerobic capacity (VO₂Max) in Malaysian sub-elite athletes. A cross-sectional design was utilised, encompassing 228 participants from the Malaysian National Sports School system. Psychological assessments were conducted concurrently with the 20-meter shuttle run test to evaluate VO2Max. Multiple regression analysis indicated a non-significant overall model (F(11, 216) = 1.597, p = .101), explaining 7.5% of the variation in VO2Max values. Two variables were identified as statistically significant: emotional intelligence in regulating others' emotions (negatively correlated) and mood state confusion (positively correlated). Other psychological qualities, such as anxiety dimensions, mental toughness, and emotional self-regulation, were not significant predictors. These findings underscore the complex and perhaps paradoxical links between psychological and physiological performance indicators in sub-elite athletes. The research highlights the significance of comprehensive performance models that encompass both mental and physical aspects and proposes that specific psychological therapies might enhance endurance performance in competitive environments
Volatile components, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of komburongoh (Acorus Calamus L.) essential oils as potential medicinal herbs from Sabah, Malaysia
No full textAcorus calamus L., known for diverse therapeutic applications, was studied for its volatile components, antibacterial and antioxidant potential in essential oils from Sabah, Malaysia. Employing hydrodistillation with a Clevenger apparatus, the oils were analysed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antibacterial activity was assessed via disc diffusion against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Both leaf and rhizome oils were rich in phenylpropanoids, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpenes including α-asarone, γ-asarone, methyl isoeugenol, 6-epi�shyobunone, and (E)-β-farnesene. They demonstrated significant antibacterial activity at 400 µg/mL, while displaying lower DPPH (IC50 = 28.20 ± 4.99 µg/mL) and excelling in the FRAP (150.12 ± 0.10 mg TE/g). This ongoing phytochemical analysis of A. calamus holds promise for enhancing quality control, ensuring safety, and validating its traditional applications
Techniques for nano emulsion in milk and its application: A review
No full textThe present review provides a comprehensive overview of nano emulsion preparation techniques and their impact on dairy milk and milk foam properties. It highlights high- energy methods utilizing mechanical forces to produce nanoscale droplets, thus enhancing emulsion stability, and allowing precise control over droplet size. While effective for various production scales, these methods require significant energy and sophisticated equipment, with potential heat generation affecting sensitive compounds. Conversely, low-energy methods rely on thermodynamic changes, offering cost-effective solutions for heat-sensitive compounds, despite facing challenges in scalability and formulation specificity. The incorporation of nanometer-sized droplets into dairy milk significantly influences foaming behavior and texture modulation, improving foam stability and foamability. Smaller fat globule sizes promote long-term physical stability, addressing common issues like foam destabilization and coalescence. Understanding the interactions between milk quality, fat content, and processing conditions reveals opportunities for enhancing dairy product quality. The present review underscores the potential of nano emulsions into optimizing dairy milk properties, ultimately revolutionizing dairy processing, and providing manufacturers with innovative tools to meet consumer demand for superior texture and stability in milk-based products
The relationship between peer relationships and classroom engagement among undergraduate private college students
No full textClassroom engagement is a key determinant of student learning and academic success, yet relatively little attention has been paid to the role of peer relationships in shaping engagement levels within private higher education settings in China. This study aims to examine the relationship between peer relationships and classroom engagement among undergraduate students at a private university in Qingdao, Shandong Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 17,122 students from a private undergraduate college in Qingdao, Shandong, China, yielding 534 valid responses. The average peer relationships score was 3.29, suggesting a relatively harmonious relationship among students. Simple linear regression analysis revealed that peer relationships positively predicted classroom engagement, explaining 30.3% of its variance (R²= 0.303, Adjusted R²= 0.302). Additionally, the hierarchical multiple regression results indicate that gender (β=0.096, p=0.007) plays a significant moderating role in the influence of peer relationships on classroom engagement, and similarly, grade (β=0.080, p=0.023) exerts a significant moderating effect on the relationship between peer relationships and classroom engagement. Moreover, the moderating effects of gender and grade on the relationship between peer relationships and classroom engagement are more pronounced among female students. These findings highlight the importance of fostering positive peer interactions and considering gender- and grade-specific needs when designing engagement-enhancing interventions in private college contexts in China
Leveraging ai-driven historical learning platforms to foster cultural heritage tourism and economic growth in rural communities
No full textThis study explores how AI-driven historical learning platforms can be leveraged to promote cultural heritage tourism and stimulate economic growth in rural communities. By integrating advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and data analytics, these platforms enhance the accessibility, engagement, and preservation of cultural assets. The research employs a dual-method approach, combining AI-assisted online collection of primary quantitative and qualitative data with a mixed-methods secondary data analysis to assess tourism behavior, digital interaction, and regional development trends. Findings suggest that these platforms not only enrich visitor experiences but also contribute to sustainable rural revitalization by fostering heritage awareness, attracting tourists, and supporting local economies
Integrasi tauhid dan psikospiritual islam dalam menangani krisis identiti generasi z muslim
No full textGenerasi Z Muslim menghadapi krisis identiti yang kompleks akibat pengaruh globalisasi, perkembangan media sosial, kepantasan perubahan budaya serta pengaruh sekularisme dan relativisme moral. Situasi ini memberi implikasi sosial, psikologi dan spiritual yang mendalam terhadap Generasi Z. Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana integrasi konsep tauhid dan pendekatan psikospiritual Islam dapat menjadi solusi efektif dalam menangani cabaran ini. Tauhid sebagai asas keimanan membentuk kesedaran diri yang berpusat kepada Allah SWT, manakala pendekatan psikospiritual Islam yang merangkumi pemeliharaan qalb (hati), ibadah dan matlamat akhirat mampu memperkukuh kesejahteraan mental dan spiritual. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis literatur terkini yang relevan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis literatur. Data dikumpulkan melalui kajian pustaka terhadap sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder yang relevan, termasuk buku, artikel jurnal dan laporan penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan menekankan pada pemahaman mendalam terhadap teks dan konteks yang dikaji. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengukuhan nilai tauhid dan amalan psikospiritual dapat membantu Generasi Z Muslim membina identiti yang kukuh dan seimbang dalam menghadapi cabaran era digital. Konsep tauhid memberi kesedaran terhadap peranan diri sebagai hamba dan khalifah manakala psikospiritual Islam memberi panduan berdasarkan prinsip ajaran tasawuf seperti taubat, qanaah, zuhud, yakin, sabar, tawakal, tawaduk dan reda disertai amalan meditasi spiritual seperti doa, zikir dan bacaan al-Quran yang dilengkapkan dengan proses tazkiyah al-nafs
Empowered ventures: Unravelling the motivations behind women entrepreneurs
No full textThis study explores the diverse motivations that drive women entrepreneurs to pursue business ventures. Using a qualitative research approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 women entrepreneurs from various industries to uncover the personal, financial, and social factors that influence their decision-making. The findings reveal that passion for their work, the need for financial independence, family-related responsibilities, and the desire for autonomy were key motivators behind their entrepreneurial journeys. Many participants cited passion as a core driver, with others highlighting the pursuit of higher income and the flexibility to balance caregiving duties. Additionally, entrepreneurship was seen as a means to overcome economic challenges and attain professional independence. The study concludes that understanding these multifaceted motivations is critical for developing targeted policies and support systems that foster women’s entrepreneurial success. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on women’s entrepreneurship, emphasizing the need for inclusive strategies that address the unique challenges and drivers influencing their entrepreneurial pathways
Challenges of religious integration among indigenous Muslim converts (Mualaf) in Sabah, Malaysia
No full textThe increasing number of Muslim reverts (Mualaf) in Sabah, particularly among indigenous communities, represents a distinctive trend within Malaysia’s religious demography. Unlike in Peninsular Malaysia, where conversions predominantly occur among non-indigenous populations, reversion to Islam in Sabah involves ethnic groups such as the Kadazan Dusun, Murut, Rungus, and Sungai. This unique pattern necessitates an in-depth exploration to understand the specific dynamics influencing these religious transitions. This qualitative study aims to investigate the factors contributing to the rising number of Mualaf among indigenous communities in Sabah, identify the principal challenges these converts face post-conversion, and critically evaluate the effectiveness of support mechanisms offered by religious institutions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with selected Mualaf from various indigenous backgrounds across Sabah, complemented by secondary sources such as governmental reports, academic publications, and NGO documents. The findings indicate that indigenous reverts encounter complex and multifaceted challenges, including bureaucratic hurdles during formal conversion procedures, psychological stress associated with identity realignment, rejection by family members and local communities, limited religious literacy, and inadequate access to structured Islamic educational resources, especially in remote rural areas. Moreover, the lack of culturally sensitive religious educators and persistent societal stigma exacerbate feelings of isolation, complicating their integration into the broader Muslim community. Consequently, this research underscores the urgent need for inclusive and contextually relevant da’wah strategies tailored to indigenous cultural contexts. Additionally, practical recommendations are proposed for policymakers, religious institutions, and civil society groups to improve existing support structures, foster religious resilience, and ensure sustainable spiritual growth and communal empowerment for indigenous Mualaf
Ringgit Malaysia uncertainty spillover from googles trends uncertainty
No full textThe great reset of the economic is one of the methods for Malaysia after the crisis of Covid-19 and to boost economic growth again. Meanwhile, Malaysia transitioned to a managed float system, allowing the ringgit to fluctuate based on market conditions. Despite periods of volatility, the economy has demonstrated resilience, supported by prudent monetary and fiscal policies. In 2024, Malaysia experienced strong economic performance, characterized by low and stable inflation. This event motivates us to study the relationship uncertainty from google trends towards ringgit volatility against US Dollar. The study used the Granger causality test methodology to assess the correlation between GTU and Ringgit exchange. The GTU was represented set word in google trends from the uncertainty word from the Economic Report of Malaysia. The data for this study over the period end of the year 2021 (September) until the end of the year 2022 (November). The implication from this study was Google Trends Uncertainty give the impact towards Ringgit volatility in the long run