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Halal standards practices in the food industry: The impact of halal assurance and operations
No full textPurpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of halal standards practices towards organizational performance. Additionally, the moderating role of organizational size on this association is explored for Malaysian halal industry so that the halal management practice in the future is expected to run well. Design/methodology/approach Regression analyses technique via Statistical Package for Social Science 27.0 is used to analyses the results of a self-administered questionnaire completed by 241 internal halal committee officers of multinational corporations and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia.
Findings The results showed that halal standards practices give an effect that indicates 13.2% of the performance. In more detail, it only demonstrates the significant contribution of the halal assurance predictor to organizational performance compared to the halal operations (HOs) predictor. Additionally, organizational size also acts as a moderator between the relationships between halal standard practices (HO) and organizational performance. Besides, the study findings also show that there was a significant difference in organizational performance for multinationals and SMEs. This encouraging outcome is the result of organizational performance is influenced by a chain that interacts with each other starting from input, which then translates into process and ultimately results that are also supported by internal control of the organization for Malaysian halal industry. Research limitations/implications This study only focused on the Malaysian halal industry such as certain number of factors and limited measurement was used in this study. Only a few halal standards practices and organization performance measurements were considered. Practical implications Halal food producers should engender greater commitment to Halal standard practice involving acts, standards, regulations and guidelines that can be used to comply halal requirements needed by halal certification bodies especially halal committee members to control internally. It also serves as a valuable resource for policymakers and practitioners aiming to identify effective practices for comprehensive halal standards management to enhance organizational performance, particularly for micro-scale enterprises within the Malaysian halal industry. Originality/value This study considerably advances the existing body of knowledge by applying standard halal practices model to explain their relationship, with organization size serving as a moderating to variable and provide direction for researchers in subsequent studies. They also offer valuable insights for practitioners seeking to continually enhance organizational performance through the implementation of effective halal standards management practices within the Malaysian halal industry
Impak kepelbagaian genre permainan dalam pembelajaran kosa kata Arab bagi penutur bukan natif
No full textHafalan lazimnya telah menjadi kaedah terpenting untuk mempelajari kosa kata Arab yang pelbagai. Namun, variasi pola kata Arab yang kompleks sering menjadi halangan utama kepada pelajar apabila terpaksa menghafal sejumlah perkataan yang banyak. Kesukaran ini semakin ketara apabila pelajar tidak dapat mengaitkan perkataan yang dipelajari dengan konteks sebenar dan kurang diberi peluang untuk menggunakannya dalam aktiviti komunikasi harian. Keadaan ini menyebabkan proses pembelajaran menjadi pasif dan pelajar mudah melupakan perkataan yang telah dipelajari dalam tempoh yang singkat. Bagi mengatasi masalah ini, pendekatan pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif perlu diterapkan melalui aplikasi permainan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka genre permainan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab dan mengkaji impaknya terhadap penguasaan kosa kata Arab dalam kalangan pelajar bukan natif. Metodologi kajian berbentuk kajian kepustakaan melalui analisis kandungan dan dihuraikan secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian mendapati beberapa istilah yang digunakan merujuk kepada permainan dalam pembelajaran antaranya ialah permainan pendidikan, permainan serius, permainan didik hibur dan gamifikasi. Terma yang digunakan untuk permainan dalam pembelajaran membawa tujuan dan fungsi yang sama untuk mencipta pembelajaran yang efektif dan menyeronokkan. Kajian mendapati bahawa permainan menyumbang impak positif terhadap pencapaian pelajar dalam bahasa Arab. Penerapan elemen permainan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab bukan sahaja dapat meningkatkan kefahaman pelajar tetapi berupaya mengekalkan ingatan untuk jangka masa yang panjang melalui amalan praktis. Implikasi kajian ini diharap dapat menyumbang idea kepada para pendidik untuk menerapkan permainan sebagai strategi inovatif dalam pengajaran bahasa Arab bagi membantu pelajar menguasai kosa kata dengan lebih berkesan
The Abu Sayyaf group and kidnapping for ransom in Sabah, Malaysia, 2000–2023
No full textSince the formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963, the country has faced various traditional security threats. These include the Philippines’ territorial claim over Sabah since 1968 and the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation from 1963 to 1966. However, with the evolving nature of global security, the discourse has expanded to include the non-traditional security threats (NTS). One of Malaysia’s key national security concerns is the prevalence of cross-border crimes, particularly along the maritime borders of Sabah’s east coast. Since 2000, the Malaysian government has implemented security policies to combat kidnapping for ransom (KFR). However, the on-going conflict in the southern Philippines has further complicated the security landscape in the region. This study investigates the role of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) in KFR activities from 2020 to 2023. It argues that two primary factors have contributed to the persistence of the KFR: (i) on-going violence in the southern Philippines and (ii) the lucrative nature of the crime. This study employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing data from interviews with key informants, fieldwork observations, official documents from local authorities, and secondary sources. The findings highlight the growing prominence of NTS as a critical national security concern for Malaysia. Specifically, the study reveals that KFR has gained precedence over traditional security concerns, making it a top priority in Malaysia’s national security agenda
Causes and consequences of psychological contract breach among grassroots employees in Shanghai's manufacturing industry during the pandemic
No full textThe appearance of the pandemic has led to a temporary paralysis of the world's manufacturing industry. Measures such as lowering employee wages, canceling employee promotion mechanisms, adopting remote work, uncompensated remote overtime, layoffs, and canceling employee benefits were mainstream methods at the time. Shanghai, where China's manufacturing industry is most concentrated, has to conduct online courts to deal with a large number of disputes between employees and companies. This study used the SEM structural equation model to conduct statistical analysis on 303 valid questionnaires of Shanghai grassroots employees to identify the factors that affect employees' perception of psychological contract violation and the complex consequences caused by such psychological contract violation. The final study found that the lack of distributive justice led to an increase in some employees' perception of corporate psychological contract violation, which in turn reduced their satisfaction and increased their willingness to leave. Satisfaction positively and significantly affects employee performance. However, the intention to leave does not affect employee performance. The research results call on companies to pay more attention to distributive justice and improve satisfaction and performance by reducing employees' perception of psychological contract violation
Characteristics and nutrient profiles of foods and beverages on online food delivery systems
No full textRecently, there has been an emerging trend of purchasing foods and beverages via online food delivery systems but there is scarce evidence on the healthfulness of these items, particularly in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and nutrient profiles of foods and beverages available via online food delivery systems in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 to identify foods and beverages available on the Grab Food and Foodpanda mobile applications. The healthfulness of selected foods and beverages was determined based on the Food Standards Agency Nutrient Profiling System. The present study included 3729 foods and 1882 beverages. Most of the foods were cereal-based dishes (37.4%), followed by cereals with protein-based dishes (12.8%) and meat or poultry-based dishes (12.0%), while most of the beverages were local handcrafted beverages (27.8%), followed by bubble milk tea (15.0%) and Western handcrafted beverages (14.6%). For protein dishes, deep-frying or battered-frying was the most common preparation method (33.8%) while most of the cereal-based dishes were stir-fried (76.7%). Out of 23 common foods, 15 foods (65%) were categorised as less healthy based on the nutrient profile score while 19 out of 24 (79%) common beverages were categorised as less healthy. The online food delivery systems feature predominantly local foods and beverages that are less healthy, potentially contributing to the development of an obesogenic environment
Quality of organic fertilizer from goat dung
No full textAgricultural waste is commonly associated with agricultural plantations and refers to the waste produced from various farming operations. The composting process can reduce the amount of dung generated by livestock while also providing nutrients and organicmatter to the soil when applied appropriately. Additionally, composting significantly reduces the odor and pest problems associated with dung. The number of goat farmers in Malaysia is increasing, along with the amount of waste produced, such as goat dung. Therefore, this study aimed to help us understand the preparation of the composting process and the composition of goat dung compost, as well as evaluate the effects of goat dung compost on the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). A bedding system technique was used for the composting process. The parameters measured in this study were pH, temperature, and N, P, and K content. After 56 days, the goat dung compost reached maturity with a pH value of 6.84. It contained 3.1% N, 3.5% P,and 4.5% K, with a C/N ratio of 4:1
Examining the reliability and validity of adapted LASRS-2 in Chinese context using AMOS-SEM approach
No full textThis pilot study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Lakaev Academic Stress Response Scale-2 (LASRS-2) in the context of Chinese college students. 186 undergraduate students from Xinyang College, China were enlisted for this research. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to analyze data using the Amos Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS-SEM) methodology. Factor loading and composite reliability (CR) were used to identify the reliability criteria. Moreover, the average variance extracted (AVE) was used as an index of convergent validity and the heterotrait-monotrait criterion (HTMT) as the index of discriminant validity. The research results showed that the adapted LASRS-2 has good reliability and validity indicators after minor modifications for Chinese college students. The adapted LASRS-2 can be used in the future related to research in the Chinese context. The adapted LASRS-2 can measure college students' academic stress response involving four domains (affective response, behavioral response, cognitive response, and physiological response)
Effectiveness of low-temperature storage on lipid nutritional quality of fish: A meta-analysis
No full textFish are rich in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which provide numerous health benefits. Proper food storage methods, especially low-temperature storage, are crucial for maintaining the lipid nutritional quality of seafood. While numerous studies have examined the effects of low-temperature storage on fish lipids, the information remain poorly organized, and many important detail (such as various lipid nutritional quality indices) have not been systematically analyzed in most studies. To address this gap, this study conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of short-term and long-term low-temperature storage on the lipid nutritional quality of fish. The results of this study are particularly valuable as they provide practical guidance to consumers for selecting optimal low-temperature storage methods to better preserve the quality of fish lipids
Assessing catalytic converter degradation in emission reduction: comparative study of co, THC, and NOx across mileage, engine capacity, and transmission type
No full textEnvironmental concerns have led to stricter global emission standards for combustion engine vehicles. This study evaluates the degradation patterns of catalytic converters in reducing CO, THC, and NOx emissions across 20 passenger vehicles with varying mileage (up to 100,000 km), engine capacities (1.2 - 1.5L), and transmission types (manual/automatic). Four catalytic converter designs (Types A-D) were assessed using the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) methodology for compliance with Indonesian and EURO-4 standards. Results revealed that Type D converters maintained the best performance for CO (0.2 - 0.4 g/km) and THC emissions (0.02 - 0.04 g/km) with stable degradation across their lifespan. Conversely, Type B exhibited significant degradation (degradation factor 9.0) and higher emission levels overall. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in THC emissions between converter types (p 0.05). NOx emissions showed the highest degradation factor (5.78) across all converter types. This research demonstrates the critical relationship between catalytic converter design, vehicle operational parameters, and emission reduction effectiveness over time, providing insights for future catalyst material development and maintenance strategies to maintain long-term environmental compliance
In silico analysis and structure modelling of GaPH2, a conserved hypothetical proteins related to thermal stress response in glaciozyma antarctica PI12
No full textThe genomic data of the native Antarctic yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica PI12, has garnered attention due to its distinctive thermal adaptation. Nonetheless, a significant percentage of the proteins associated with thermal stress adaptation were identified as conserved hypothetical proteins (HPs), suggesting that these proteins have not yet been characterised through experimentation. Consequently, this research aims to determine the structural characteristics of GaHP2, a conserved HP previously shown to be involved in the thermal stress response. Functional annotation, physicochemical analysis, homology modelling and structure validation, and superimposition of models were employed to analyse the gene using computational tools such as NCBI BLAST, InterProScan, Expasy's ProtParam, Phyre2, AlphaFold2, ModRefiner, and UCSF Chimera. The results indicated that the homology modelling approach effectively generated reliable 3D models of GaHP2. On the basis of the high confidence score (PROCHECK), stereochemical quality (VERIFY3D), energy of the protein chain (ANOLEA), and RMSD of 0.540 Å, the proposed model was assessed as reliable. One interesting finding of the study was the correlation between the presence of aromatic clusters in GaHP2 and its stability at higher temperatures. The GaHP2 protein was also found to contain domains that encoded oxygen-binding and/or oxygen-transporting globins, as indicated by functional analysis. This suggests that these proteins were involved in the adaptation to the cold, where oxygen levels were relatively low. This research illustrates that thermal stress proteins may possess distinctive structural flexibility and stability that enable them to function under thermal stress, thereby safeguarding host organisms from heat aggregation and cold denaturation