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Exploring how climate change anxiety differs from other mental health problems in youth
Get PDFA rapidly growing research base is emerging around psychological responses to climate change, showing emotional and functional impairments. The concept of “climate change anxiety” (CCA) is still being developed, and more research is needed to explore how it interacts with mental health, particularly in youth. This study aimed to explore the degree to which CCA differentiates from other mental health problems in youth. As a secondary aim, this study also explored how CCA relates to transdiagnostic mental health factors. An anonymous online survey recruited a volunteer sample of youth aged 16–24 in the UK. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) explored the underlying structure of CCA alongside depression and generalised anxiety. The best fitting model was expanded on as a structural equation model to explore relationships with the transdiagnostic factors. The best fitting CFA model was found to be a three-factor model, suggesting that CCA, depression and generalised anxiety are not best represented as a unidimensional construct, but as three separate domains. CCA had moderate positive correlations with depression and generalised anxiety. The transdiagnostic factors were found to have weak relationships with CCA, whilst they had stronger relationships with depression and generalised anxiety. Taken together, these results suggest that CCA differentiates from other mental health problems in youth. Alternative approaches for understanding and supporting youth with climate anxiety in line with current theory and research are discussed
Prenatal exposure to maternal asthma and asthma medication and neurodevelopmental outcomes: a population cohort study of 179,024 children
Get PDFBackground
Asthma exacerbations during pregnancy can adversely affect maternal and foetal health. However, prenatal exposure to asthma medication may itself impact child outcomes. This study aims to determine whether prenatal exposure to asthma medication was associated with a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Methods
A birth cohort was constructed using linked health and education records of children liveborn in Wales from 2009 to 2016, with up to 12 years follow-up. Generalized estimating equations with a binomial distribution and logit link function were employed to evaluate special educational need (SEN) and its causes, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), communication problems, behavioural, emotional, and social difficulties, learning difficulties, physical and medical difficulties, and sensory impairment. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Results
Of the 179,024 offspring, 11,991 (6.7%) had mothers with treated asthma, 4927 (2.8%) had mothers with untreated asthma, and 5265 (2.9%) had mothers who took asthma medication without a record of asthma. SEN was recorded in 50,955 (28.5%) children. Risk of overall SEN and ADHD was higher following prenatal exposure to short-acting beta-agonists (SABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) but also higher in the offspring of mothers with untreated asthma (SEN aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.23; ADHD aHR 1.70, 95% CI 1.42–2.05). ASD was associated with treated, but not untreated, asthma and the association with prenatal medication was specific to SABA as mono- or polytherapy (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05–1.37). However, a direct comparison of treated with untreated asthma was not statistically significant.
Conclusions
The non-specific associations with overall SEN and ADHD are likely to reflect their associations with asthma and confounding by indication/severity. The associations with ASD may reflect a treatment effect of SABA or confounding by severity. Further studies are needed to confirm or refute the former, to support evidence-based asthma management during pregnancy
Constraints mechanism of the Early Cenozoic cooling and denudation on the Outer Hebrides in the northwest of Scotland from joint apatite fission track and (U-TH-Sm)/He data
No full textTo constrain the mechanism driving early Cenozoic cooling and denudation in the Outer Hebrides, apatite fission track (AFT) analysis was conducted on 16 samples, with apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He (AHe) analysis on half of them. AFT ages range from 125.7 ± 13.2 to 245.7 ± 13.7 Ma, while the single-grain AHe ages are highly dispersed, ranging from 13.9 ± 1.4 to 176.1 ± 17.6 Ma with values showing a general decrease toward the south. These data, together with grain fragment dimensions from AHe data, were incorporated into the generation of thermal history models. The combined models show that the northern Outer Hebrides started cooling during the Permian to Triassic, while the southern part cooled later, around the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. Estimates of denudation predicted are approximately 1–2.5 km during the cooling episode from the Permian to the Early Jurassic, which coincides with Pangaea's breakup, triggering lithospheric thinning, rifting, fault reactivation, and removal of synrift topography. From the Middle Jurassic to the Cretaceous, the area experienced much slower, monotonic cooling, with approximately 0.1–1 km of denudation. Then the entire region underwent synchronous cooling and denudation in the early Cenozoic (∼65 ± 5 Ma), likely driven by mantle plume initiation and magmatic underplating which extends from east Greenland to St. Kilda and northwest Scotland inferred from geophysical studies rather than compressive stress from Alpine Orogeny or North Atlantic rifting. In addition, spatial denudation amount around 65 Ma along the Outer Hebrides suggests uneven underplating beneath the Outer Hebrides, decreasing from east to west and north to south
Children at work and play. Observations from the Khovsgol Province, Mongolia, the Saloum Delta, Senegal and Mutitjulu, Central Australia
Get PDFSpending time in traditional non-Western economies helps to reduce reliance on modern perspectives. Based on informal interactions with children as I worked with their parents in Mongolia, Senegal and Australia, I offer some observations on their lives and economic roles. Unlike in Western cultures where adult work is frequently separate, in traditional societies, this tends to include children. Children still play of course, with an emphasis on role playing, but they also work. Parallels between different places include full contribution of children in adult subsistence and a well-developed knowledge of their environment. By around the age of six years, they are active economic contributors, participating in responsible tasks within a flexible approach that allows them to work according to their limitations, often using adult tools. The similar way in which children are treated as an integral part of economic and social structures in different places, in a way that is very different from today’s Western world, is notable
Strengthening Belonging for Young African Migrants in the UK [UK Policy Brief (RASTAY Project)]
Get PDFYoung people of Nigerian and Zimbabwean migrant backgrounds in Birmingham and London report layered pressures: everyday racism and ‘othering’, high parental and community expectations, and a sense of being caught between British society and heritage cultures. Faith and spirituality often provide belonging, practical support and identity resources—but existing services and faith settings do not always meet youth needs. Problem: Young African-background youth face exclusion and identity strain that can escalate into isolation, poor mental wellbeing and risky coping. * Headline action 1 (6–12 months): Fund youth-led Faith & Culture Hubs that combine safe space, mentoring, and referral pathways. * Headline action 2 (6–12 months): Build local ‘Belonging Coalitions’ (councils + schools + NHS + faith groups) with a practical toolkit to tackle everyday racism and isolation. * Headline action 3 (6–12 months): Support and safeguard youth-led digital faith networks (WhatsApp/YouTube/TikTok) that already connect young people across cities and borders. Expected benefit: Stronger belonging and wellbeing for young people, better early support through trusted community routes, and improved social cohesion in diverse urban areas
Educating China in Europe: Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and Modernity, 1907-1946
No full textThis book offers the first comprehensive study of cosmopolitanism in education between China and Europe from the late Qing to the Republican period.
Drawing on previously untapped archives, it examines transnational Sino-French educational initiatives led by the World Society, an anarchist learning association, from 1907 to 1946. Readers gain insight into the journals published in France that promote the World Society’s educational experiments, revealing how cosmopolitan ideals shaped by anarchist principles negotiate with nationalism. The book explores how these ideals, rooted in a transcendent vision of humanity, intertwine with the universalism of modern Western thought, ultimately taking the form of a hierarchical and aggressive mode of cosmopolitanism.
Educating China in Europe is written for scholars and students of Chinese studies, transnational education, and modern intellectual history, and is valuable for those researching anarchism, cosmopolitanism, and Sino-European relations
What needs to change to make evidence-based teaching the norm? [blog post]
No full textHow can we expect high-quality teaching if we don't fund the research that makes it possible? Nic Labrosse and Alison Voice make the case for evidence-informed teaching
Participatory design for human-robot interaction with Syrian refugees and asylum seekers
No full textThe Syrian refugee crisis is among the largest globally. We are developing a social robot tailored to the needs of displaced Syrians hosted in Scotland. As part of a mixed-methods study to understand the needs of this population and the possible use cases of the robot, we conducted two focus groups with Syrian refugees and asylum seekers residing in Glasgow. Using thematic analysis, we identified these participants’ unmet needs and existing gaps in access to services. Participants observed an Arabic-speaking social robot, and together we explored its potential as a solution to help navigate bureaucratic processes and access services. The participants expressed curiosity and enthusiasm about the robot. As they shared experiences of homelessness and displacement, they also highlighted bureaucracy and the English language as key barriers to accessing services. This study identifies key design requirements for developing a multilingual support robot for refugees and asylum seekers
Intimate encounters: explorations in co-writing, collective autoethnography, poetics and fictional writings
No full textNo abstract available
Tribal origin and gender: identity work in women’s entrepreneurial journey in Saudi Arabia
Get PDFWomen entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia face significant challenges: legal, regulatory, social, and others related to the traditional family norms. Despite these constraints, many women succeed. Using a social constructionist feminist lens, we analyze the experiences of 27 women entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia, focusing on their ethnic/tribal origin and related religious ideology to answer the question: How do Saudi women from tribal origin develop an entrepreneurial identity? Through a qualitative-interpretivist approach, we explore the narratives of women from tribal origins who start businesses and examine how their tribal and gender identities shape their entrepreneurial identity. Using the metatheoretical framework of liminality, we identify three phases of entrepreneurial identity formation for tribal women: separation, transition, and incorporation. We discuss the conditions prompting separation from their tribal and gender identity, the dynamics of identity work during the transition phase, and the issues faced in the incorporation phase. Our findings offer new insights into identity work in entrepreneurship by analyzing the interplay between gender and tribalism, we show that women from tribal backgrounds encounter great barriers and engage in identity work to incorporate their entrepreneurial identity
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