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Over 300 mW O-band 8-channel DFB laser array for optical I/O technology
Get PDFA high-power distributed feedback laser array suitable for optical I/O applications is demonstrated. The epitaxial structure incorporates a high-refractive-index layer in the N-doped region to improve single-transverse-mode characteristics and reduce internal loss, enabling single-mode operation at a ridge width of 5 µm with an internal loss of 3 cm-1. An asymmetric π-phase-shift, implemented using the reconstruction-equivalent chirp technique, ensures high single-mode yield. The fabricated array achieves output powers above 300 mW per channel at 25 °C with 800 mA injection current and exhibits uniform channel spacing with side mode suppression ratios exceeding 50 dB. Stable single-longitudinal-mode operation is maintained without mode hopping over a broad current and temperature tuning range. Under simultaneous operation at an injection current of 300 mA per channel, all channels of the laser array deliver output powers exceeding 100 mW, with an average wavelength deviation of 0.0692 nm. The devices further show a minimum Lorentzian linewidth of 300 kHz, and relative intensity noise of –154 dB/Hz, demonstrating strong potential for high-speed optical interconnects
The potential impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on exacerbation risk in patients with COPD and type 2 diabetes: A real-world population-based observational study
No full textIntroduction
There is limited evidence on the impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Material and Methods
We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study including patients aged ≥40 years with COPD and T2D. Patients initiating GLP-1 RAs were matched 1:1 with GLP-1 naïve controls based on age, sex, smoking status, COPD treatment (LABA/LAMA/ICS), and exacerbation history. The index date was defined as the first GLP-1 RA prescription, control’s index date was a COPD consultation within 186 days of matched patient index. The primary outcome was the number of COPD exacerbations during the 12 months following the index date. Secondary outcomes included oral corticosteroid (OCS) prescriptions and hospital resource utilization (HCRU). Poisson regression models adjusted for BMI and other confounders were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR).
Results
A total of 4479 matched patients were included. There were no significant differences between groups in exacerbation rates or OCS use in the year prior to the index date. During follow-up, patients treated with GLP-1 RAs had significantly fewer exacerbations (adjusted IRR [aIRR] 0.84, 95% CI: 0.79–0.89) and fewer OCS prescriptions (aIRR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77–0.95) compared with controls. A significant delay in time to first OCS prescription was also observed.
Conclusion
In this real-world cohort, initiation of GLP-1 RA treatment in patients with COPD and T2D was associated with lower COPD exacerbations and OCS use. These findings suggest a potential role for GLP-1 RAs in modifying the course of COPD in this comorbid population, warranting randomised trials
Tetraevangelia in Orthodox Liturgical Calendars: Byzantine Manuscripts and Church Practices
No full textNo abstract available
Critical edition of the Ladder of John Sinaites based on the Sinaitic manuscript branch
No full textNo abstract available
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in cardiovascular disease or cancer: a population-based cohort study
No full textBACKGROUND: Inflammation contributes to development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer.
Whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), routinely available from blood counts, predicts prognosis in the
general population is uncertain.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of NLR with mortality in people with and
without CVD or cancer.
METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we used National Health Service records from the Greater Glasgow &
Clyde region for people aged >50 years in 2012. Participants were classified hierarchically into 5 exclusive groups:
history of cancer, heart failure (HF, or dispensed loop diuretics), CVD, CV risk factors only, or none. Mortality was tracked
until December 2019.
RESULTS: We identified 223,388 people with NLR measured between 2014 and 2015: 106,973 (48%) with CV risk
factors only, 14,490 (7%) with CVD, 23,009 (10%) with HF or dispensed loop diuretics, 8,677 (4%) with cancer, and
70,239 (31%) none of these features. Median NLR was lowest in the latter group (2.0 [1.5-2.7]) and highest in those with
HF or dispensed loop diuretics (2.7 [1.9-3.9]) or cancer (2.7 [1.9-4.1]). Median follow-up was 5.0 years (IQR: 4.4-5.0). In
models adjusted for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and hemoglobin, the highest NLR quartile predicted
higher mortality across all groups (HR [95% CI] 2.07 [1.98-2.17] for CV risk factors and 2.18 [2.02-2.36] for none; 1.87
[1.70-2.04] for CVD, 2.10 [1.98-2.24] for HF or loop diuretics, and 2.30 [2.10-2.52] for cancer).
CONCLUSIONS: Higher NLR is associated with greater mortality in adults with and without CVD, HF or cancer,
suggesting it could enhance population risk scores
The Public Health Approach to Violence Reduction: Stories, Movements, and Hope
No full textNo abstract available
Global metabolomics identifies new extracellular biomarkers of nanovibration-driven mesenchymal stem cells osteodifferentiation
Get PDFBone-related conditions are a leading cause of disability and rising healthcare costs, prompting interest in tissue engineering solutions using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). As part of an effort to eliminate synthetic osteogenic compounds, this study characterizes the metabolic adaptations of MSC to chemical-free nanovibration (or nanokicking, NK)-induced osteodifferentiation. Through articulation of conventional gene/protein/functional markers and a global metabolomics/lipidomics strategy, our findings indicate successful slow-paced osteodifferentiation, expressed by subtle and partially reversible intracellular changes, and pronounced, largely irreversible, extracellular alterations. The initial 7 days post-stimulation are accompanied by high energy demands and phosphocholine hydrolysis, both effects attenuated thereafter. In contrast, early membrane remodeling persists until day 21, possibly to facilitate increased membrane fluidity, vesicle formation and activated signaling cascades. Also after day 7, increased antioxidant activity, redox regulation, and glycerolipid redirection towards phospholipid biosynthesis are evident. Concurrent sphingolipid modulation may support the synthesis of bioactive lipids, phosphate production for mineralization and lipid raft assembly. NK was reinforced as a more targeted osteocommitment induction strategy, compared to traditional protocols, with cellular metabolic adaptations likely to involve upregulation of several kinases (e.g., ERK1/2, Akt, p70S6K, creatine kinase), glutathione peroxidase and lipophagy. This global metabolomics approach unveiled the overall metabolic features of NK-induced osteodifferentiation of human adipose tissue MSC and highlighted the potential of extracellular metabolite signatures to monitor differentiation dynamics in real-time and gain deeper insight into nano-bio interactions
Hermitians in matrix algebras with operator norm and associated Lie algebras - II
No full textThis is a continuation of Crabb et al. (2021) [5] and Duncan and McGregor (2022) [6] and (2024) [7] in which we studied the real space H of Hermitian matrices in MN(C) with respect to norms on CN. Here we look further at properties relating to H as a Lie algebra. We introduce the concept of well-embeddedness, and in that context we determine the only simple Lie algebras which can appear in the decomposition of H. Other topics covered include radicals, semisimplicity and Levi factors. Throughout, examples are used to illustrate situations that can arise and properties that are established
Highly reducible polyoxometalate–Dy(III) SMM hybrid materials with exceptional charge stability
No full textLanthanide single-molecule magnets (SMMs) continue to draw attention as potential building blocks for ultra-dense data storage devices due to their bistable magnetic ground states and pronounced magnetic anisotropy. To realise this potential, however, a deeper understanding of how molecular magnetic memory responds to structural and environmental perturbations is critical. One essential criterion is the retention of magnetic bistability in the presence of nearby charge or charge fluctuations. Air-stable Dy(III) SMMs with pseudo-D5h symmetry are known to exhibit extremely slow magnetic relaxation, attributed to a strong axial crystal field and symmetry-imposed suppression of quantum tunnelling of magnetisation (QTM). Here we report a new high-performance, hybrid compound, [Dy(H2O)5(Cy3PO)2][Mo12PO40]·2(Cy3PO)·4THF·2H2O·Et2O (1), incorporating the bulky polyoxometalate [Mo12PO40]3− in the second coordination sphere. Upon exposure to UV light or X-rays, partial reduction of Mo(VI) to Mo(V) (ca. 3%) yields 1Red, a hybrid material that demonstrates enhanced magnetic blocking, evidenced by increased TB(Hyst) and TIRREV relative to 1. Importantly, we introduce a dilution strategy using an optically dilute, diamagnetic KBr matrix to enhance Mo reduction. This approach boosts Mo(V) content to ca. 30% in 1Red@KBr while preserving the slow relaxation dynamics of the Dy(III) complex. These results highlight the magnetic resilience of the [Dy(H2O)5(Cy3PO)2]3+ motif in charged environments and establish a basis for exploring magneto-optical and magneto-electric behaviours in SMM hybrid materials
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