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How class influences the ethnic identity of Chinese immigrants in the UK: citizenship, work, and solidarity
No full textOne of the current focal points of ethnicity research is the relationship between ethnic identity and social inequality. This paper examines how immigrants' understandings of ethnicity are influenced by class. Through life-history interviews with 28 Chinese immigrants in the UK, I focus on the experiences and feelings of immigrants from different social classes crossing borders, as well as how these experiences influence their understanding of ethnicity and identity, which often involve ethnically salient situations and the ways they draw ethnic boundaries. By focussing on immigrants' citizenship acquisition and work strategy development, I show three ways that class affects ethnicity: the extent of barriers when crossing borders, the ability to use transnational capital, and the forms of solidarity. This work contributes to the study of the intersection between ethnicity and class, revealing the heterogeneity of Chinese immigrants in the UK from a class perspective
The value of information flows in the stock market
No full textStock market traders who trade because of information they possess reveal that information to the rest of the market in the process of bidding: if the information is positive they bid up the price, and if it is negative they lower it. New information constantly develops and is brought to the market in this way, and because it influences prices, it ultimately influences the allocation of investments by firms.
Using a new approach, we estimate the flow of this information and the price of that information (different from the stock price), and thus the total value of that information, for each stock, and then sum up this value across all stocks, obtaining an estimate of the total value of the dynamic flow of information in the stock market as a whole. This requires digesting the records of millions of stock orders (including cancelled orders, not just executed trades) to construct the dynamic limit order book and estimate the information flow and value from its structure.
Our results support the notion that the cross-correlation of price impact across stocks is consistent with the capital asset pricing model: there is a single systematic component of price impact, and this is driven by the volatility of the systematic component of the stock market. This result suggests that by separating the underlying information into two components, systematic and idiosyncratic, informed traders distinguish between productive assets that have a systematic impact on the economy and those that can be diversified
A flow control technique for the manipulation of plume structures in plume-surface interaction
No full textWe propose an active flow control technique using fluidic injectors to manipulate plume structures in plume surface interaction (PSI) phenomena during soft landing on planetary surfaces. While fluidic injectors are mainly proposed for noise reduction in aircraft engines, this study focuses on their application under planetary environments to modulate plumes extended by high nozzle pressure ratios. To investigate the performance of this proposed jet-jet interaction technique, which transverse supersonic jets penetrate a main hypersonic jet, we conduct both numerical simulations and experiments using four Mach 2.5 injector nozzles arranged around a Mach 5.8 main nozzle, under Martian ambient surface pressure. The jet-jet interaction reduces a Mach number of an impinging main jet on a perpendicular plate and expands its jet radius. These effects depend on the mass flow rate ratio between the main jet and the injector. Due to the reduced shock cell length, the highest mass flow rate ratio significantly decreases the stagnation pressure at the jet impingement centreline on the plate by approximately 90 % compared to the case without jet-jet interaction, whereas a pressure rise occurs in the radial direction due to jet expansion. These pressure changes may still alter regolith erosion. Furthermore, a wall shear stress associated with erosion dynamics is reduced by the jet-jet interaction. Although we successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of the jet-jet interaction using fluidic injectors for plume modulation under Martian ambient pressure, further investigations of the jet impingement on a soil bed are required to clarify the effects of this technique on erosion dynamics
The Effect of High-Mountain Asia Topography on Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Flow
Get PDFLarge mountain regions influence local- and global-scale atmospheric flow through mechanical
forcing and changes in temperature and pressure fields. The topography of High-Mountain
Asia (HMA), for example, is critical for the development of important characteristics of the Indian
Monsoon. In this study, global climate model sensitivity experiments are applied to quantify the
magnitude and geographical extent of the effects of HMA topography on Northern Hemisphere
atmospheric flows. A series of ECHAM5-wiso (climate model) experiments were set up, in which
HMA topography is reduced incrementally by 25% of its current height. All other boundary
conditions, such as greenhouse gas concentrations and ice cover, are kept constant. The impact of
the simulated topographic changes on the Eurasian Wave Train (EWT), which is critical for
Northern Hemisphere atmospheric transport, is evaluated by examining the loading patterns from
empirical orthogonal functions analyses conducted on the simulated pressure and wind fields. The
impact of HMA topography on the intensity and extent of meridional flow in South Asia is assessed
by examining wind speeds at different pressure levels. Changes in the EWT are particularly
prominent in (Central) Asia. These may be attributed to the significant changes in pressure fields
west of the Tibetan Pleateau as the topography in the HMA region is varied. Furthermore,
increasing HMA topography from 0% to 100% significantly increases
1) average meridional summer wind speeds (by ≤10 m/s) at the 200hPa and 1000hPa
levels, and 2) the extent of northward, monsoonal flow over the Indian subcontinent. The
simulations only predict notable northward flow over western and northern India in
summer if HMA topography is set to ≥50% of its modern height. The flow’s northeastern extent is
restricted to 25°N-65°E in the absence of HMA topography, but reaches 33°N-75°E when it is fully
developed
MAPK-driven epithelial cell plasticity drives colorectal cancer therapeutic resistance
No full textThe colorectal epithelium is rapidly renewing, with remarkable capacity to regenerate following injury. In colorectal cancer (CRC), this regenerative capacity can be co-opted to drive epithelial plasticity. While oncogenic MAPK signalling in CRC is common, with frequent mutations of both KRAS (40-50%) and BRAF (10%)1, inhibition of this pathway typically drives resistance clinically. Given the development of KRAS inhibitors, and licensing of BRAF inhibitor combinations2-4, we have interrogated key mechanisms of resistance to these agents in advanced preclinical CRC models. We show that oncogenic MAPK signalling induces epithelial state changes in vivo, driving adoption of a regenerative/revival stem like population, while inhibition leads to rapid transcriptional remodeling of both Kras- and Braf-mutant tumours, favoring a Wnt-associated, canonical stem phenotype. This drives acute therapeutic resistance in Kras- and delayed resistance in Braf-driven models. Importantly, where plasticity is restrained, such as in early metastatic disease, or through targeting ligand-dependent Wnt-pathway Rnf43 mutations, marked therapeutic responses are observed. This explains the super response to BRAF+EGFR targeted therapies previously observed in a BRAF/RNF43 co-mutant patient population, highlighting the criticality of cellular plasticity in therapeutic response. Together, our data provides clear insight into the mechanisms underpinning resistance to MAPK targeted therapies in CRC. Moreover, strategies that aim to corral stem cell fate, restrict epithelial plasticity or intervene when tumours lack heterogeneity may improve therapeutic efficacy of these agents
Deficiency of vital organic nutrients in ecosystems limits brain development and fitness in wild fish
Get PDFAnimals in aquatic ecosystems impacted by global changes often face reduced availability of vital organic compounds, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), vital for brain development and cognition. Cognitive skills are crucial for buffering the impacts of environmental stress on fitness, yet the link between the quality of diet and fitness-enhancing behaviours of individuals in food webs altered by global change remains unclear. We examined how dietary n-3 LC-PUFA affect brain development, social dominance, and growth in territorial juvenile salmonids in a large-scale model of a natural pre-alpine stream. For this assessment, we used wild fish whose diet quality was estimated using stable isotope analysis, and hatchery reared fish exposed to dietary treatments in a common-garden experiment. In both wild and common garden experiment fish, diets low in n-3 LC-PUFA led to a decreased content of n-3 LC-PUFA in brain tissue but did not affect brain mass, morphology (i.e., mass of brain regions), or neuron numbers. Fish with lower brain n-3 LCPUFA content exhibited reduced competitiveness in social interactions and suboptimal habitat use, resulting in slower somatic growth. Our findings indicate that the limited availability of n-3 LC-PUFA in aquatic food webs may impair the behavioural flexibility of top aquatic consumers, possibly with negative impacts on their capacity to maintain high fitness in ecosystems altered by environmental change
Clinical evidence and reporting standards in reirradiation: Insights from 28 studies at ESTRO 2025, endorsed by the ESTRO reirradiation focus group
Get PDFBackground: Reirradiation (reRT) has become an increasingly relevant treatment option across multiple tumor sites, supported by technological advances that improve precision and safety. At the ESTRO 2025 Annual Meeting, 28 clinical studies on reRT were presented. This work provides a structured synthesis of their clinical outcomes and assesses adherence to the ESTRO-EORTC reporting recommendations. Materials and methods: All abstracts presented at ESTRO 2025 (n = 2,962) were screened to identify reRT studies (n = 51). Only studies reporting at least one clinical outcome were retained (n = 28). ReRT was classified as type 1 (with geometric overlap of irradiated volumes) or type 2 (without overlap but with potential OAR dose concerns). Each study was evaluated using the 10 mandatory ESTRO-EORTC reporting criteria, covering demographics, performance status, organ function, recurrence classification, target volume, technique and dose, interval since RT1, cumulative OAR doses, method for dose summation, and CTCAE toxicity. Reporting scores ranged from 0 to 10. Results: The 28 studies encompassed brain, head and neck, thoracic, pelvic, prostate, metastatic, and pediatric settings. Clinical outcomes were encouraging in selected series, with local control >85 % in the phase I DESTROY-1 dose-escalation trial, median overall survival >40 months in lung and prostate cohorts, and grade ≥ 3 toxicity generally below 10 %. Reporting quality was heterogeneous: the median score was 5/10 (IQR 4-7). Demographics, prescribed dose, and technique were consistently reported, whereas organ function, cumulative OAR doses, and methods for dose summation were often omitted. Classification as type 1 or type 2 reRT was explicitly provided in only a minority of abstracts. Items such as baseline organ function were often missing, particularly in CNS studies where standardized tests are rarely applicable. Conclusion: The ESTRO 2025 abstract set illustrates both the clinical potential and methodological variability of modern reRT. While outcomes are promising across several sites, adherence to standardized reporting remains limited, underscoring the need for consistent implementation of ESTRO-EORTC recommendations to enable comparability and harmonization
An arithmetic method algorithm optimizing k-nearest neighbors compared to regression algorithms and evaluated on real world data sources
Get PDFLinear regression analysis focuses on predicting a numeric regressand value based on certain regressor values. In this context, k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) is a common non-parametric regression algorithm, which achieves efficient performance when compared with other algorithms in literature. In this research effort an optimization of the k-NN algorithm is proposed by exploiting the potentiality of an introduced arithmetic method, which can provide solutions for linear equations involving an arbitrary number of real variables. Specifically, an Arithmetic Method Algorithm (AMA) is adopted to assess the efficiency of the introduced arithmetic method, while an Arithmetic Method Regression (AMR) algorithm is proposed as an optimization of k-NN adopting the potentiality of AMA. Such algorithm is compared with other regression algorithms, according to an introduced optimal inference decision rule, and evaluated on certain real world data sources, which are publicly available. Results are promising since the proposed AMR algorithm has comparable performance with the other algorithms, while in most cases it achieves better performance than the k-NN. The output results indicate that introduced AMR is an optimization of k-NN
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