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C.T.C. Wall's 1964 articles on 4-manifolds
No full textI survey C. T. C. Wall's influential papers, ‘Diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds’ and ‘On simply-connected 4-manifolds’, published in 1964 on pp. 131–149 of volume 39 of the Journal of the London Mathematical Society
Multidimensional analysis of human outdoor comfort: Integrating just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) in urban digital twins
No full textHow can bidirectional information exchange be enhanced in urban digital twins, and support human-centric data and processes? Their key characteristic is the nearly real-time exchange of information, allowing adjustments to physical environments based on simulations and analytics within virtual models. Yet, achieving such interaction remains challenging, particularly regarding device deployment and infrastructure development. Embracing the concept of humans as sensors, this work develops a two-way framework based on the emerging concept of just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs), exploring how urban digital twins can play a role in understanding and enhancing human comfort outdoors. Human comfort outdoors is inherently spatio-temporal and personalised, influenced by multisensory perception. The JITAIs framework involves collecting human comfort data and delivering interventions tailored to contextual and personal conditions. Thus, bidirectional information exchange will be established between humans and urban environments, thereby closing the loop in urban digital twins. A three-week campus experiment with 14 participants demonstrates this framework in two phases: (1) collecting comfort perception data and (2) delivering tailored interventions based on comfort perception and contextual features. End-of-day surveys reveal that 18.4% of responses indicated no behaviour change influenced by JITAIs, while 53.1% acknowledged their role in improving the understanding of outdoor comfort. The JITAIs framework is still nascent, but demonstrates an instance to close information loop in urban digital twins, as well as paves the way for future research. This novel work will facilitate human-centric urban digital twins and their multidisciplinary applications, such as planning comfortable walking routes
Virtuous deferral
No full textVirtue epistemology has long struggled with the “Creditability Dilemma”: how can knowledge gained through deference be creditable to the knower if it primarily depends on others’ cognitive work? We propose a novel solution by developing a telic account of doxastic deference as a distinctive kind of social-epistemic performance. On our view, such deference succeeds when a deferrer forms a true belief that p in domain d, which answers their query, on the basis of the fact that a deferee states that p because of their epistemically superior competence in d. Drawing on Sosa's framework of performance assessment, we identify a metaphysical hierarchy of increasingly creditable achievements in deferential belief-formation, from mere accurate doxastic deferral through to fully apt doxastic deferral. This hierarchy reveals that the apparent tension between individual credit and epistemic dependence rests on an “inverse creditability” thesis which fails to apply in cases of deferential belief. Instead, the highest forms of deferential achievement often align with and track the cognitive achievements of those deferred to. This framework also illuminates expert identification and epistemic trespassing as problems of exercising deferential skill under suitably normal conditions
Urban transformation initiatives in Johannesburg and public space user perceptions
Get PDFUrban transformation has long been a priority for South African cities seeking to overcome the legacy of spatial and social segregation. In post-apartheid Johannesburg, this transformation is central to addressing inequality and promoting urban sustainability. This study focuses on public spaces as key sites of transformation, investigating whether urban initiatives have redressed socio-spatial segregation and how co-produced public spaces are perceived by everyday users. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research examines three public spaces along Fox Street through interviews, observation, and multisensory walking. Findings reveal that temporary-use practices, such as street performances and pop-up markets, play a significant role in activating public spaces and fostering social interaction. However, their impact is often short-lived without institutional support. Public space users expressed mixed perceptions, shaped by personal experiences, safety concerns, and accessibility. A strong preference for privately managed spaces over government-led initiatives reflects broader mistrust in local governance. Despite visible improvements, spatial fragmentation and socio-economic exclusion persist. This study contributes to urban transformation literature by highlighting everyday user experiences and the challenges of co-production in a historically divided urban context
AI Governance after MiFID II: Beyond (Mere) Technological Neutrality?
Get PDFThis article examines the evolving intersections between artificial intelligence (AI) and EU financial regulation, focusing on the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II). Grounded in the principle of technological neutrality, MiFID II seeks to enhance investor protection, safeguard market integrity, and ensure that innovation develops within competitive and well-regulated markets across the Union. The article argues, however, that while this neutrality renders the framework functionally enabling, it also leaves it normatively silent in the face of the distinctive and evolving risks introduced by financial AI. As AI applications become increasingly heterogeneous—both across the financial functions in which they are deployed and in their underlying lifecycles and value chains—MiFID II’s activity-based logic increasingly struggles to accommodate their diverse and evolving risk profiles. Reflecting the EU’s broader shift toward risk-based AI governance, the article outlines an initial taxonomy of financial AI applications designed to guide the proportionate alignment of regulatory obligations with AI-related risks, thereby supporting the continued adaptability, coherence, and future-proofing of EU financial services law
The historical patterns that have shaped contemporary genetic differentiation across populations of Arctic charr in Scotland
Get PDFGlacial history is an important contributor to contemporary biogeographical patterns because it has resulted in population fragmentation and consequently diversification. The Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a highly diverse, non-anadromous salmonid fish species in Britain and Ireland, which was probably anadromous when it colonized around the end of the last ice age. The colonization history of the species remains largely unexplored and so the potential impact on contemporary patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation remains unclear. To address this, we conducted a national-scale genetic study of Arctic charr using a genome-wide dataset of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (24,878 SNPs and 410 individuals) and mitochondrial ND1 sequences (238 sequences). We found that several mitochondrial haplotypes were shared across Britain, Ireland, and the wider Holarctic, which suggests that colonization occurred by multiple sub-lineages of the species’ Atlantic lineage. Genetic differentiation was not correlated with geographical distance among river catchments, highlighting the effect of spatial isolation and genetic drift. Several populations across different river catchments showed atypical ancestries and evidence for genetic mixing, which we speculate are due to asynchronous ice coverage and the presence of ice-dammed lakes. Our results highlight how glacial history can impact colonization and subsequently contemporary patterns of genetic differentiation in this widespread species
Pan-cancer evolution signatures link clonal expansion to dynamic changes in the tumor immune microenvironment
Get PDFCancer is an evolutionary process characterized by profound intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), which can be quantified using in silico estimates of cancer cell fractions (CCFs) of tumor-specific somatic mutations. We demonstrate a data-driven approach based on CCF distributions to identify 4 robust pan-cancer evolutionary signatures from 4,146 tumors across 17 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). These signatures define a continuum of cancer cell fractions reflecting neutral evolution, clonal expansion, and clonal fixation. Correlating evolutionary signatures with mutational and biological programs reveals that tumors enriched for clonal expansion and fixation are associated with immune evasion and distinct changes in the tumor immune microenvironment. Our analysis reveals a dynamic shift from adaptive to innate immune programs as tumors progress toward clonal fixation and escape immune surveillance, accompanied by the clonal expansion of driver genes modulating tumor-stroma interactions. These evolutionary dynamic subtypes are further associated with clinical outcomes and immunotherapy responses
“This Hall Has the Look of a City”: Display Strategies for Wax Ex-Votos and Botticelli’s Compositions for the Adoration of the Magi
Get PDFThis paper suggests that the deliberate, structured way in which wax ex-votos were arranged in the Florentine church of Santissima Annunziata should not be overlooked as a factor that contributed to the new compositional format employed by Sandro Botticelli for paintings of the Adoration of the Magi from the 1470s. This format went on to influence the work of other artists including Ghirlandaio and Leonardo da Vinci. Key members of the Medici family, including Piero and Lorenzo, were active at Santissima Annunziata, as both votaries and operai. This paper argues that it was Botticelli’s links to, and desire to impress, the Medici as patrons that may have contributed to using the ex-votos of Santissima Annunziata as an inspiration
A fast and adaptive LSTM-based surrogate model for predicting limitation performance of SFCLs in electric aircraft systems
Get PDFSuperconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is a
promising device for improving the reliability, safety, and stability
of electric aircraft by quickly and effectively limiting fault
currents. There is a need to build a surrogate model that can fast
and accurately predict the dynamic output of SFCL performance
for aircraft system level studies as well as for developing digital
twins. In this work, an electrothermal coupled finite element
model of the SFCL was established to obtain the dataset during
different fault scenarios. Then, a surrogate model is constructed
using a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to predict the
temperature, current, voltage, and resistance dynamic behaviors
of SFCLs under faults. The results show that the proposed LSTM
model can quickly predict the dynamic waveforms of SFCLs with
different tape and fault parameters. The accuracy of prediction of
the LSTM surrogate model is above 97%, and the relative error of
the waveform predictions is lower than 5%
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