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RISCS: RIS-aided integrated sensing and communications – a cyber-physical security perspective
No full textThis paper presents a comprehensive framework for modeling, detecting, and mitigating cyber-physical threats in wireless communication systems, spanning two architectures: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-assisted systems, and RIS-enabled Integrated Sensing and Communication (RIS-ISAC) systems. We first classify common attack vectors, including jamming, spoofing, eavesdropping, and data injection, and evaluate their impact across different system architectures. We then highlight system-specific vulnerabilities and assess corresponding mitigation strategies based on feasibility and implementation complexity. We present a Secure Integrated Sensing and Communication (SISAC)-enabled RIS framework designed to improve localization, sensing, and communication in RIS-assisted systems. Unlike traditional radio localization methods that depend on synchronized Base Stations (BS) and Time of Arrival (TOA) or Angle of Arrival (AOA) estimates, the introduction of RIS offers additional geometric reference points, thereby significantly enhancing localization accuracy. In the sensing domain, we focus on RIS-assisted localization and highlight that the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) is employed to determine the theoretical lower bound on the estimation accuracy of sensing metrics, which in turn guides RIS placement and configuration for improved coverage. Simulation results demonstrate that RIS directional selectivity significantly enhances the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the secrecy rate for the intended user while degrading performance for unintended locations. Specifically, simulation results quantify the impact of RIS configuration on SNR, MSE, secrecy-related metrics, and localization bounds, while experimental measurements using an RIS-assisted OFDM testbed validate the proposed anomaly detection mechanism under realistic propagation conditions. To validate the proposed framework, we implement a practical RIS-assisted anomaly detection testbed using pilot-aided OFDM and 4096 discrete RIS configurations. A novel detection algorithm jointly evaluates received SNR and Mean Squared Error (MSE) of channel estimation to flag potential eavesdroppers without requiring prior knowledge of their positions. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method enhances physical-layer security by achieving a consistently positive secrecy rate for legitimate users, while degrading the performance of detected eavesdroppers
Depression is both a risk factor for and outcome from traumatic brain injury in UK Biobank (N=502,356)
No full textBackground: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a known risk factor for poorer later-life outcomes and earlier mortality, but its association with psychological health is less well-characterized. We tested for associations between TBI and depression, each ascertained multiple ways, and in opposing directions (depression predicting TBI; TBI predicting depression). Methods: Using UK Biobank data (N=502,356) we investigated bi-directional associations between TBI (ICD-10 coded broad- or narrow-band TBI) and depression (self-report and/or incident ICD-10 coded). We tested this in each direction: baseline historic TBI predicting the incidence of subsequent depression and, separately, baseline depression predicting the incidence of a first subsequent TBI. All analyses were adjusted for age at UK Biobank baseline assessment, sex, educational attainment, deprivation, smoking history, alcohol intake, physical and neurological health conditions. Results: In participants with history of TBI (versus not), there was increased risk of subsequent incident depression, compared with participants with no documented TBI history (e.g. narrow-band TBI fully-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.18 risk of depression; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.87 to 2.55; P<0.001). In the other direction there was evidence that people with history of lifetime depression had significantly increased risk of subsequent incident TBI (e.g. HR = 1.76 of narrowband TBI, 95% CI = 1.61 to 1.94, P<0.001). Conclusion: We show significant associations between TBI and depression: depression was a risk factor for subsequent TBI in previously undiagnosed participants, but also vice-versa. Psychological support should be considered postTBI, however clinical management should consider premorbid psychological health as a possible contributing factor
Tailoring MXene/nickel cobalt phosphate composite for enhanced electrochromic and supercapacitor applications
Get PDFElectrochromic materials that simultaneously enable optical modulation and charge storage offer a promising route toward
multifunctional energy systems. Herein, we report a scalable synthesis of a nickel cobalt phosphate–MXene (NCP/Ti3C2)
composite engineered to couple fast ion transport with structural robustness. Using microwave‐assisted deposition followed by
spin coating, we constructed a conductive Ti3C2 network that intimately overlays the NCP matrix, forming an architecture that
overcomes the transport limitations and instability typically observed in MXene–phosphate hybrids. The optimized NCP/Ti3C2
film delivered a high coloration efficiency (~140 cm2
/C) and retained over 75% of its optical contrast after 1000 switching cycles.
It further exhibits an exceptional specific capacitance (~2300 F/g at 1 mV/s), reflecting markedly enhanced charge‐storage
kinetics. Assembled into an asymmetric electrochromic supercapacitor with activated carbon, the device achieved an energy
density of ~15 Wh/kg at a power density of ~1600 W/kg and maintained ~85% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles.
These combined optical and electrochemical performances position the NCP/Ti3C2//AC system as a compelling platform for
next‐generation wearable and multifunctional energy‐storage technologies
Introduction to special issue: The regulation of work beyond the labour market in (and from) Latin America
No full textNo abstract available
Predicting species diversity and community traits from remote sensing in species-rich grasslands
Get PDFSpecies-rich grasslands (SRGs) provide unique ecosystem services, yet they are some of the most understudied environments in Scotland. This is because their true extent is unknown, and their locations are often in unreachable areas. Remote sensing may ameliorate this by helping to distinguish between SRG classes and increase monitoring efforts. However, these applications have not been conducted across highly diverse grasslands at national scales. We aimed to address this by applying remote sensing techniques to multiple classes of species-rich grasslands, nationally. Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), we investigated the Spectral Variation Hypothesis, testing the relationship between species diversity (species richness) and spectral diversity (variation in surface reflectance using the coefficient of variation and standard deviation). Additionally, data was acquired from Sentinel-2 and Planetscope satellites, as well as the UAV data, assessing the prediction of grassland community traits (above ground biomass, sward height, and SPAD-measured chlorophyll) across multiple spatial (8 cm − 10 m) and spectral (8–13 bands) resolutions. The results contrast with prior studies of single sites and less diverse grasslands, indicating that there was no significant relationship between species diversity and the spectral diversity metrics, standard deviation (p = 0.120) and the coefficient of variation (p = 0.141), across seven of our study sites. The accuracy of grassland trait prediction varied largely with spatial and spectral resolution and the combination of predictor variables used. The UAV mounted multispectral Micasense predictor variables were most successful in predicting all traits: sward height, above ground biomass, and SPAD-measured chlorophyll (R2 = 0.545, R2 = 0.221, R2 = 0.167 respectively). The results suggest monitoring across species-rich grassland classes using remote sensing may be hampered by increased variation and confounding factors in these highly diverse habitats. Further methodological advancements are needed for wide scale cross-grassland habitat differentiation and monitoring, and field guidelines for remote sensing species-rich grasslands must be elaborated
GET TAE
No full textGET TAE is a departure of sorts that sees Melville embracing fixed forms, extending the poetic line and pushing the elegiac form into the past and the future. Here, the footnote asserts itself as the dominant vehicle for the ludic tenor of the poems. His deadpan humour and meta-linguistic play dovetail with Melville's typical topics and targets - the media, propaganda, power, neo-liberal ideology, fascism and global politics - through a very personal-is-political-pop cultural lens
Serious Play: Board Games as Pedagogical Tools (2) - Class Struggle
No full textIn this blog series Drs. Michael Toomey, Andrew Judge, and Jenny Morrison (all University of Glasgow) explore how board games can be used as effective pedagogical tools to bring abstract concepts to life in the classroom. Each entry focuses on a specific game, outlining its mechanics, practical classroom applications, and any possible adaptions or limitations to its use within a standard seminar set up. In examining individual games, they aim to provide a support resource for educators seeking to experiment with games as part of their classroom activities, as well as engage critically with when and why we might use games within teaching. This month the series continues with Jenny Morrison’s review of Class Struggle, a boardgame on the capitalist system
Understanding, justification and the agglomeration of risks of error
Get PDFA common motivation for denying the closure of justification under conjunction introduction is that it leads to paradox. In this paper, we argue that any adequate account of understanding involves rejecting the idea that agglomeration of justification across conjunctions is limited in the way critics of closure think it is, and we explore some of the epistemological implications of this insight
Ethnic domination and subaltern resistance: rituals and games of calculative transparency and secrecy in Malaysia’s whispering fish market
Get PDFDrawing on theories of secrecy and rituals, this ethnographic study examines how ethnic domination and resistance are organized through accounting and information control in West Malaysia’s fishing trade. We analyze the shift from the traditional bertaukey system, which linked Malay fishermen to Chinese merchants (taukeys) via paternalistic credit, to a “whispering market.” We demonstrate how Chinese taukeys used the traditional Tu’a Ledger to stage a ritual of transparency, rendering exploitative arrangements legitimate through ritual features of formality (which provides numbers an aura of objectivity), stereotypy (which uses standardized categories to limit questioning), condensation (which compresses complex relations into simple figures), and redundancy (which reaffirms authority through repeated entries). In response, Malay resistance constructed the “whispering market” as a platform for ritualized secrecy, strategically withholding and circulating information to create bargaining leverage. Taukeys counter this with ‘counter-secrecy’, employing ethnic cartels and gossip to neutralize uncertainty. The paper contributes to critical accounting by theorizing secrecy as a performative technology of power rather than a mere suspension of information. By distinguishing between transparency as a conjunctive ritual (creating apparent order) and secrecy as a disjunctive game (leveraging strategic uncertainty), we offer a framework for how accounting modulates the boundary between control and resistance. Ultimately, we illustrate why subaltern resistance can be both enabling and attritional
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