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Mechanical characterization of silicon for the ETpathfinder test masses
Get PDFThe next generation of gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope, is designed to reduce noise in a wide band of frequencies compared to the current generation, through the use of new technologies. ETpathfinder, designed as an R&D facility for these technologies, is a prototype for which the mirrors were chosen to be made of crystalline silicon, produced by the Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung. This material choice was made to pave the way for a low thermal noise level at cryogenic temperatures in the Einstein Telescope. This paper shows the mechanical loss of silicon designated to become the test masses for ETpathfinder in the range between room temperature and 53 K. In addition, the effect of the anisotropic nature of silicon on the measurement procedure is addressed. Predictions are made of the contribution of the mirror substrate material to the overall ETpathfinder noise budget
Neurodiversity in Scottish Schools: A framework for the implementation of a neurodiversity affirming change project in Scottish secondary schools
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The impacts of earmarked aid on development effectiveness and ownership
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The Golden Thread: Embedding Case Analysis and Consultancy Methods for External Collaboration in Management Programmes
Get PDFPolitical Change across Britain and Ireland: Identities, Institutions and Futures
No full textA comparative analysis of the nations, conducted by scholars on both sides of the Irish Sea.
Examines key issues across the nations rather than individual nations.
Brings the Republic of Ireland into the analysis, while recognising its distinct status.
Includes the question of England’s place in the Union.
Constitutional order across the islands of Britain and Ireland faces critical challenges with the rise of Scottish, Welsh and Irish nationalism, an emerging English consciousness, and Brexit. There is no resolution within the old assumptions about nations, states, sovereignty and borders. Nor can we rely on post-devolution practices in relations among the various governments based on bilateral relations between London and Dublin, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. Instead, Political Change across Britain and Ireland examines the whole web of what has been called the totality of relationships among the peoples of these islands, asking difficult questions about identities, institutions and prospects for the future
Observations of Atypical Users from a Pilot Deployment of a Public-Space Social Robot in a Church
No full textThough a goal of HRI is the natural integration of social robots into everyday public spaces, real-world studies still occur mostly within controlled environments with predetermined participants. True public spaces present an environment which is largely unconstrained and unpredictable, frequented by a diverse range of people whose goals can often conflict with those of the robot. When combined with the general unfamiliarity most people have with social robots, this leads to unexpected human-robot interactions in these public spaces that are rarely discussed or detected in other contexts. In this paper, we describe atypical users we observed interacting with our robot, and those who did not, during a three-day pilot deployment within a large working church and visitor attraction. We then discuss theoretical future advances in the field that could address these challenges, as well as immediate practical mitigations and strategies to help improve public space human-robot interactions in the present. This work contributes empirical insights into the dynamics of human-robot interaction in public environments and offers actionable guidance for more effective future deployments for social robot designers
Quantum-enhanced second harmonic generation beyond the photon pairs regime
Get PDFTwo-photon processes are crucial in applications like microscopy and microfabrication, but their low cross section requires intense illumination and limits, e.g., the penetration depth in nonlinear microscopy. Entangled states have been proposed to enhance the efficiency of two-photon interactions and have shown effectiveness at low intensities. This quantum enhancement is generally believed to be lost at high intensities, for more than one photon per mode, raising doubts about its usefulness. We explored experimentally and theoretically two-photon processes driven by entangled photons at intensities beyond this threshold and compared the results with the classical case. We found that a quantum advantage can still be observed at nearly one order of magnitude higher intensities than previously assumed. Our findings show a potential path for exploiting quantum-enhanced two-photon processes in practical applications
Single-cell transcriptional landscapes of Aedes aegypti midgut and fat body after a bloodmeal
Get PDFAedes aegypti mosquitoes transmit arboviruses that pose a growing global health threat. After a bloodmeal, mosquitoes experience complex physiological changes orchestrated by the midgut and fat body, beginning with digestion and culminating in egg production. Our study provides comprehensive midgut and fat-body cell atlases using single-cell RNA sequencing and metabolomics. Our analyses reveal highly diverse cell populations specialized in digestion, metabolism, immunity, and reproduction. The midgut primarily comprises enterocytes, enteroendocrine, and intestinal stem cells, while the fat body features trophocytes and oenocytes but also a substantial hemocyte population and a newly found fat-body-yolk cell population. Additionally, Phasi Charoen-like virus was detected in midgut cells 7 days post bloodmeal. These findings highlight the complexity of mosquito abdominal tissues and inform the development of refined vector-control strategies, focusing on specific cell populations and metabolic pathways essential for mosquito reproductive success. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Population dynamic and brokers’ credibility: explaining the limited use of electoral clientelism in poor Roma communities
Get PDFWhy is electoral clientelism used to such a limited extent in some poor communities? This article examines which factors on the supply and demand sides affect the use of electoral clientelism in several Roma communities in Romania due to their economic vulnerability. The inductive thematic analysis uses semi-structured interviews conducted with activists from nongovernmental organizations specializing in defending Roma rights. We find that the limited use of electoral clientelism is the result of fewer people living in the community and brokers’ limited credibility. These results add nuance more broadly to the relationship between clientelism and poverty
HbA1c variability and all-cause mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study using electronic health records
Get PDFTo investigate associations between HbA1c variability and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes, accounting for average HbA1c level METHODS: Mean HbA1c and variability score (HVS) were estimated for people aged 31-90 with diabetes (type 1 = 20,347, type 2 = 409,821) with 4 + HbA1c measurements recorded in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in 2011-14 and alive on 1/1/2015. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality, ascertained from national linked mortality data during 2015-17. HbA1c level and variability were mutually adjusted for each other and other measured confounders. Greater HbA1c variability was associated with younger age, non-white ethnicities (type 1 only), obesity, co-morbidities, and living in deprived areas. During follow-up, 1,043 (5.1 %) individuals with type 1 diabetes and 40,723 (9.9 %) individuals with type 2 diabetes died. In those with the most HbA1c variability compared to the least (HVS = 80-100 vs 0-20), the estimated adjusted HRs for mortality were 2.78(95 %CI 2.15, 3.60) in type 1 diabetes and 1.91(1.83, 1.99) in type 2 diabetes. Variability in HbA1c was associated with greater subsequent mortality among people living with diabetes, independent from average HbA1c. Future research should investigate whether reducing HbA1c variability over time in selected patients lowers mortality risk independent of HbA1c level improvements
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