192815 research outputs found
Sort by
The Blue Shield UK Underwater Heritage Working Group’s position paper on the UK’s ratification of the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage
No full textNo abstract available
Art Institute of Chicago returns sacred Buddha statue to Nepal
No full textThe sculpture was identified by the online heritage activist group Lost Arts of Nepal as matching one stolen from Kathmandu
Censorship challenges in public libraries: the past informs the present
No full textCensorship is a direct challenge to intellectual freedom, while Information Professionals are in a position to be guardians to defend those freedoms of thought, access to information and freedom of expression. CILIP Scotland President Dr David McMenemy looks at what we can learn from the past to inform our current decisions and actions
Estimating a minimum clinically important difference for the Developmental Behaviour Checklist – parent report
Get PDFBackground: Evaluating the effectiveness of interventions relies on understanding what change in a main outcome is sufficient to be considered meaningful. Our aim was to estimate a Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for the Developmental Behaviour Checklist, parent-report (DBC-P)- a measure of behavioural and emotional problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Methods: We generated distribution-based estimates through meta-analysis of intervention evaluations using the DBC-P as an outcome measure. We also generated anchor-based estimates using case scenarios with 10 parent carers and 21 professionals working with people with intellectual disabilities. Results: 21 studies were included in the meta-analyses and indicated an average DBC total raw score decrease of 3.01 or 4.73 (depending on analytic methods) in randomised controlled trials, and an average decrease of 9.16 points in pre-post designs. Parent carers provided a median MCID estimate of 6 (IQR 4, 7) and professionals provided a median estimate of 8 (IQR 5, 14). Conclusions: These findings contextualise DBC-P score changes in relation to outcomes from other interventions and parent carer and professional views. Which MCID value to choose depends on what factors are prioritised for an intervention
Exploring the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services to support ecological management in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
No full textUnderstanding the interactions among ecosystem services (ESs) is essential for effective ecological management. However, comprehensive investigations into the scale effects, socio-ecological drivers, and bundles of these interactions remain limited, thereby constraining our ability to apply trade-offs and synergies (TOSs) knowledge in ecological management. This study introduced a framework for exploring TOSs among ESs and tested it in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA). First, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services model was employed to map four typical ESs: carbon sequestration (CS), water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), and habitat quality (HQ). Second, the Pearson correlation coefficient and the geographically weighted regression model were utilized to analyze the relationships between ESs. The optimal parameters-based geographical detector model was then employed to identify socio-ecological drivers, and the self-organizing map was used to delineate the TOS bundles. Finally, ecological management strategies were formulated at both county and city scales. The results showed that: (1) The four ESs demonstrated spatial clustering at both county and city scales, with stable spatial patterns, although their quantities varied over time. From 2000 to 2020, the total values of CS and HQ declined by 1.19 % and 5.14 %, respectively, while WY and SC increased by 23.97 % and 41.58 %, respectively. (2) All ES pairs presented synergies, though their spatial patterns varied according to changes in spatial scale. The synergistic strengths of CS–WY, WY–SC, and WY–HQ decreased from 2000 to 2020, while those of CS–SC, CS–HQ, and SC–HQ increased. (3) Natural drivers exhibited stronger explanatory power than land use and socio-economic drivers, with precipitation being the most influential driver. Precipitation accounted for 38.89 % of the dominant drivers for ES interactions at the county scale and 44.44 % at the city scale. (4) Four TOS bundles were identified at the county scale and three at the city scale. (5) Knowledge of TOSs aids in ecological management decisions, particularly in zoning and strategic planning. These findings can optimize ecological management to minimize trade-offs and maximize the synergies among ESs in the YRDUA and other similar regions worldwide
The key design features and effectiveness of social network interventions for HIV testing and linkage services in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: HIV remains a global health challenge with a reported 39 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) in 2022. Sub‐Saharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific are home to 82% of PLHIV, where limited access to healthcare resources underscores the urgency of innovative strategies to combat the epidemic effectively. Social network interventions (SNIs) hold promise for improving HIV testing and linkage services by engaging populations at greatest risk. This review evaluates the key design features and effectiveness of SNIs for HIV testing and linkage in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Methods: We searched four databases (Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science) for the period from 1st January 2003 until 16th June 2023. A combination of the terms “Social Network,” “HIV,” “testing” and “linkage” with an LMIC filter was used. We included interventional study designs that compared an SNI for HIV testing and/or linkage to care against non‐network comparator approaches. Narrative synthesis and random effects meta‐analyses were conducted to synthesize the results. Results: Of the 6763 records, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria; eight were randomized controlled trials, and five were non‐randomized designs. Nine studies engaged key populations. The most common strategy involved recruiting and training seeds, who then delivered HIV services to network members. The use of networks varied significantly across the papers. The network approaches used were induction (n = 11), alteration (n = 1) and a combination of individual and segmentation approaches (n = 1). The pooled estimates showed that SNIs had a modest effect on the uptake of HIV testing RR 1.12 [95% CI 1.08−1.17) but the directionality of effect for the proportion newly diagnosed positive (RR 0.88 [95% CI 0.74−1.04]) and linkage to care (RR 0.98 [95% CI 0.86−1.08]) was towards the null. Discussion: SNIs improved the uptake of HIV testing and exhibit important variability in their design. Conclusions: There is a need for more studies designed to capture the complex relational dynamics of network interventions and to provide strong evidence on their isolated effects. Additionally, it is necessary to expand the use of network approaches to other priority populations
Prognostic impact of sustained reduction of N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide after initiating sacubitril/valsartan ― insights from the REVIEW-HF registry
Get PDFBackground: Serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) values after initiating sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) are
considered a favorable prognostic factor in patients with heart failure (HF). However the relationship between the trajectory of repeated NT-proBNP measurements and cardiovascular events after Sac/Val remains uncertain.
Methods and Results: A Japanese nationwide multicenter study enrolled 995 patients who were prescribed Sac/Val from August 2020 to August 2021. Of them, 434 patients who had a complete set of NT-proBNP measurements were divided into 3 groups: sustained-responder group (n=129), with ≥10% reduction in NT-proBNP at 1 month and further ≥10% reduction at 3 months; transientresponder group (n=161), with ≥10% reduction at 1 month but not at 3 months; and non-responder group (n=144), without ≥10% reduction at 1 month. There were no significant differences in the mean Sac/Val dose at each measurement point among the 3 groups. During a median follow-up of 456 (interquartile range: 371–549) days, the primary endpoint, which was either cardiovascular
death or hospitalization for HF, occurred in 78 patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the sustained-responder group had a
significantly higher event-free survival rate among the 3 groups (Log-rank P<0.001).
Conclusions: Repeated NT-proBNP monitoring and the pattern of the NT-proBNP trajectory after Sac/Val may be helpful in optimizing HF therapy and understanding the prognosis of HF
The use of bisphosphonate and testosterone in young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an international clinician survey
No full textObjectives: Delayed puberty and osteoporosis are significant challenges in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The current International Care Considerations for DMD recommend bisphosphonate after first fracture and testosterone for delayed puberty from 12 years. This study aimed to investigate the current clinical practices of clinicians managing osteoporosis and testosterone treatment in DMD.
Methods: An online survey was circulated to paediatric clinicians involved in the management of bone health and puberty in DMD via patient groups (UK, USA, Italy, Israel).
Results: A total of 51/105 (48 %) responses were received. For osteoporosis, vertebral fracture of any grade (86 %) and long bone fracture (67 %) were the most common indications for starting bisphosphonates, with IV zoledronate being the most used agent (86 %). Approaches varied in managing bisphosphonate side effects, and transitioning care to adult specialists. Opinions differed on starting bisphosphonate before fracture. Forty-nine clinicians managing pubertal disorders reported initiating testosterone for delayed puberty typically between 12 and 14 years, with majority prescribing intramuscular injections (96 %). Duration of testosterone therapy varied, with some using short-term courses and others continuing until adulthood.
Conclusions: This international survey highlights variability in the management of osteoporosis and delayed puberty in DMD. Recommendations on management of side-effects of IV bisphosphonate, osteoporosis therapy during transition, and longer-term treatment into adulthood is required. There is a need for further guidance on testosterone therapy, particularly in regard to monitoring after discontinuation and the threshold for re-initiation of treatment
气候诉讼比较研究论纲 = The comparative law of climate litigation: a research framework
No full textAs climate change litigation gains prominence across diverse jurisdictions, comparative research on this phenomenon is increasingly relevant. However, the contributions of comparative law to the scholarly discussion of climate litigation remain underexplored. This article argues that comparative law provides a valuable framework for analyzing emerging trends in climate litigation and offers well-established methodological approaches. We identify three key objects of comparison. First, examining different approaches to legal interpretation in climate litigation enhances understanding of the interplay between legal adaptability and the continuity of legal traditions. Second, analyzing the boundaries between judicial and political authority in climate governance facilitates a critical reassessment of the limitations of contemporary rule of law principles. Third, exploring judicial engagement with scientific knowledge reveals deeper epistemological assumptions about truth and expertise across legal cultures. This article also demonstrates the application of three comparative methods to climate litigation. The functionalist approach identifies shared challenges in climate litigation and the analogous legal mechanisms employed across jurisdictions. Social theory perspectives highlight the contestation of climate governance authority through litigation. Finally, cultural comparative law seeks to uncover the underlying normative and cognitive structures that shape climate litigation practices within different legal traditions
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇