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Translational framework for implementation evaluation and research: implementation strategies derived from normalization process theory
Get PDFBackground: Implementation strategies are deliberate systematic actions used to support the uptake of innovations in health and social care. While widely used taxonomies such as ERIC and EPOC have emerged from consensus exercises, few implementation strategies are explicitly derived from theory and tested against empirical data. This study develops a taxonomy of implementation strategies grounded in Normalization Process Theory (NPT), an implementation theory that explains how new practices become embedded and sustained. Methods: We conducted a qualitative evidence synthesis of studies that reported implementation projects informed by NPT. Studies were identified through citation tracking and database searches, screened using pre-specified criteria, and appraised for methodological quality. Using the NPT coding manual, we identified implementation mechanisms described in each study and translated these into candidate implementation strategies. These were then tested against all included studies through iterative qualitative content analysis. Result: Searches led to 9,147 references, and we then eliminated 5,708 duplicates. After title and abstract screening a further 1,443 were eliminated. Full text screening was undertaken with 1,996 papers, and 1,411 of these were eliminated. This left 585 papers subjected to quality assessment, of which 522 were eliminated. Finally, 63 papers were included in the review. Qualitative analysis of included papers yielded 24 general strategies linked to NPT’s theoretical constructs and 96 micro-strategies representing four domains of implementation activity: leadership, information, empowerment, and service user involvement. Each strategy was explicitly linked to an NPT construct. Conclusions: This study provides a theory-based and empirically grounded set of actionable implementation strategies. These are grounded in qualitative descriptions of implementation work. These strategies support practical decision-making across the planning, delivery, and sustainment phases of implementation, and offer context-sensitive guidance for adapting interventions to diverse settings. Unlike consensus-based taxonomies, these strategies are tied to observable mechanisms of action, enabling users to better understand and respond to the dynamic and socially organised nature of implementation. The NPT taxonomy of implementation strategies can support the design, tailoring, and operationalisation of implementation efforts across varied health and social care contexts
George Borrow: Northern verse translations from manuscript sources
No full textThe National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, received in 2002 a substantial bequest of books and manuscripts (now shelfmarked Acc. 12091) by and relating to the Victorian translator and traveller, George Borrow (1803-1881). The archive offers a unique insight into Borrow’s activities as a translator, especially of Old English and Old Norse verse. This contribution provides texts of four of Borrow’s translations from epic and saga which have either gone unprinted or are known only in significantly different versions. They are: five stanzas or 39 lines from Frithiof’s Saga from the Swedish of Esaias Tegnér; ‘The War Song of King Athelstan’, or ‘Brunanburh’, from the Old English, in 104 lines; Egil’s ‘Head-Ransom’ (‘Höfudlausn’), in three stanzas (24 lines) from the Icelandic Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar; and 312 lines from Beowulf. Source texts accompany all except the last, which Borrow may have translated from N. F. S. Grundtvig’s Danish rendering
Mapping Success: Enhancing Pre-Clinical Student Learning with a Curriculum Mapping Tool
No full textNo abstract available
This Week in Parasitism - TWiP 254: Our hero Dickson
No full textTWiP explains a study which finds that tissue spaces are reservoirs of antigenic diversity for Trypanosoma brucei, then remembers our departed colleague Dickson Despommier
This Week in Parasitism - TWiP 262: Do schistosomes affect behavior?
No full textTWiP reviews research suggesting that schistosome infection affect behavior through the gut-brain axis, and Chuck Knirsch joins to reminisce about Dickson Despommier
Creolizing the Modern: Transylvania Across Empires by Anca Parvulescu and Manuela Boatcă. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2022. 261 pp. $34.95 (pbk). ISBN: 9781501766565.
No full textNo abstract available
Investigating the appropriateness of a course evaluation model: preservice teachers’ flipped learning experience
Get PDFParlett and Hamilton’s (1972) Illuminative Evaluation Model (IEM) was adopted to research course evaluation in flipped learning environments. An integrated data set, including teaching videos, interviews from 17 preservice teachers, and course materials, was collected and analyzed in an educational sciences course. Both quantitative and qualitative data showed that this model, within its learning milieu and instructional systems aspects, had the potential to be a suitable method for instructors to evaluate the quality of their flipped courses. These relationships between the learning milieu and instructional systems provide evidence of the complexity of evaluation. This study demonstrates how the IEM helps uncover the design of a flipped educational sciences course and offers a suitable model for flipped course evaluation. Finally, the implications of this study for general instructional design are discussed
Hybrid statistical process monitoring of wire Arc additive manufacturing with frequency informed deep learning
No full textArc welding is classified as a special process under ISO standards, making process monitoring a critical
component of the welding and Additive Manufacturing (AM) certification procedure. Nowadays, the advancements
in data analysis have led to the growing use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques for real-time
weld quality assessment. However, due to their simple design and minimal data requirements, traditional
Statistical Process Monitoring (SPM) methods, such as control charts, remain widely used for evaluating
process quality and detecting anomalies. Despite their significance, traditional SPM techniques struggle
when dealing with multi-variate and high-frequency data typical of Industry 4.0 contexts, making their application
challenging and highlighting the need for new approaches to data analysis. Therefore, in this study,
we propose an innovative hybrid deep learning-based SPM technique for in situ monitoring of theWire Arc
Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process, with the aim of making SPM more effective in this setting. In
particular, an experimental campaign was conducted using the Invar36 alloy, and an online anomaly detection
application was developed using ML methods to improve the performance of SPM. Specifically, a
Frequency-Informed Convolutional AutoEncoder (FICA) is used as a sensor fusion technique for welding
current and welding voltage data. The obtained latent space across additional temporal dimensions – which
fuse the high-frequency information in a low dimensional space - is then analysed using an Exponentially
Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) chart to detect anomalies during production. The results demonstrate
that the proposed methodology improves anomaly detection performance compared to conventional SPM
techniques, with the F2-score improving from 71.1% to 81.3%
Neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer: a repeat UK-wide survey after implementation of national intensity modulated radiotherapy guidance
No full textAims:
Rectal cancer management has changed significantly in the last decade with the introduction of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), minimally invasive surgery, brachytherapy, and organ preservation. A national survey of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was carried out in 2020 to support the development of national Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) guidance, published in 2021. We performed a repeat survey in collaboration with the RCR, to inform iterations of the RCR Guidance and establish treatment patterns across the UK to facilitate future research and development.
Materials and Methods:
A web-based survey was developed and tested by the authors prior to dissemination by the RCR to all UK radiotherapy centres. The repeat survey requested details and strategies of current radiotherapy techniques, including details on setup, doses, organs at risk, peer review, and verification, and asked for the standard management of 5 clinical cases within each multidisciplinary team (MDT) serving that radiotherapy centre. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out.
Results:
In total, 42 of 60 (70%) of the NHS centres across the UK answered the repeat IMRT rectal survey, which reflected 70 MDTs answering the clinical scenarios questions. 100% of centres that responded are routinely using IMRT, with 95% of centres using it in all patients. Variation in treatment delivery has reduced since the previous survey. The greatest difference is still in the use of simultaneous integrated boost and definition of organs at risk. The management for the clinical cases was widely different, with answers generally equally distributed between 2-4 options. The highest-scoring treatment strategies ranged from 24% to 57%.
Conclusion:
RCR guidance has helped standardise the delivery of radiotherapy to treat rectal cancer in the UK. The variation in neoadjuvant treatment represents an exciting, evolving time in rectal cancer management. Clinical trials are needed to further homogenise treatment, but a degree of national variation is likely to continue
Drifting North: Finding a Sustainable Future in Scotland's Past
No full textThis is a public anthropology of climate change and energy in Scotland, written intentionally as a piece of public sociology and based on two years of fieldwork in Scotland beyond. Using interviews, observation and informal ethnographic practices, it uses hybrid journalistic and sociological modes to tell the story of work, climate, energy and political economy through the presence of an autoethnographic climate road trip through the Scottish landscape
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