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RevisionBot: A Teacher-Approved AI-tool Supporting Student Self-Assessment
No full textStudent feedback always indicate the desire for more practice questions, even with plentiful provision. Here I present findings of trialling a generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tool to meet this student demand. I chose Mizou because it is free, has an easy interface and adheres to strict data privacy to create a safe space for students. I present a workflow for how to setup a RevisionBot consisting of either MCQs or SAQs, alongside showcasing interactive features for students, such as focussing on a particular topic, adjusting the difficulty level, ask for clarifications or get feedback on the quality of their answers, as well as voice-to-text options. Multiple RevisionBots focussed on a particular portion of the course is more specific and useful than a single one per course. Some students reported that it can be slow, but more useful and trustworthy than general-purpose tools. Student feedback also highlighted the importance of being transparent and open about the justification of the tool, sharing the reasons for being teacher-approved. Some students still value traditional question provisions, including PeerWise, but many commented on the usefulness of this tool and the request to implement more widely
How to test triboelectric nanogenerators: key factors for standardized performance evaluation
No full textTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) emerged in 2012 as a way to harness electricity from the triboelectric effect. There have been major developments in materials and performance optimization since then. However, the testing of TENGs is something that requires attention. There are still major shortcomings in how testing is carried out and how results are reported and interpreted. Not only does this impact on the interpretation of results, but it also makes direct performance improvements difficult to compare. The problem is that there are a multitude of factors that affect the electrical output of TENGs. If these are not properly accounted for during testing, the results will not be comparable across different test rigs and laboratories. Many of the physical issues that affect the output can now be found in different research papers, but these have never been collated and synthesized in the context of testing. This paper serves as a comprehensive guide on how to test TENGs, uniquely bringing together the fabrication, mechanical, electrical, and environmental aspects of testing in a single paper. Finally, this review recommends the establishment of a new ISO standardization committee to develop protocols for testing TENG materials and products
Safe tactical decision-making for autonomous vehicles considering uncertainties in deep learning-based visual perception
Get PDFTactical decision-making plays a key role in ensuring
the operational safety of autonomous vehicle (AV) systems. Recent
environment perception techniques are built upon the deep learning (DL) approaches and utilize probabilistic representations to
quantitatively capture the inherent uncertainties in networks. The
downstream decision-making module shall utilize the perceived
probabilistic information to derive proper maneuver decisions.
However, how to translate the uncertainties of DL between the
two stages to manage the risk remains an open problem. This
paper proposes a holistic and interpretable framework that can
explicitly represent uncertainties of DL-based perception and
generate safe maneuvers by accounting for such uncertainties.
By quantifying and propagating uncertainties of perceptions
networks, an explicit link is established between DL perception uncertainty and safety utility of decision-making via the
Adaptive Likelihood mechanism. Built on this basis, we propose an uncertainty-aware decision-making approach (PUALDNet) that can incorporates both regression and classification
perception uncertainties into probabilistic reasoning and derive
risk-bounding decisions. Real-world field test results demonstrate
that the proposed framework can effectively ensure safety, and
outperforms existing approaches in terms of safety and driving
capability metrics (Infraction Rate and Driving Score) in adverse
scenarios incurring high perception uncertainties
Micro-Doppler Signature Compensation with Ego-Motion for Moving 4D Radar Platform
Get PDFIn radar micro-Doppler analysis, signatures are traditionally extracted using stationary radars with Moving Target Indicator techniques. With the rise of autonomous technologies, such as social robots in assisted living, there is an increasing need to extract micro-Doppler signatures from moving radar platforms. This paper proposes a novel method for capturing micro-Doppler signatures under ego-motion and compensating for it using estimated velocity and the target's angular position relative to the radar
‘By famine, sword, and pestilence’: James Hogg and Cholera in Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country
No full textJames Hogg’s short poem ‘One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-one’ was published in Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country in February 1832, and its refrain, ‘Burking, Bill, and Cholera’, calls attention to the major news stories during his first and only visit to London. The poem is relatively well known amongst Hogg scholars and has been read alongside his macabre tale about Scotland’s experience of the cholera epidemic, ‘Some Terrible Letters from Scotland. Communicated by the Ettrick Shepherd’, published in the Metropolitan Magazine in April 1832. In my recent editorial work on the volume James Hogg, Contributions to Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country, for the Stirling/South Carolina Research Edition of the Collected Works of James Hogg, I discovered that Hogg returns to the topic of the cholera epidemic in a slightly later poem for Fraser’s, ‘An Auld Wife’s Dream’, in the January 1833 issue. In this article I read ‘An Auld Wife’s Dream’ within the discursive context of Fraser’s and in relation to key events of this period to provide a fuller picture of Hogg’s literary response to the cholera epidemic and his engagement with the politically charged literary context of Fraser’s, the leading London magazine of the 1830s
Urban mobile data prediction with geospatial clustering and dual residual learning
No full textThe mobile network traffic patterns in urban areas significantly diverge depending on commercial and residential establishments. These regional traffic patterns provide crucial clues for predicting traffic patterns precisely. Previous studies have employed a combination of time-series and convolutional Deep Learning (DL) models to effectively capture the correlation of the regional features and traffic patterns. Despite promising results, these approaches are limited in identifying pattern similarities among sparsely located regions and can be further improved. To this end, this study proposes a GEospatial clustering and residual COnvolutional temporal long Short-term memory (GECOS) framework consisting of clustering and DL components. The proposed Urbanflow Peak Clustering (UPC) component exploits the peak traffic times of daily mobile data to obtain the groups of cells with similar traffic patterns apart from their geographical diversity. The UPC improves the scalability of existing algorithms and enables DL components to improve their accuracy by recognizing unique regional patterns and localizing the training targets. The proposed Residual Convolutional TCN-LSTM (RCTL) serves as the DL component of GECOS that improves TCN-LSTM structure through layer-wise feature transfer and enhances long-term dependency learnability. The RCTL ensures more accurate capturing of extensive spatiotemporal features through structural enhancements. The experiments conducted on real-world mobile traffic data showcase 43% improvement by GECOS compared to state-of-the-art models, enabling precise traffic engineering policies by operators
Diet strategies for maintaining substantial therapeutic weight loss: 78-week mixed methods randomised trial.
Get PDFBackground and Aim:
Formula low-energy diets (LED), used intermittently, may assist long-term weight-loss maintenance (WLM). This study compared total diet replacement 2 days/week (5:2TDR) and once-daily meal-replacements (DMR), delivered within a structured WLM programme.
Methods:
A 78-week randomised trial was conducted in 63 individuals (75% female, BMI 23-61kg/m2), recruited between 12/04/2016 to 05/06/2018, after documented mean (SD) intentional weight-loss >8kg, achieved using LED, behavioural programmes, or pharmacotherapy. Participants who had received anti-obesity medications were either weight stable or regaining after drug withdrawal. The primary outcome was weight change at 26-weeks following randomisation. Six dietitians and 25/63(40%) participants completed qualitative interviews at 26-weeks. Between-group differences were assessed using repeated ANCOVA adjusting for baseline values applying Intention-to-Treat, Per-Protocol, and As-Treated methods.
Results:
At 26-weeks, 32/33(97%) randomised to 5:2TDR, and 29/30(97%) randomised to DMR, provided data. Four participants took pre-existing pharmacotherapy (n=3 orlistat up to 78-weeks and n=1 liraglutide up to 52-weeks). Mean (SD) pre-study weight-losses were similar between groups: 5:2TDR -15·0(6·9)kg, DMR -18·8(9·3)kg, p=0.056. After 26-weeks WLM, intention-to-treat analysis found further weight-loss -0·9kg (95%CI -2·9,1·5kg) with 5:2TDR and regain with DMR 3·5kg (95%CI 1·3,5·5kg); between-group difference -4·4kg (95%CI -7·3,-1·6kg), p=0·005. Maintained weight-losses at 26-weeks from pre-study start of weight loss were -15·8(9·5)kg with 5:2TDR, -15·2(10·5)kg with DMR, p=0·977. Similar results were observed in the per protocol and as treated analyses. Both groups maintained weight losses >15kg below baseline at 26, 52 and 78-weeks. Results were similar excluding those taking weight loss medications. Both interventions were well accepted. Dietitians successfully adapted LED interventions to overcome social/environmental challenges experienced by participants.
Conclusions:
Structured dietary WLM is well accepted and can prevent weight regain after substantial loss, including after glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist withdrawal, and can maintain >15kg loss up to 78-weeks.
Trial registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov: identifier NCT02683798
Educational outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Get PDFObjective:
To systematically review and meta-analyse evidence of the associations between prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications (ASMs) and educational outcomes in childhood, including educational difficulties, learning difficulties and academic performance.
Methods:
We conducted a systematic review following the PICOS framework and PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, PubMED, ERIC, and PsycINFO databases, along with Google Scholar, were searched from inception to 28 June 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and ROBINS-E. Relevant outcomes included record of special education needs, school-related behavioural problems, learning difficulties, and examination scores in core academic subjects. Pooled estimates were derived where appropriate and bias and heterogeneity assessed using funnel plots, Egger’s tests, and I2 tests.
Results:
Seventeen studies (12 cohort, 5 case-control) were included, encompassing 854,142 participants. Pooled estimates indicated that prenatal exposure to ASMs was associated with increased educational difficulties (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.01-1.69, p=0.04), with sodium valproate showing the strongest association (RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.25-4.53, p=0.01). Carbamazepine and other first-generation ASMs showed no significant associations. Narrative findings suggested associations between newer-generation ASMs and educational difficulties, but limited data precluded quantitative synthesis. Studies assessing academic outcomes suggested lower academic performance among children exposed to sodium valproate or ASM polytherapy but could not undergo meta-analysis due to methodological heterogeneity.
Conclusions:
Prenatal exposure to first-generation ASMs, especially sodium valproate, was associated with increased educational support needs. Newer-generation ASMs appear to have a more favourable risk profile, though evidence remains limited, underscoring the need for further high-quality research to inform clinical practice
Physiological significance of endothelial M3 muscarinic receptors during exercise
Get PDFNo abstract available
Measurement of CP asymmetry in Bs0 → Ds∓K± decays
Get PDFA measurement of the CP-violating parameters in Bs0→Ds∓K± decays is reported, based on the analysis of proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measured parameters are obtained with a decay-time dependent analysis yielding Cf = 0.791 ± 0.061 ± 0.022, Af∆Γ = −0.051 ± 0.134 ± 0.058, Af¯∆Γ = −0.303 ± 0.125 ± 0.055, Sf = −0.571 ± 0.084 ± 0.023 and Sf¯ = −0.503 ± 0.084 ± 0.025, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This corresponds to CP violation in the interference between mixing and decay of about 8.6 σ. Together with the value of the Bs0 mixing phase −2βs, these parameters are used to obtain a measurement of the CKM angle γ equal to (74 ± 12)° modulo 180°, where the uncertainty contains both statistical and systematic contributions. This result is combined with the previous LHCb measurement in this channel using 3 fb−1 resulting in a determination of γ=81−11+12∘
Data sources:
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