192815 research outputs found
Sort by
Phase precession relative to turning angle in theta‐modulated head direction cells
Get PDFGrid and place cells typically fire at progressively earlier phases within each cycle of the theta rhythm as rodents run across their firing fields, a phenomenon known as theta phase precession. Here, we report theta phase precession relative to turning angle in theta-modulated head direction cells within the anteroventral thalamic nucleus (AVN). As rodents turn their heads, these cells fire at progressively earlier phases as head direction sweeps over their preferred tuning direction. The degree of phase precession increases with angular head velocity. Moreover, phase precession is more pronounced in those theta-modulated head direction cells that exhibit theta skipping, with a stronger theta-skipping effect correlating with a higher degree of phase precession. These findings are consistent with a ring attractor model that integrates external theta input with internal firing rate adaptation—a phenomenon we identified in head direction cells within AVN. Our results broaden the range of information known to be subject to neural phase coding and enrich our understanding of the neural dynamics supporting spatial orientation and navigation
Climate change worry and the association with future depression and anxiety: cross-national analysis of 11 European countries
Get PDFBackground: Climate change affects people’s mental health directly and indirectly. Climate anxiety, characterised by persistent worry and distress about environmental changes, is increasingly recognised as a factor affecting mental well-being. This study focused on potential implications of climate change worry for mental health. Objective To assess whether climate change worry is associated with an increased risk of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance across European countries.
Methods: The study used longitudinal data from the European Social Survey-10 (2020–2022) and the followup CROss-National Online Survey 2 wave 4 (2022). A total of 5155 participants across 11 European countries were included in the analysis. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between climate change worry and mental health outcomes (anxiety, depression and sleep), adjusting for potential confounding factors. Stratified analyses were conducted to assess variations between countries.
Findings: Climate change worry was associated with increased risk of anxiety (OR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.13 to 1.68), but not depression (OR: 1.10, 95%CI: 0.94 to 1.29), or sleep disturbance (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.92 to 1.27), in pooled analyses across countries. Country specific analyses revealed notable differences, with the strongest associations between climate worry and anxiety observed in Slovenia and Italy.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that the psychological impact of climate change worry is not uniform across Europe and may be influenced by national policies, environmental risks and sociocultural factors. Given the varying effects across countries, policy-makers should consider contextual factors when designing strategies to address climate anxiety. Integrating mental health considerations into climate policies may enhance public engagement and resilience in the face of environmental challenges.
Clinical implications: Traditional therapeutic approaches may not fully capture the unique distress associated with environmental worries, necessitating the development of specialised interventions that validate individuals’ concerns while equipping them with coping mechanisms
Spectral Borders: History, Neighbourliness and Discord on the Polish-Belarusian Frontier, by Aimée Joyce (2024)
No full textNo abstract available
Who Fights for Governments? Paramilitary Mobilization in Ukraine and Beyond
No full textExploring why, when and under which circumstances individuals decide to take up arms mobilizing for pro-government militias, Huseyn Aliyev draws on insights from long-standing ethnographic fieldwork among former and active members of Ukraine's pro-government volunteer battalions, and an original database of militias' obituaries, to offer this complex and in-depth explanation of the phenomenon of pro-government mobilization.
Revealing the patterns and dynamics of individual mobilization into pro-government militias, this study is critical to understanding how the Ukrainian nation succeeded in repelling Russian aggression both in 2014-15 and in 2022, but also essential to explaining how and why hundreds of pro-government militias emerge in the context of armed conflicts in different parts of the world
‘I'd probably scroll by’: an exploration of young people's views on spotting and stopping misinformation
Get PDFMisinformation is one of the defining challenges of our era. Many young people are online for multiple hours a day and are exposed to vast amounts of misinformation. However, there is limited research exploring their understanding of what misinformation is and whether they feel equipped to spot and challenge it. The aim of the current study was to qualitatively explore young people's views on misinformation. Participants were N = 37 pupils aged from 11 to 14 who participated in focus groups. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: awareness of misinformation, detection of misinformation and stopping misinformation. Although participants were aware of misinformation, they felt that spotting it was an intuitive skill and relied on others to help identify it. They did not feel empowered to challenge misinformation and felt the platforms had a key role in stopping the spread. This has implications for the design of misinformation interventions
TriDeNT: Triple deep network training for privileged knowledge distillation in histopathology
Get PDFComputational pathology models rarely utilise data that will not be available for inference. This means most models cannot learn from highly informative data such as additional immunohistochemical (IHC) stains and spatial transcriptomics. We present TriDeNT, a novel self-supervised method for utilising privileged data that is not available during inference to improve performance. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method for a range of different paired data including immunohistochemistry, spatial transcriptomics and expert nuclei annotations. In all settings, TriDeNT outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in downstream tasks, with observed improvements of up to 101%. Furthermore, we provide qualitative and quantitative measurements of the features learned by these models and how they differ from baselines. TriDeNT offers a novel method to distil knowledge from scarce or costly data during training, to create significantly better models for routine inputs
Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity: prospective multimodality assessment incorporating cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
Get PDFBackground: Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFIs) are effective anticancer agents, but are associated with cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) and hypertension. The timing, frequency and magnitude of these toxicities are poorly defined. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the incidence, time course and mechanisms of VEGFI-associated CTRCD and hypertension.
Methods: Patients commencing VEGFI underwent blood pressure (BP) monitoring, echocardiography and cardiac biomarker measurement at baseline and prospectively over 24 weeks. Serial adenosine stress perfusion cardiovascular MRI (CMR) was performed in a substudy. CTRCD was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decline by ≥10 percentage points from baseline to a value <50%.
Results: 78 patients participated (68% men; age 63±11 years). 15 patients (19%) developed CTRCD, and it was evident at 4 weeks in 93% of cases. Overall, LVEF was 4.2% (95% CI: −6.2% to −2.3%, p<0.001) lower than baseline at 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, but not troponin, was higher in patients with CTRCD. 62 (77%) patients developed hypertension. Home systolic and diastolic BP increased by 7.2 mm Hg (4.7–9.8, p<0.001) and 4.8 mm Hg (3.1–6.5, p<0.001), respectively, at 1 week. There was no association between change in LVEF and BP.
CMR-derived LVEF, T1 relaxation times and resting myocardial blood flow (n=46) were 5.2% (−7.3% to −3.1%, p<0.001), 27 ms (−40 to −14, p<0.001) and 14.7 mL/100mL/min (−24.2 to −5.1, p=0.004), respectively, lower at 4 weeks.
Conclusion: VEGFI-associated CTRCD is frequent and occurs early. This finding has implications for prioritising early cardiac imaging follow-up after commencing treatment. Underlying mechanisms include myocardial and microvascular effects that are at least partly independent of hypertension
The proper role of the doctrine of incidental questions in international adjudication
Get PDFThe doctrine of incidental questions functions to bring issues or norms within the purview of international courts and tribunals, even when such issues or norms may appear to lie beyond the scope of the parties’ consent to jurisdiction. Accordingly, there is a clear need to consider the contours and proper role of this important judicial doctrine. The following paper seeks to do exactly that by making two principal claims. The first is that the role of the doctrine of incidental question is one which is residual. Second, even when resort to this doctrine is necessary, because the international court may otherwise be frustrated in the fulfilment of its function, there exist two constitutive requirements in the doctrine which limit its scope, namely those of necessity and ancillarity
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇