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Artificial neural network based automatic detection of motor evoked potentials
Get PDFIntroduction:
Motor evoked potentials (MEP) are detected using various methods that determine signal changepoints. The current detection methods perform well given a high signal to noise ratio. However, performance can diminish with artefact such as those arising due to poor signal quality and unwanted electrical potentials. Part of the problem is likely because the methods ignore the morphology of a signal making it impossible to differentiate noise from MEPs.
Methods:
For the first time, we investigated a new detection method able to learn MEP morphology using artificial neural networks. To build an MEP detection model, we trained deep neural networks with architectures based on combined CNN and LSTM or self-attention mechanism, using sample MEP data recorded from able-bodied individuals. The MEP detection capability of the models was compared with that of a changepoint based detection method.
Results:
Our models reached test accuracy of up to 89.7 ± 1.5 % on average. In a real-world setting evaluation, our models achieved average detection accuracy of up to 94.7 ± 1.2 %, compared with 76.4 ± 5.3 % for the standard changepoint detection method (p = 0.004).
Conclusion:
Artificial neural network models can be used for improved automated detection of MEPs
The ADHD learner, time perception, and the listening skill in EAP: decoding the temporal rules of auditory processing of phonological information to rethink practices for an inclusive classroom.
Get PDFThis article aims to explore the complexity behind the potential challenges that some students have in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) classrooms and contexts regarding listening skills. The developing argument comes from a perspective that not all listeners will process auditory information identically due to neurological differences (neurodiversity) and therefore that we should adjust our practices with divergent listeners as learners in mind. Part of this premise will be defended by advocating for the importance of scholarship of teaching and learning that draws from disciplines beyond what we might usually be comfortable with, providing insights that can help us view language problems from novel angles. Examining the neuroscience literature, unique properties of the ADHD-influenced brain will be identified and while doing so, the features that impact upon students’ listening, in the EAP and HE context, will be discussed. It will be suggested that time perception differences may account for the problems ADHD listeners might have in processing phonological information and thus auditory information as speech. In arguing for the existence of a temporal dimension to the rule-based nature of speech and the differences diverse learners may have with that temporal processing, we can think about the effectiveness of our practices and consider ways to adapt or transform them according to those temporal principles.
Although EAP is used as an example practice context, it is hoped the insights from this discussion can be useful to other language learning and teaching fields
Bridging paradigmatic divides to theorise in a new context: analysing accounts of trust development among culturally diverse organisational members
No full textA four-port separated transceiver antenna with ultra-small frequency ratio based on collocation of magnetic and electric dipoles
No full textIn this communication, a novel four-port separated transceiver antenna with ultra-small frequency ratio for base stations is proposed. The antenna is realized by collocating two orthogonally crossed slots and two dipole arrays. We first discuss the operating mechanism of the collocated antenna, i.e., a collocated couple of an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole has inherent property of isolation. Then, a prototype with an ultra-small frequency ratio is designed to verify this concept and illustrate the design method. Artificial magnetic conductors (AMC) reflector and electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure is combined with crossed slots to realize the magnetic dipoles with broadside radiation patterns and suppression of surface wave. AMC reflector is also integrated with the electric dipole arrays to reduce the profile and enhance the broadside gains. The proposed antenna operates in 1.71-1.78 GHz frequency band by the crossed slots and in 2.11-2.18 GHz frequency band by the dipoles, representing AWS (Advanced Wireless Service) band. The frequency ratio is only 1.23, and the couplings are lower than -15 dB in the operating band without any decoupling network. The proposed design concept and method give a competitive design solution for separated transceiver antennas in base stations
The European Union’s governing of teachers and the europeanization of teacher policy
Get PDFChapter 2 discusses the ways in which European Union (EU) governance has fostered the Europeanization of teacher employment regimes over the period 2000–2020. It provides an analytical account of the main developments in EU teacher policy and highlights three distinct pathways through which the Europeanization of teacher employment regimes is taking place: the socioeconomic governance instrument of the European Semester; the mobilization of “field coordinators,” such as teacher unions and employers, and teachers in general; and efforts to create a European labor market for teachers. The findings are discussed for their contribution to the literature on European politics and field theory, the Europeanization of education, and the liberalization of employment regimes in the EU
An intelligent scheduling model for achieving green automotive outbound logistics
No full textAs the automotive market continues to expand, the automotive industry needs perfect scheduling techniques to guarantee the timely delivery of automobiles. However, no effective scheduling method has been formed due to the backward construction of information. To address the above challenge, this study suggests an intelligent scheduling model for green automotive outbound logistics that mixes two distribution modes to encourage resource integration, including direct distribution through the manufacturer and indirect distribution through the warehouse. The model is built with the goal of minimizing operating costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Specifically, the operating costs are composed of vehicle fixed cost, vehicle transportation cost, warehouse cost, and highway access cost, and the GHG emissions refer to the total amount of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. To efficiently solve the constructed model, this study takes full advantage of the strong local search ability of the mayfly algorithm (MA) and the strong global search ability of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) to create a hybrid MA-NSGA II algorithm. Furthermore, an actual case is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and solution algorithm. The results demonstrate that the multi-objective model is better at balancing the economy and environment than single-objective optimization. In theory, this study innovatively develops an intelligent scheduling model for green automotive outbound logistics. The relevant practitioners can use the built model as a support tool to accomplish green scheduling
Self-inflicted epistemic injustice
No full textEpistemic injustice is commonly defined as a wrong done to a person or social
group in their capacity as knowers by another party. This paper seeks to draw
the attention of scholars working in social epistemology to the as-yet not
fully explored phenomenon of self-inflicted epistemic injustice. I propose that
it is possible for a person or social group to inflict an epistemic injustice on
themselves, which I term agent self-inflicted epistemic injustice and group selfinflicted epistemic injustice, respectively. To illustrate the possibility of selfinflicted epistemic injustice, I discuss Miranda Fricker’s (2007. Epistemic
Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing. Oxford: Oxford University Press)
analysis of testimonial and hermeneutical injustice and consider cases of
both self-inflicted testimonial injustice and self-inflicted hermeneutical
injustice. The proposed notion of self-inflicted epistemic injustice, however, is
not limited to Fricker’s conception of epistemic injustice. To show this I
discuss Gaile Pohlhaus Jr.’s (2012. Hypatia, 27(4), 715–735.) analysis of willful
hermeneutical ignorance and Kristie Dotson’s (2011. Hypatia, 26(2), 236–257)
description of testimonial smothering and highlight the fact that these two
kinds of epistemic injustice can also be self-inflicted
Search for hadronic decays of feebly-interacting particles at NA62
Get PDFThe NA62 experiment at CERN has the capability to collect data in a beam-dump mode, where 400 GeV protons are dumped on an absorber. In this configuration, New Physics particles, including dark photons, dark scalars, and axion-like particles, may be produced in the absorber and decay in the instrumented volume beginning approximately 80 m downstream of the dump. A search for these particles decaying in flight to hadronic final states is reported, based on an analysis of a sample of 1.4 × 10¹⁷ protons on dump collected in 2021. No evidence of a New Physics signal is observed, excluding new regions of parameter spaces of multiple models
Virus species names have been standardized; virus names remain unchanged
No full textVirus taxonomy, comprising classification and nomenclature, is regulated by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Taxon names are standardized to facilitate recognition and communication, with defined suffixes for each rank (e.g., the names of orders, families, and genera end in -virales , -viridae, and -virus , respectively). However, until recently, a standard format for species names was lacking. In 2021, following extensive discussion and community consultation, the ICTV decided to adopt a standardized binomial (Linnaean) format for virus species names, consisting of the genus name followed by a “freeform” species epithet. Previously assigned virus species names that were non-compliant with the binomial format have been fully updated. In contrast to taxon names regulated by the ICTV, the names of viruses, or “common” names, such as yellow fever virus or human immunodeficiency virus, are not under the remit of the ICTV and have not been changed
High-performance NIR laser-beam shaping and materials processing at 350 W with a spatial light modulator
Get PDFShaping or splitting of a Gaussian beam is often desired to optimise laser–material interactions, improving throughput and quality. This can be achieved holographically using liquid crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs). Until recently, maximum exposure has been limited to circa 120 W average power with a Gaussian profile, restricting potential applications due to the non-linear (NL) phase response of the liquid crystal above this threshold. In this study, we present experimental tests of a new SLM device, demonstrating high first-order diffraction efficiency of η = 0.98 ± 0.01 at 300 W average power and a phase range Δφ > 2π at P = 383 W, an exceptional performance. The numerically calculated device temperature response with power closely matches that measured, supporting the higher power-handling capability. Surface modification of mild steel and molybdenum up to P = 350 W exposure is demonstrated when employing a single-mode (SM) fibre laser source. Exposure on mild steel with a vortex beam (m = +6) displays numerous ringed regions with varying micro-structures and clear elemental separation created by the radial heat flow. On molybdenum, with multi-spot Gaussian exposure, both MoO3 films and recrystallisation rings were observed, exposure-dependent. The step change in device capability will accelerate new applications for this LC-SLM in both subtractive and additive manufacturing
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