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Clonal evolutionary analysis reveals patterns of malignant transformation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the pancreas
Get PDFIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are critical precursors to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, a highly lethal cancer characterized by late detection and rapid progression. Here we integrate multi-region whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing to trace the evolution of IPMN, constructing detailed phylogenetic trees to provide insights into subclonal architectures and progression pathways. Our analysis identifies two distinct evolutionary trajectories: one driven by a single ancestral clone, and another involving multiple independent ancestral clones. We further explore the roles of mutational signatures and structural variants in promoting clonal evolution and the emergence of new subclones. Complementing these genomic findings, our transcriptomic analysis reveals unique gene expression profiles and variations in the immune landscape that correlate with different progression stages of IPMN. These insights reveal the complex molecular dynamics of IPMN heterogeneity and progression, highlighting the need to refine early detection and treatment strategies
From Fruit Salads to Future Skills: How Challenge Based, Interdisciplinary Learning can Help Students Develop the Skills they Need to Navigate an Unpredictable Future
Get PDFThis presentation introduces Collaborations in Practice, a newly designed course built around challenge-based learning that brings students into interdisciplinary teams to develop solutions to societal problems. The course is developed within the University of Glasgow’s novel Curriculum for Life framework, which is a suite of credit-bearing courses that sit alongside core disciplines and programmes and are designed to support students to grow as global citizens, creative leaders, change makers and social innovators. We share early insights from a pilot evaluation that explored how students’ perceptions of interdisciplinary working developed across the course. Emerging themes show how collaborating across disciplines to solve real-world problems can help students develop the skills desired by industry and grow more confident in navigating uncertain futures. We conclude by considering what these findings mean for tertiary learning and teaching, including pathways into university, second year entry and articulation from the FE sector. The session offers practical evidence of how carefully designed, interdisciplinary, learning can strengthen student success in a shifting landscape
Psychiatric admission in female survivors of childhood and young adult cancer: a whole population retrospective study
Get PDFBackground: The last 40 years have seen a substantial improvement in overall survival from cancer in children and young people. There is limited information on psychiatric wellbeing in female survivors of cancer at a young age.
Objective: In this 40-year population-based linkage study, we set out to determine the incidence of first psychiatric admission compared with a non-exposed age-matched control.
Methods :Scottish cancer registry records from 1981 to 2012 were linked to psychiatric admissions, maternity and death records from January 1981 to September 2018 using the unique personal Community Health Index number allocated to each person in Scotland. For each exposed subject, three age and deprivation matched controls from the population were selected. The primary exposed group was all females with a cancer diagnosis at age <25 years and no previous pregnancy and no psychiatric admission before cancer diagnosis. The main outcome measure is admission to a psychiatric hospital with a mental health diagnosis.
Findings: Female cancer survivors had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of first psychiatric admissions than matched controls over the 38 years of follow-up for the cohort (p<0.05). The relative risk of a first psychiatric admission at 25 years from cancer diagnosis was 0.72 (0.56–0.89).
Conclusion: Overall, we have shown that young cancer survivors are less likely than age-matched controls to have a psychiatric admission after cancer diagnosis. In particular, psychiatric admissions for mood disorders, neuroses, personality disorders and substance use are significantly less likely in the cancer survivors.
Clinical implications: The experience of cancer treatment and survival in young females may reduce the risk of psychiatric admission in later life
Community, authority, rule: re-thinking normative texts in early western monasticism
Get PDFFocusing on concepts of community, authority and rule, this study re-thinks the traditional chronology and understanding of early western monastic rules. Beginning with the monastic programmes offered by early writers (Basil in Rufinus’ translation, Augustine, Jerome and Cassian), it questions the idea that the first western monastic rules emerged in the fifth century. It places the emergence of rules in the sixth century, highlighting the radical difference between their ideas of authority and community and those of the earlier texts whose words they often used, above all in the ‘abbatial turn’ that begins with the Rule of Benedict. Texts conventionally classified as early western rules for communal monasteries are re-identified as rules compiled in the seventh century for monasteries and satellite dependencies. Some are also interpreted as providing validation for the newer style of ‘Benedictine–Columbanian’ monasticism and use of the Rule of Benedict by means of a spurious early monastic provenance
Age matters: demographic-based perceptions of included location information
No full textUnderstanding how individuals perceive the importance of location information is critical for improving the communication of spatial data. This study investigates how demographic factors, particularly age, affect the perceived significance of location in different contexts. Using survey data from 101 UK-based participants, we analysed responses to questions assessing the informativeness of location relative to other contextual data (e.g., time, source, quantity) in scenarios involving pollution and sexual crime statistics. The results indicate that age is a key determinant in evaluating location information, with older participants placing greater emphasis on location for pollution data, while gender emerged as more influential in the context of sexual crime. Education showed minimal impact. These findings suggest that location perceptions vary between different age groups and contexts, with implications for tailoring location-based information presentation to diverse audiences. Future research should explore adaptive strategies for communicating spatial data across demographic groups to enhance comprehension and decision-making
Beruf Sexarbeit: Quellen und Dokumente aus dem Nachlass von Marc-of-Frankfurt (2000–2015)
No full textThe book offers unique insights into the politics and practice of commercial sex in the early 2000s through the eyes of male sex worker, Stefan Hülsmann, aka Marc-of-Frankfurt. It is based on sources and documents from his archive in the years 2000 to 2013. Hülsmann was a sex worker and sex workers’ rights activist in Germany and Europe between 2000 and 2013, before dying in 2017 by suicide. He left his belongings and archives to the Magnus-Hirschfeld-Gesellschaft. This book explores this historically unique archive of a male sex worker and activist and makes it accessible to scholars, students and activists through introductory texts and a selection of original sources. The book centers the professional and political work of Hülsmann and the creation of his sex worker persona Marc-of-Frankfurt. Sources include meticulously drafted business plans, diary entries of paid sex encounters, drawings and mind maps about Marc’s views about himself as a sex worker. Chapters tackle subjects including sex workers’ engagement with the law, especially, the legal reform of prostitution laws with the Prostitutionsgesetz (ProstG) in 2001, as well as Marc’s ideas and ideals of professionalization post legal change. Further chapters consider Marc’s efforts at "communicating sex work" and his activism within German and European sex workers’ networks, his efforts at creating a network of male sex workers and his intense activity on the sex worker online forum sexworker.at
Spinal cord tau and protein copathologies associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy
No full textImportance: Exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) is associated with increased risk of a range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, while the protein pathologies in the brains of individuals with the RHI-associated pathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) are well described, the spinal cord pathology in at-risk individuals remains poorly understood.
Objective: To evaluate spinal cord pathologies associated with RHI exposure or CTE neuropathologic change (CTE-NC) in the brain.
Design, Setting, and Participants: This case-control study of a retrospective autopsy series (June 2019 to August 2025) was performed among autopsied individuals who served as RHI-exposed cases or controls in a multicenter brain bank collaboration. Data analysis was performed from January 2024 to November 2025.
Exposures: RHI history and CTE-NC presence.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Informant-reported clinical history as well as symptoms and immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated tau (p-tau), phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (p-TDP-43), α-synuclein, and amyloid-β (Aβ), as well as amyloid precursor protein and human leukocyte antigen DR.
Results: Of 70 autopsied individuals (62 male, 8 female; mean [SD] age, 64.40 [13.94] years), 20 showed CTE-NC in the brain. All cases with CTE-NC exhibited spinal cord p-tau deposits, especially in cases aged 65 years or older with prior RHI (n = 14), often showing extensive spinal tau pathology as both neuronal (all 14 cases) and astrocytic (12 of 14 cases [86%]) p-tau deposits. Spinal p-tau pathology was associated with microglial activation and motor symptoms. Notably, among the individuals with CTE-NC and prior RHI who were aged 65 years or older, additional spinal protein pathologies were present, comprising p-TDP-43 inclusions (9 of 14 cases [64%]), Aβ deposits (13 of 14 cases [93%]), and α-synuclein deposits (7 of 14 cases [50%]), with all 4 of these pathologies present in 4 individuals (29%). In total, across all 20 CTE-NC cases, p-TDP-43 inclusions were confined to the spinal cord in 5 of the 10 individuals with spinal p-TDP-43 pathology. In contrast, among 50 individuals without CTE-NC, typically sparse p-tau deposits were seen in only 27 (54%). Among the 23 confirmed cases with a history of RHI, 16 (70%) exhibited CTE-NC, while 7 (30%) did not. Spinal tau pathology was more severe in those with CTE-NC; however, astrocytic tau pathology was also present in the group without CTE-NC, unlike in controls without RHI or CTE.
Conclusions and Relevance: This case-control study provides autopsy evidence of a high prevalence of complex spinal pathology in individuals with CTE-NC, supporting the concept of trauma-related encephalomyelopathy. The frequent co-occurrence of p-TDP-43, Aβ, and α-synuclein pathologies in individuals aged 65 years or older with CTE-NC suggests that cumulative trauma might contribute to widespread misfolded protein aggregation
Unpacking the English Medium Instruction (EMI) boom: exploring student enrolment and driving forces in China and Japan
No full textIn recent years, the internationalisation of higher education in non-Anglophone contexts has become intertwined with the Englishisation of higher education. English Medium Instruction (EMI) has experienced a dramatic boom, with China and Japan at the forefront of this change. There is widespread speculation about the growth in EMI and the reasons why students enrol in such programmes, yet research is lacking with key stakeholders. Using questionnaires with students (n = 702) and staff (n = 28), interviews with students (n = 29) and staff (n = 28), and 10 focus groups (students and staff), we respond to the need for research examining stakeholders’ perceptions on the key driving forces behind and students’ motivations for enrolling in, EMI programmes. Our ‘bottom-up’ exploration of the ideological underpinnings of EMI growth not only reveals a multitude of explanatory factors but also illuminates discrepancies between the perceptions of students and instructors. These findings aim to inform EMI policy implementation and programme development and delivery as well as student recruitment and retention. The paper also assists EMI developers in understanding both the needs and motivations of students, as well as the concerns of staff
Dual-band composite high gain MIMO antenna for 5G NR applications employing shareable small cell radio unit
No full textIn this paper, a MIMO antenna is presented consisting of 4 composite elements. Each antenna element consists of a U-shaped conducting structure and a perturbed barrel Dielectric Resonator Antenna (PBDRA) structure. The former is loaded with a bow-tie patch, and it is parasitically excited through the Ushaped microstrip element. The additional bow-tie structure is designed for the gain enhancement in the 5G NR frequency range 1 (FR1) band and frequency range 2 (FR2). The PB-DRA has a dielectric constant of 8, and it is excited in higher-order mode to achieve resonance in FR2. The composite structure offers dualband resonance with 3.85 GHz resonant frequency in the FR1 band and 26.65 GHz in the FR2 band, giving a large frequency ratio radiation characteristic. The proposed antenna offers impedance bandwidth of 2.02 GHz in the FR1 band, and 5.3 GHz in the FR2 band. Achieving multi-band resonance with a large frequency ratio is essential for exploiting the true benefit of 5G communication, as it enables operation across widely separated bands and supports multi-operator radio access networks (MORAN). The peak gains observed in the FR1 and FR2 bands are 8.23 dB and 13.14 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna is specifically designed to meet the requirements of the Open RAN compliant shareable 5G small cell radio unit specifications, by offering resonance in n77/n78 and n257/n261 bands, and end-fire radiation characteristics, ensuring sufficient coverage in the indoor and dense urban outdoor environment
Medical student experiences of the flows of compassion in medical education: a systematic review and meta-aggregation
No full textPurpose: Compassion is crucial for effective, patient-centered care, but its development in medical education is challenging due to its complexity, with explicit and implicit teaching approaches. A qualitative synthesis is needed to explore nuances and foster sustainable compassion in medical students. This review aims to investigate perceptions and experiences of the flows of compassion (from others, for others, and self-compassion) in medical education.
Method: For this qualitative systematic review and meta-aggregation, systematic searches were conducted using 7 major databases for studies published before July 5, 2024 (search date). Studies reporting qualitative data on the perceptions and experiences of medical students, educators, clinicians, or other relevant knowledge users with compassion in medical education were considered eligible. Two independent reviewers performed all screening as well as quality appraisal, data extraction, and certainty of evidence assessments for included studies with multiple relevant results. Meta-aggregation was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute approach, forming categories from extracted results and synthesized findings overall.
Results: In total, 151 studies were included, from which extracted qualitative results were grouped into 30 categories, making 12 synthesized findings. Structured training and positive role modeling enhance compassionate care, whereas barriers such as burnout, negative role models, and restrictive clinical cultures hinder compassion.
Conclusions: Formal and hidden curricula must integrate longitudinal compassion education, from assessments and clerkship instruction to faculty development, to foster compassion in medical education. Integrating both cultural and structural changes in medical education may enhance the flows of compassion
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