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GPS to assess an Olympic regatta: 49er and 49erFX classes
No full textDuring a regatta, the influence of wind speed on the velocity of the boat, the distance covered and the manoeuvres carried
out has not been clarified to date in the 49er and 49erFX classes. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyse how
these variables are affected by wind speed during a regatta. The sample consisted of 39 Olympic sailors from the 49erFX
and 49er classes, who participated in a World Cup. Velocity, velocity made good (VMG), distance and manoeuvres were
evaluated in the upwind and downwind legs using global positioning system (GPS) devices. In both classes, it was
observed that mean velocity, VMG and distance travelled increased as the wind velocity increased in upwind and
downwind legs. The velocity, the distance travelled and the manoeuvres carried out are conditioned by wind speed in both
upwind and downwind legs in the 49er and 49erFX classes.Depto. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y FisioterapiaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu
Cardiolipin acyl chain composition tailors the conformation of mammalian ATP synthase dimers
No full textAuthor contributions:
M.M. and I.L.M.: conceptualization; M.M. simulation and analysis; M.M., V.G.A.V., and I.L.M.: writing and editingThe interplay between ATP synthase dimers and the four-tailed lipid cardiolipin (CL) shapes mitochondrial cristae structure and function. In the mitochondrial disorder Barth syndrome (BTHS), cristae membranes accumulate a less unsaturated, three-tailed form of cardiolipin (MLCL). These cristae become structurally and functionally compromised through mechanisms poorly understood. We have studied through molecular dynamics simulations how BTHS lipid composition affects the conformation of the ATP synthase dimer. The wedge-shaped transmembrane region of the ATP synthase dimer attracts cardiolipins through shape complementarity. MLCL showed decreased affinity for the dimer interface than CLs of the healthy model. A more heterogeneous lipid environment with a higher elastic strain promoted a dimer conformation that would stabilize wider intracrista spaces, and hence, less efficient OXPHOS reactions in BTHS. Our results provide clues on the role played by the CL acyl chain composition in the architecture and function of mitochondria in health and BTHS.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades ( España)Comunidad de MadridFundación ComplutenseDepto. de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología AlimentariaDepto. de Química FísicaFac. de VeterinariaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEpu
Assessing the ecotoxicity of wastewater effluents contaminated with illicit drugs and benzodiazepines: Insights from ZFL cell exposure
No full textEcotoxicity of wastewater effluent contaminated with illicit drugs and benzodiazepines was evaluated by utilizing Zebrafish Liver cells (ZFL) as a streamlined and economical model for efficiently assessing aquatic toxicity, compared to other tiers such as Effect Directed Analysis (EDA). Rather than applying EDA, which aims to identify causative toxicants, this study provides a complementary line of evidence by directly assessing the cumulative biological effects of the complex mixture using in vitro bioassays. Detection and quantification of illicit drugs and benzodiazepines, even at trace levels, were conducted using HPLC-MS/MS. Cellular toxicity was determined by using MTT and flow cytometry assays. Bioanalytical equivalent concentrations were expressed in terms of Relative Enrichment Factor (REF) to standardize the biological responses and facilitate interpretation. The results indicate that the mixture of illicit drugs and benzodiazepines tested accounts for approximately 10 % of the total toxicity observed in the wastewater samples, studied mainly in terms of mitochondrial metabolic damage. This suggests that other compounds or synergistic effects between contaminants may also contribute to cytotoxicity. Additionally, the effect of filtration prior to cell exposure was studied and a decrease in sample toxicity was observed because of this process. In conclusion, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the potential risks raised by the presence of benzodiazepines and illicit drugs in wastewater. This approach provides complementary information to chemical analysis and mode of action-based profiling, supporting the use of integrative strategies for environmental risk assessment. These insights can inform policy decisions and environmental management strategies aimed at protecting aquatic ecosystems.Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (Ministerio de Sanidad)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Depto. de Química AnalíticaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEpu
Music learning platform through gamification
No full textTrabajo de Fin de Grado en Ingeniería del Sotfware, Facultad de Informática UCM, Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos y Computación, Curso 2024/2025.Este trabajo presenta "Clefchamp", una plataforma web de aprendizaje musical mediante gamificación. En sus inicios nació de una necesidad personal, aprender piano de forma autodidacta y encontrar dificultad en la lectura de notas. La aplicación busca innovar en la enseñanza del solfeo mediante mecánicas propias de los videojuegos. Desarrollada con Node y Express, ofrece un juego principal donde el usuario identifica notas musicales con el teclado, obteniendo puntos según su precisión y velocidad. Incluye autenticación, historial de partidas, estadísticas, y más funcionalidades que complementan la experiencia. Aunque no compite con grandes juegos de ritmo, tiene un gran potencial como herramienta educativa en colegios y academias. El proyecto ha sido desplegado en un servidor propio con Ubuntu Server y configuración de CI/CD mediante webhook desde GitHub.This project introduces "ClefChamp", a web platform for musical learning through gamification. Born from a personal need while learning the piano, the platform addresses the difficulty of reading sheet music. ClefChamp uses game mechanics to enhance music theory learning. Built with Node and Express, it includes a main game where users identify musical notes using keyboard keys, scoring based on accuracy and speed. Features include authentication, match history, statistics and more features that complement the experience. Though it's not pretended to compete with commercial rhythm games, it has great potential as an educational tool in schools and music academies. The app is deployed on a self-hosted Ubuntu Server using a CI/CD pipeline triggered via GitHub webhook.Depto. de Sistemas Informáticos y ComputaciónFac. de InformáticaTRUEunpu
Evaluation of the perception of information from ChatGPT in myopia education: Perspectives of students and professionals
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the perception and understanding of the information provided by ChatGPT regarding myopia among optometry students, optometrists undertaking a Master degree and practicing optometrists.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using a structured questionnaire distributed via Wooclap to 225 participants (125 optometry students, 21 Masters students and 79 practicing optometrists). All participants evaluated the responses generated by ChatGPT Version 4.0 using a five-point scale: very poor, poor, acceptable, good and very good. Data were analysed using SPSS, applying descriptive analysis and chi-squared tests to assess the significance of differences observed between the groups.
Results: Practicing optometrists, with an average age of 39.7 ± 11.0 and 15.2 ± 7.5 years of professional experience, rated the information provided by ChatGPT on myopia complications more positively than the optometry and Masters students, highlighting the importance of clinical experience (p < 0.001). Alternatively, this may indicate a difference in awareness, knowledge and training, with younger students potentially being more speculative in their evaluations. The perceptions about myopia prevention among the groups were similar (p = 0.28). At the same time, the perceptions of the effectiveness of treatments such as contact lenses and pharmaceutical agents showed differences, with optometrists rating these treatments more positively (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively).
Conclusions: This study showed differences in the perception and interpretation of the information provided by ChatGPT about myopia depending on the level of education. While AI plays an important role in education, practicing optometrists trust the information extracted by ChatGPT more than optometry students.Depto. de Optometría y VisiónFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEpu
The old central igneous complexes of Sal, Boa Vista and Maio islands: Implications for 17 Ma of isotopic evolution of the Cape Verde archipelago
No full textThe central igneous complexes of the easternmost islands (Sal, Boa Vista and Maio) preserve some of the most ancient outcropping rocks of the Cape Verde (CV) archipelago. These Early to Middle Miocene (about 25 to 12 Ma) complexes show marked isotopic differences between mafic rocks from the northern (Sal and Boa Vista) and the southern Maio Island, the latter showing lower 143Nd/144Nd, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios. The main mantle plume composition beneath Cape Verde is here considered to be dominated by the FOZO component. Our data supports previous models suggesting the incorporation to plume components of minor DMM mantle sources in the northern CV island alignment, whereas mixing with the EM1 pole is prevalent on the southern CV islands. These isotopic differences are evident since the early stages of Cape Verde magmatism. The Late Miocene to Holocene time period (7 to 1.7 Ma) is characterized by the irruption of silica-undersaturated and carbonatite magmas with a relatively homogeneous isotopic composition and highly radiogenic Pb signatures (206Pb/204Pb up to 20.6 in carbonatitic rocks and 20.2 in silicate rocks) throughout most of the Cape Verde archipelago. During this transitional stage, the input of this new HIMU mantle component overprinted the previous mixing of the main FOZO plume component with shallow mantle members (DMM, EM1) of minor contribution.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal)Banco SantanderUniversidad Complutense de MadridDepto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu
Single-measurement Bell analysis
No full textWe examine the satisfaction of Bell criteria for single realizations of quantum systems. This is possible via the joint noisy measurement of all observables involved in the Bell test. We readily find that every outcome violates Bell bounds for local hidden-variable models. This agrees with the idea that to reveal nonclassical effects a necessary condition is that the measuring scheme itself must be nonclassical.Depto. de ÓpticaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEpu