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External validation of a prognostic score to identify low-risk outpatients with acute deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs
No full textBackground: Current clinical guidelines suggest home treatment for patients diagnosed with acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT). A prognostic score has been proposed to identify low-risk patients; however, its validation remains limited.
Method: This prospective observational study aimed to externally validate the prognostic score in selecting low-risk outpatients with acute DVT in the lower limbs. Consecutive outpatients diagnosed with acute DVT in a tertiary hospital were included. The score included 6 variables: heart failure, kidney failure, recent major bleeding, altered platelet count, immobilization, and cancer. The primary outcome was the incidence of a composite outcome, including confirmed diagnosis of PE, major bleeding, or all-cause death at 7 days. Patients meeting zero criteria were considered low risk.
Results: Among the 1035 patients included, 485 (46.9 %) met zero criteria. Of these, 0.2 % (95 % CI 0.0-1.1 %) and 0.4 % (95 % CI, 0.0-1.5 %) patients experienced the composite outcome at 7 and 30 days, respectively. Among patients who met 1 or more criteria for admission, 344 patients (62.5 %) were discharged. Among these, the composite outcome at 7 and 30 days occurred in 2 (0.6 %) and 5 (1.4 %) patients, respectively. The C-statistics of the score were 0.68 (95 % CI, 0.57-0.79) and 0.69 (95 % CI, 0.64-0.76) at 7 and 30 days, respectively.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the efficacy of the prognostic score in identifying low-risk outpatients with acute DVT. It also suggests that a considerable proportion of patients with acute DVT may benefit from outpatient treatment despite having some risk criteria, highlighting the potential for optimizing ambulatory care pathways.Depto. de MedicinaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu
Advances in nanoparticle-mediated transdermal delivery of nucleic acids as therapy of skin disorders and cancer
No full textFunding
J.G-V acknowledges the funding from the European Union - NextGenerationEU program. MC was supported by grant RYC2021-031003I funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR.Transdermal delivery of gene and RNA therapies represents a promising strategy in addressing genetic skin disorders and cancers, offering localized treatment with enhanced bioavailability and reduced systemic side effects. Despite these advantages, the stratum corneum presents a formidable barrier to the delivery of nucleic acids due to its dense lipid-protein structure and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Recent innovations in nanoparticle technologies, such as cationic liposomes and polymer-based carriers, have overcome these challenges by enhancing penetration, stability, and target specificity. Additionally, techniques like microneedles and iontophoretic applications further facilitate effective delivery into skin layers. Advanced formulations combining nanoparticles with therapeutic agents such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 demonstrate significant potential in tumor growth inhibition, immune modulation, and gene correction. These approaches offer targeted therapeutic options, reduce drug resistance, and support genetic modifications for skin conditions. While challenges like immunogenicity and systemic degradation persist, emerging integration of artificial intelligence (AI) optimizes nanoparticle design and delivery systems. AI-driven advancements promise to refine transdermal delivery technologies, advancing precision medicine in dermatological applications and cancer therapy.European CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu
Concurso de preguntas para aprendizaje teórico
No full textEn las numerosas vertientes que ofrece la gamificación educativa se encuentra la elaboración de particulares concursos de preguntas, que ofrecen numerosas ventajas para impulsar el aprendizaje, así como el interés del estudiante por los principales aspectos vinculados con la asignatura. El cuestionario tiene una doble funcionalidad básica, ya que permite directamente al estudiante ir comprobando su nivel de aprendizaje, así como ayuda al docente a revisar aquellos temas que muestran más dificultad. El beneficio de esta metodología didáctica es que impulsa el interés por la asignatura, no solo por su formato dinámico, sino también porque se puede recompensar a quienes tienen aciertos.Depto. de Relaciones Internacionales e Historia GlobalFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu
Data: Growth behavior of energy-efficient protective black flash-PEO coatings on additively manufactured aluminum‒silicon alloys
No full textUNA4CAREER (Marie Skłodowska Curie grant No 847635PEJ-2021-AI/IND-21995Depto. de Ingeniería Química y de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias Químicasinpres
Indigenous political theory, metaphysical revolt, and the decolonial rearticulation of political ordering
No full textColonization processes have resulted in the naturalization and universalization of a particular Eurocentric construction of political ordering. As a result, Indigenous claims of sovereignty – especially significant in settler colonial contexts since the 1960s and 1970s – have historically been obfuscated and are still construed as anomalies or impossibilities. Based on poststructuralist international relations theory and Indigenous political theory, as well as interviews conducted with Māori actors participating in the mobilization of sovereignty politics, this article advances two main contributions. Firstly, it develops a particular approach to the state-Indigenous contention of political ordering by calling attention to the metaphysical foundations of the particular conceptions of sovereignty they respectively deploy. Secondly, it contends that Māori political actors are enacting a ‘metaphysical revolt’ through their reconceptualization of sovereignty theory and practice; one that contains potential for a decolonial rearticulation of political ordering. Through its direct engagement with Indigenous political mobilization and the theorizing sustaining it, this article illustrates how Indigenous theories of sovereignty translate into conceptual alternatives that break away from the colonial roots and underpinnings of paradigmatic sovereignty. Therefore, this article contributes to exploring alternative models of political ordering by illuminating the links between Indigenous thought and decolonial imagination.Depto. de Ciencia Política y de la AdministraciónFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu
IA techniques for detecting emotions in serious games
No full textTrabajo de Fin de Grado en Ingeniería Informática, Facultad de Informática UCM, Departamento de Ingeniería de Software e Inteligencia Artificial (ISIA), Curso 2024/2025En este trabajo se ha realizado un estudio sobre los modelos de reconocimiento de expresiones faciales, o FER (Facial Expression Recognition), con la intención de recopilar datos sobre las emociones de los individuos al jugar un juego serio.
El objetivo principal es diseñar un software capaz de registrar las emociones del usuario a lo largo de su experiencia de juego y analizar las variaciones en su espectro emocional. Esto permitiría evaluar si las emociones detectadas se corresponden con las que el juego intenta transmitir. De este modo, se puede realizar un análisis más efectivo sobre la capacidad del juego para educar y generar conciencia en los jugadores sobre realidades que, posiblemente, desconocen.
La finalidad de este trabajo es, por tanto, determinar si un juego serio está bien o mal diseñado a partir de las emociones que experimentan los jugadores durante su uso. Todo esto con el objetivo de mejorar el diseño del juego, modificando las partes necesarias y asegurando que sus ideas principales sean transmitidas de forma efectiva.
El procedimiento seguido en este trabajo para el diseño de la herramienta comenzó con una recopilación de modelos de inteligencia artificial capaces de predecir emociones. Una vez seleccionados los modelos más adecuados y finalizadas las pruebas correspondientes, se procedió a evaluarlos en un entorno de juego serio con participación de jugadores reales.
Tras llevar a cabo una investigación con quince jugadores, se obtuvieron datos valiosos sobre las escenas del juego que generan mayor reacción emocional, así como las respuestas emocionales más comunes entre los participantes y las diferentes variaciones de emociones entre los usuarios.
Aunque los resultados son prometedores, el estudio presenta ciertas limitaciones, como el tamaño reducido de la muestra y la escasez de un modelo capaz de captar el ligero cambio de emociones en el jugador.In this work, a study has been conducted on facial expression recognition models or FER, with the aim of collecting data on individuals’ emotions while playing a
serious game.
The main objective is to design software capable of recording the user’s emotions throughout their gameplay experience, analyzing variations in their emotional spectrum format. This would allow for an evaluation of whether the detected emotions align with those the game intends to convey. In this way, a more effective analysis can be carried out regarding the game’s ability to educate and raise awareness among players about realities they may be unaware of.
The ultimate purpose of this work is therefore to determine whether a serious game is well or poorly designed based on the emotions players experience during its use. All of this aims to improve the game design by modifying the necessary elements and ensuring that its core ideas are communicated effectively.
The procedure followed in this work for the design of the tool began with the collection of artificial intelligence models capable of predicting emotions. Once the most suitable models were selected and the corresponding tests completed, they were evaluated in a serious gaming environment with real player participation.
After conducting a study with fifteen players, valuable data was obtained regarding the game scenes that elicit the strongest emotional responses, as well as the most common emotional reactions among participants and the different variations in emotions across users.
Although the results are promising, the study presents certain limitations, such as the small sample size and the lack of a model capable of detecting subtle emotional changes in the player.Depto. de Ingeniería de Software e Inteligencia Artificial (ISIA)Fac. de InformáticaTRUEunpu
Isolated Bilateral Cerebellar Dysfunction as the Initial Manifestation of HIV Infection: A Diagnostic Challenge, Case Report, and Literature Review
No full textDespite widespread access to antiretroviral therapy, neurological complications remain common in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While opportunistic infections and HIV-associated malignancies are the usual causes, there is growing recognition of atypical, non-opportunistic neurological syndromes as early manifestations of HIV infection—even in the absence of prior diagnosis or treatment. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a history of pulmonary tuberculosis who presented with a two-month history of progressive unsteady gait, dysarthria, and frequent falls. Neurological examination revealed isolated cerebellar dysfunction. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in the bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles and adjacent white matter, suggestive of rhombencephalitis. Extensive diagnostic work-up for infectious, autoimmune, and paraneoplastic etiologies was negative. HIV testing revealed dual seropositivity for HIV-1 and HIV-2, with undetectable HIV-1 RNA and a low CD4 + T-cell count. The patient improved clinically with supportive care and was referred for antiretroviral therapy. At the two-month follow-up, she demonstrated marked recovery. Although cerebellar involvement in HIV is typically associated with opportunistic infections or neoplasia, this case illustrates that bilateral cerebellar dysfunction can represent the first clinical manifestation of HIV infection. We also review previously reported cases in which cerebellar signs were the initial presentation, emphasizing the need to consider HIV testing in patients with unexplained cerebellar syndromes.Depto. de MedicinaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu
Dark matter production at preheating
No full textEn este trabajo exploraremos un posible mecanismo para la producción de materia oscura, el freeze−in de partículas de materia oscura creadas a partir del inflatón. El inflatón se postula como un
campo escalar cuyo potencial posee un mínimo al que cae al final de la fase inflacionaria del Universo, perdiendo su energía y creando el resto de partículas del Modelo Estándar en la fase que se conoce como recalentamiento. Estudiaremos qué procesos se llevan a cabo en la producción de materia oscura durante esta fase usando diferentes enfoques, comenzando con un análisis a nivel perturbativo para luego obtener resultados analíticos de los procesos no perturbativos que ocurren a través de las interacciones del inflatón con los campos acoplados a él. Estos resultados se compararán con una simulación en el retículo realizada con CosmoLattice, donde hemos modificado y ajustado códigos básicos para incluir las interacciones y los campos que queremos estudiar. Finalmente compararemos la cantidad de materia oscura producida según cada análisis, estudiaremos la evolución de los campos usando la simulación y estableceremos un rango de masas posible para la materia oscura.In this work, we will explore one possible mechanism for the production of dark matter, the freeze−in of dark matter particles produced by the inflaton. Inflaton is postulated as a scalar field whose potential has a minimum in which the inflaton falls after the inflationary phase of the Universe, losing its energy and creating the rest of the particles of the Standard Model in a phase called reaheating. We will study the process that lead to dark matter production during this phase using different approaches, starting with a perturbative analysis and then obtaining some results analysing the non-perturbative effects that take place through the interactions of the inflaton with other fields. This results will be compared with a lattice simulation made with CosmoLattice, in which we have modified and adjusted basic programs to include the interactions and the fields we want to study. Finally, we will compare the quantity of dark matter produced by each analysis, study the evolution of the fields using the simulation and stablish a range of possible masses for the dark matter.Depto. de Física TeóricaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEunpu