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Regular fractional weighted Wiener algebras and invariant subspaces
No full textSince the fififties, the interplay between spectral theory, harmonic analysis and a wide variety of techniques based on the functional calculus of operators, has provided useful criteria to find non-trivial closed invariant subspaces for operators acting on complex Banach spaces. In this article, some standard summability methods (mainly the Cesàro summation) are applied to generalize classical results due to Wermer [51] and Atzmon [8] regarding the existence of invariant subspaces under growth conditions on the resolvent of an operator. To do so, an extension of Beurling’s regularity criterion [13] is proved for fractional weighted Wiener algebras related with the Cesàro summation of order . At the end of the article, other summability methods are considered for the purpose of fifinding new sufficient criteria which ensure the existence of invariant subspaces, resulting in several open questions on the regularity of fractional weighted Wiener algebras associated to matrix summation methods defifined from non-vanishing complex sequences.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónGobierno de AragónDepto. de Análisis Matemático y Matemática AplicadaFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasTRUEpu
P2X purinergic receptors are required for correct cortical development in human brain organoids
No full textCredit authorship contribution statement
María Benito-Leon: ´ Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation. Julia Serrano-Lopez: ´ Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation. Celia Llorente-Saez: ´ Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation. Marina Arribas-Blazquez: ´ Writing – original draft, Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation. Luis A. Olivos-Ore: ´ Writing – original draft, Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation. Veronica Pravata: Formal analysis, Data curation. Raquel Perez-Sen: ´ Writing – original draft, Validation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation. Esmerilda G. Delicado: Writing – original draft, Visualization, Vali dation, Formal analysis, Data curation. Micha Drukker: Visualization, Validation, Resources, Methodology. Antonio R. Artalejo: Writing – original draft, Visualization, Validation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation. Silvia Cappello: Visualization, Validation, Resources, Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation. Rosa Gomez-Villa ´ fuertes: Writing – original draft, Supervision, Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Felipe Ortega: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Supervision, Methodology, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Conceptualization.The human neocortex represents a crucial evolutionary advance, the formation of which requires the tight and precise orchestration of both intracellular and extracellular signals. Structures grown in three-dimensional cultures, specifically human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs)-derived cerebral organoids (COs), have been fundamental to study the signals that regulate the formation of the cortex, overcoming the limitations of 2D cultures. Amongst these, purinergic signaling driven by extracellular ATP and other nucleotides may encode crucial intercellular communications that govern central nervous system (CNS) development. The ATP that accumulates in the extracellular milieu can interact with both ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors on cells to exert its modulating effects. Although widely studied in different animal models, little is known about the expression and function of this signaling system in the human cortex. Thus, here we analyzed the expression of P2X receptor subunits comprehensively throughout the entire process of CO development, confirming that P2X receptors are functional in ventricular structures of the human cortex. Specifically, we detected the expression of P2X1, P2X4, and P2X6 in CO, showing distinct distributions in Nestin+ radial glial cells and/or DCX+ newborn neurons. Significantly, we also show how prolonged pharmacological inhibition of P2X activity affects CO development, resulting in smaller organoids with fewer and less well-organized cortical ventricles. Altogether, our findings point to a relevant role of purinergic signaling during the formation of the human cerebral cortex.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (España)Red de Excelencia Consolider-Ingenio Spanish Ion Channel InitiativeFundación Ramón ArecesEuropean CommissionComunidad de MadridUniversidad Complutense de MadridBanco de SantanderDepto. de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularDepto. de Farmacología y ToxicologíaFac. de VeterinariaInstituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN)TRUEpu
Latin America and the World's Fairs, 1867-1939
No full textThis book examines the World’s Fairs that took place from the mid-nineteenth century to the 1930s, with a particular emphasis on Latin America.
It introduces the notion of "cultural world maps" to understand these events as reflections of the global landscape. The fairs played a crucial role in showcasing state and private endeavors, shaping identities, facilitating knowledge exchange, and disseminating objects and ideas. Through innovative approaches, the essays in Latin America and the World’s Fairs, 1867–1939 depart from conventional nation-centric accounts, drawing on insights from cultural history, global and comparative history, as well as exhibition studies.
This volume will be of value to students, scholars, as well as general readers interested in Latin American history and social and cultural history.Depto. de Historia, Teorías y Geografías PolíticasFac. de Ciencias Políticas y SociologíaTRUEpu
Quantum algorithm for testing graph completeness
No full text© 2025 The Authors.Testing graph completeness is a critical problem in computer science and network theory. Leveraging quantum computation, we present an efficient algorithm using the Szegedy quantum walk and quantum phase estimation (QPE). Our algorithm, which takes the number of nodes and the adjacency matrix as input, constructs a quantum walk operator and applies QPE to estimate its eigenvalues. These eigenvalues reveal the graph’s structural properties, enabling
us to determine its completeness. We establish a relationship between the number of nodes in a complete graph and the number of marked nodes, optimizing the success probability and running time. The time complexity of our algorithm is (log2 ), where is the number of nodes of the graph. offering a clear quantum advantage over classical methods. This approach is useful in network structure analysis, evaluating classical routing algorithms, and assessing
systems based on pairwise comparisons.European CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Comunidad de MadridDepto. de Física TeóricaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEpu
Sugeno-inspired aggregation functions
No full textReceived 14 February 2025, Revised 16 July 2025, Accepted 2 October 2025, Available online 6 October 2025, Version of Record 8 October 2025.
Acknowledgement: Xabier Gonzalez-Garcia's, Humberto Bustince's and Zdenko Takáč's research has been supported by the PID2022-136627NB-I00 project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE. Z. Takáč and Ľ. Horanská were supported by the project VEGA 1/0318/25. The research of J. Tinguaro Rodriguez and Daniel Gómez have been supported by the PID2021-122905NB-C21 project. Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra.This paper introduces a novel class of aggregation functions, called Sugeno-inspired aggregation functions, which are conceptually based on the Sugeno integral. The concept of fuzzy measure is rebuilt by incorporating a function designed to evaluate coalitions composed of all elements except one. This approach frames aggregation as a comparison between the value of a given element and the aggregation outcome of the coalition that excludes it. The fundamental properties of this new class of aggregation functions are investigated and their potential applications are explored. The theoretical analysis shows that Sugeno-inspired aggregation functions preserve key features of the original Sugeno integral while eliminating the need to precompute a fuzzy measure, thereby simplifying their use in practical settings. An illustrative example highlight the effectiveness of the proposed aggregation functions in evaluating clustering quality and suggest the potential for novel aggregation approaches to enhance cluster evaluation methodologies.Ministerio de Ciencia e InvestigaciónAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónUniversidad Pública de NavarraDepto. de Estadística e Investigación OperativaFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasTRUEpu
Eifelian (Middle Devonian) to Early Frasnian (Late Devonian) conodonts and strata in the Spanish Central Pyrenees: Global correlations and effects of climatic fluctuations in the biota
No full textThe interval between the late Eifelian and early Frasnian was marked by significant paleoenvironmental instability, including major evolutionary, eustatic, and biotic events. This study analyzes conodont diversity and evolutionary dynamics in the Givetian of the Spanish Pyrenees, using integrated quantitative and qualitative methods, and focusing on responses to global Devonian paleoenvironmental events. Key global events are examined for their impact on conodont communities. Results show a steady rise in diversity peaking in the ansatus Zone, which saw the highest evolutionary turnover, followed by a decline into the latifossatus Zone. Origination generally outpaced extinction until this point. Major faunal changes correlate with the Taghanic and Geneseo events, while the Kačák and Lower pumilio events had limited regional effects. The Upper pumilio and Frasnes events influenced diversification. The findings underscore periodic biodiversity shifts, driven by both global events and regional factors, and in Devonian evolutionary and environmental patterns. These findings enhance understanding of regional and global conodont biodiversity dynamics, highlight regional differences, and underscore the complex biotic responses to Devonian climatic and sea-level changes.Universidad Complutense de MadridMIU-Next Generation EUDepto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu
Impact of different cryopreservation protocols on epididymal sperm quality and subsequent in vitro embryo production in domestic cats
No full textCredit authorship contribution statement
Ana Munoz-Maceda: Writing – original draft, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation. Andrea Priego-Gonzalez: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation. Sandra Barroso-Arévalo: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation. Jorge Hernández-Matarazzo: Methodology. Carolina Cuevas-Ruiz: Methodology. Joaquín Cerdeira: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Data curation. Eduardo de Mercado: Methodology. Manuel Álvarez-Rodríguez: Writing – review & editing, Investigation, Data curation, Conceptualization. Ana Sanchez-Rodriguez: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Investigation, Data curation, Conceptualization. E.R.S. Roldan: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. M.J. Sánchez-Calabuig: Writing – review & editing, Validation, Project administration, Methodology, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization.Cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa is a pivotal strategy in the conservation of genetic resources from endangered felids. This study aimed at the standardization of both evaluation and cryopreservation protocols in the domestic cat in field conditions as a starting point to endangered felids. To this purpose, routine field conditions evaluation and cooling methods were compared to more refined ones. Two commercial cryopreservation extenders were included in this study: one supplemented with whole egg yolk (WEY) (Caniplus Freeze, Minitube®), and one containing egg yolk plasma (EYP) (Canifreeze, IMV Technologies®), combined with two different cooling methods prior to freezing) on epididymal sperm parameters and subsequent embryo in vitro production (IVP). Epididymal spermatozoa were cryopreserved, thawed and submitted to density gradient prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF). Sperm samples were analyzed at three processing steps: fresh, post-thaw, and post-gradient. Assessment included total and progressive motility, membrane and acrosomal integrity, and mitochondrial activity. For IVP, in vitro matured oocytes (n = 755 in 9 replicates) were coincubated with frozen-thawed samples and cultured in vitro for 10 days. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were compared. While cryopreservation significantly reduced sperm quality, gradient selection effectively restored parameters to near-fresh levels. EYP extender yielded superior motility parameters post-thaw, whereas WEY extender enhanced membrane integrity post-thaw, and mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity and motility parameters post-gradient. Hence, after undergoing density gradient and removing WEY bigger particles and viscosity, motility parameters were better for highly viable samples treated with WEY. Despite these differences, no significant effects of extender or cooling methods were observed on IVP rates. Both extenders supported blastocyst formation similarly, exceeding 19 %. These findings highlight the suitability of both protocols for feline sperm cryopreservation and underscore the need for further research into embryo quality outcomesComunidad de MadridDepto. de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalDepto. de Sanidad AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu
Fluidity as a key determinant of stability in PEGylated lipid nanoparticles loaded with a TLR7 agonist
No full textCredit authorship contribution statement
Carmen Palomino-Cano: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation. M.Carmen Mera-Delgado: Investigation. Ramon Pons: Writing – review & editing, Investigation, Formal analysis. Esther Moreno: Writing – review & editing, Investigation. Esther Larrea: Investigation. Lecnia Aguirre: Investigation. Elisa Mamani: Investigation. M.Cristina Martínez-Ohárriz: Supervision, Investigation, Formal analysis. Juan M. Irache: Supervision, Resources. Javier Carrión: Supervision, Resources, Funding acquisition. Socorro Espuelas: Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Resources, Project administration, Methodology, Funding acquisition, ConceptualizationTLR7 agonists are low molecular weight immunomodulators that can rapidly diffuse from the site of administration, often leading to undesired systemic inflammatory effects. To mitigate toxicity and broaden therapeutic applicability, imiquimod (IMQ), a widely used TLR7 agonist, was encapsulated in lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs). A fractional factorial design (24−1) was employed to examine the influence of formulation variables—liquid lipid (LL), solid lipid (SL), lipid molar ratio, and surfactant—on particle size, encapsulation efficiency, colloidal stability, and cytotoxicity in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and erythrocytes. Screening indicated that LL type and SL/LL ratio were the most critical factors affecting both physicochemical and biological properties. Based on these insights, a refined study focused on C10–C18 triglycerides as SL and PEG40-stearate as surfactant, while varying LL (oleic acid or isostearic acid) at two SL/LL molar ratios (2.5:1 and 1:2.5). Structural and biophysical analyses (DSC, SAXS, DPH and Laurdan fluorescence) showed that lipid shell fluidity dictated PEG conformation at the particle surface: rigid shells promoted a hydrated brush-like PEG layer, whereas fluid shells yielded a collapsed, less stable arrangement. The optimal formulation (triglycerides: oleic acid, 2.5:1) generated nanoparticles of 45 nm with efficient IMQ encapsulation and low cytotoxicity. This system effectively reprogrammed BMDMs toward a pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype, confirmed by gene and cytokine expression. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of formulation design and nanostructural characterization in developing nanocarrier systems that enable safer and more versatile delivery of potent immunotherapeutics such as IMQMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Depto. de Sanidad AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu
Growing Concerns: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of cannabis use and mental health risks in youth
No full textSupplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108528Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit drug globally. In 2021, 46 % of countries identified cannabis as the predominant substance associated with drug abuse disorders, with 34 % indicating it as the primary cause for seeking treatment. Young individuals represent the largest consumer demographic, experiencing substantial negative health effects. Despite extensive research on its mental health impacts, many aspects remain unclear. This study examines cannabis use among young people including anxiety, depression, and suicidal behavior. Studies involving individuals aged 15–30 were included. Data sources included PubMed, Mendeley, Embase, WOS, CINAHL, and Scopus. After screening 6466 articles, 36 met the inclusion criteria, with 18 included in the meta-analysis. These studies were published between 2013 and 2025. The results indicated that the odds of depression were 51 % higher in young cannabis users (OR = 1.51, 95 %CI = 1.23–1.86), decreasing to 28 % after adjustment (aOR = 1.28, 95 %CI = 1.10–1.50). Anxiety showed a 58 % increase (OR = 1.58, 95 %CI = 1.15–2.15). For suicidal ideation, the increase ranged from 50 % in unadjusted models (OR = 1.50, 95 %CI = 1.05–2.14) to 65 % in adjusted models (aOR = 1.65 95 %CI = 1.40–1.93). Finally, the odds of suicide attempt were 87 % higher (OR = 1.87, 95 %CI = 1.25–2.80), remaining elevated at 80 % after adjustment (aOR = 1.80,95 %CI = 1.30–2.49).Ministerio de Sanidad (España)Depto. de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y BotánicaFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu
Caracterización de biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en perros. Intervalos de referencia, fuentes de variación biológica e interferencias endógenas
No full textTesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 26/04/2024El perro se considera la especie animal con mayor polimorfismo del planeta, lo que se refleja en sus variadas razas y aptitudes. Se estima que España cuenta con más de siete millones de perros registrados, entre los de tutores particulares, los perros de trabajo y los alojados en colectividades como centros de protección animal o los empleados en investigación. En esta especie, los análisis clínicos laboratoriales constituyen una herramienta esencial para valorar su estado de salud y bienestar. Si bien tradicionalmente se han empleado técnicas de hematología y bioquímica rutinarias, en los últimos años se han identificado nuevos biomarcadores potencialmente valiosos en perros, como aquellos englobados dentro del fenómeno conocido como “estrés oxidativo”. El estrés oxidativo se define como un desequilibrio entre los agentes oxidantes procedentes de reacciones bioquímicas internas o de agentes externos, y las fuerzas antioxidantes del organismo, en favor de los primeros. Aunque este fenómeno interviene en muchos mecanismos fisiológicos de señalización celular, también puede ocasionar notables daños moleculares y tisulares. En los últimos años la investigación en estrés oxidativo ha experimentado un crecimiento masivo, evidenciando su implicación en multitud de patologías y en procesos como el envejecimiento celular, el ejercicio físico o el estrés emocional...The dog is considered one of the most polymorphic species on the planet, which is reflected in their different breeds and skills. The estimated number of registered dogs in Spain exceeds seven million, taking into account domestic dogs kept as pets, working dogs, and other dogs kept in kennels, such as those housed in animal shelters or those used in research. Clinical analyses are an essential tool for assessing the health status and welfare of these dogs. Haematology and routine biochemistry tests have traditionally been employed for this matter. However, new potentially valuable biomarkers have been identified in the past few years, such as those encompassed in the concept of “oxidative stress”.Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between oxidants, arising from inner biochemical reactions or from external agents, and the organism’s antioxidant forces, in favour of the oxidants. Although this phenomenon is essential for certain signalling physiologic processes, it can also lead to severe molecular and tissue injuries. Lately, the investigation on oxidative stress has experienced a massive growth, revealing its implication in a plethora of diseases, as well as in other processes such as cellular ageing, physical exercise or emotional stress...Fac. de VeterinariaTRUEunpu