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    Month names in Shor

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    The Shors are one of the minor indigenous Turkic peoples of Siberia the majority of whom are living in the Kemerovo Oblast’. The Shor language is a conglomeration of two basically very different northern Turkic dialects, identified by river names as Kondoma Shor (the southern dialect) and Mrass Shor (the northern dialect). The Mrass dialect belongs to the azaq[/taγlγ]-group, whereas the Kondoma dialect belongs to the [ayaq/]taγlγ-group. The Shor literary language was formed on the basis of the Mrass dialect in the 1920s but soon after its formation it suffered a decline from the late 1930s to the early 1990s due to the Soviet policy of assimilation of minorities. It is now a severely endangered language. In the present paper the month names in Shor (Mrass dialect) are treated. The material is based on the fieldwork study of the Altaic Society of Korea and the testimony of month names in the Shor dictionaries. Wherever necessary, these month names were also compared with those to be found in other Turkic languages

    A new decipherment and linguistic reconstruction of the Kitan—Chinese bilingual inscription of 1134 A.D.

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    This paper presents a new decipherment of the Langjun Inscription of 1134 A.D., including a significantly revised phonological reconstruction of the text, new readings of several graphemes, paleographical notes on certain Kitan and Chinese graphemes encountered in the text, and a glossary of words contained in the text including identifiable etyma. In terms of methodology, the Kitan and corresponding Chinese texts of this bilingual inscription are juxtaposed to facilitate decipherment and reconstruction. Although several important philological studies of this text exist, this article presents the first linguistic reconstruction of the inscription

    Reviews

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    New Safaitic inscriptions from the Haroun Region in Northeast Jordan

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    This paper aims at studying a group of fourteen Safaitic inscriptions collected during an epigraphical survey in the Haroun Region in Western Bādiyah of Jordan. The research deals with the verbs and names semantically and syntactically, with an outlook to their parallels in other Semitic languages. This group of inscriptions contains some new personal names, terms and nouns hitherto unrecorded in Safaitic inscriptions: šrr (No. 1), jrml (No. 2), fjl (No. 3), hdrs (No. 6), zblt (No. 7), kyl (No. 8), ′t (No. 9) and bdy (No. 9) are all new personal names in Safaitic; the term ′ns-h (No. 11) is attested for the first time in Safaitic in this form, and jfrt (No. 14) “young female camel” is a noun hitherto unrecorded elsewhere in Safaitic or other northwestern Semitic inscriptions

    The Apotheosis of Beethoven in Danhauser’s Painting Liszt at the Piano

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    This paper examines a painting by the prominent Biedermeier painter Josef Danhauser, Liszt at the Piano, a unique visual document of the Romantic generation’s cultic relationship and collective memory surrounding the virtually holy predecessor, Beethoven. It demonstrates the Beethoven reverence of (1) the commissioner Conrad Graf, a piano maker, who gave an instrument to Beethoven, (2) the painter Danhauser, who took the death mask of the German composer, and (3) Liszt, who considered himself the artistic heir to Beethoven. Although it is a well-known and thoroughly researched painting, its re-examination is still worthwhile. Focusing on aspects of cultural history, the contemporary reception of the painting should be reconsidered from a synthesizing point of view utilizing the results of art historical iconography and musicology. As a kind of cultural study, the paper attempts to demonstrate the background and motives that lead to the creation of the painting. I shall place the painting in the wider context of the history of ideas which is represented by the art-religious experience Liszt and his Paris companions gained from Beethoven’s music. An evaluation of the narrower, historical background — the Beethoven cult triggered by the piano concerts given by Liszt in Vienna in 1839–1840 — will also be discussed

    Liszt at the Piano: The Impact of Iconography on mid-Nineteenth Century Musicology

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    By the time of his death in 1827, the image of Beethoven as we recognise him today was firmly fixed in the minds of his contemporaries, and the career of Liszt was beginning to flower into that of the virtuosic performer he would be recognised as by the end of the 1830s. By analysing the seminal artwork Liszt at the Piano of 1840 by Josef Danhauser, we can see how a seemingly unremarkable head-and-shoulders bust of Beethoven in fact holds the key to unlocking the layers of commentary on both Liszt and Beethoven beneath the surface of the image. Taking the analysis by Alessandra Comini as a starting point, this paper will look deeper into the subtle connections discernible between the protagonists of the picture. These reveal how the collective identities of the artist and his painted assembly contribute directly to Beethoven’s already iconic status within music history around 1840 and reflect the reception of Liszt at this time. Set against the background of Romanticism predominant in the social and cultural contexts of the mid 1800s, it becomes apparent that it is no longer enough to look at a picture of a composer or performer in isolation to understand its impact on the construction of an overall identity. Each image must be viewed in relation to those that preceded and came after it to gain the maximum benefit from what it can tell us

    A hálózatelemzés régészeti alkalmazásának lehetőségei a késő bronzkori fémművesség tükrében

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    Potentials of the archaeological application of network analysis in the light of Late Bronze Age metallurgy. The bronze hoards of the eastern Urnfield cultural complex, dated between 1250 and 1100 BC, represent one of the largest sets of associated assemblages in the Late Bronze Age of Central Europe, which can be studied according to uniform criteria. The complexity of the interactions established during the Urnfield period of the eastern Alpine region and the Carpathian Basin is reflected by the distribution of individual artefact types and the many combinations in the composition of the hoards. Different levels of interaction can be distinguished in the interaction networks outlined and assessed using a complex network analysis. Communities with a differing social role and social position partook in the creation and maintenance of connections, which determined the diffusion of bronze artefacts and technologies, as well as their consumption and possession, even if to differing extents on each level. | A keleti urnamezős kulturális kör Kr. e. 1250 és 1100 közé keltezhető, deponált bronztárgyai az egyik legnagyobb összekapcsolódó, így egységes szempontok szerint kutatható leletcsoportot jelentik Közép-Európa késő bronzkorában. Az egyes tárgytípusok elterjedésének és a depóleletek összetételének kombinációi alapján kirajzolódó szokások jelzik a kelet-alpi és Kárpát-medencei régiók urnamezős időszakban kiépült kapcsolatainak összetettségét. A komplex hálózatelemzés módszereivel felvázolt és kiértékelt interakciós hálózatokban szintekre tagolt kapcsolatrendszerek figyelhetők meg. A kapcsolatok kiépítésében és fenntartásában egymástól eltérő szerepű és társadalmi pozíciójú közösségek vettek részt, amelyek szintenként változó mértékben, de meghatározták a bronztárgyak és technológiák elterjedését, illetve használatuk és birtoklásuk módjait

    The Origin and Spread of the Western Linear Pottery Culture: between Forager and Food Producing Lifeways in Central Europe

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    The findings of the project addressing Early Neolithic lifeways in Central Europe were published in 2013 (P. Bickle, A. Whittle). As part of this research project, samples from human and animal skeletons from various Linearbandkeramik (LBK) sites of the immense area extending from Transdanubia to Alsace were submitted to stable isotope analyses in order to reconstruct the mobility, diet and social structure of Early Neolithic groups. However, owing to the nature of the submitted samples, the conclusions drawn from the analyses cannot be applied to the early LBK phase because very few human remains are known from this period, especially from East Central Europe. Interaction between households and groups — as well as the crucial issue of LBK origins — can principally be reconstructed from the study of the material culture, especially from the analysis of lithic tools and pottery (and their raw materials).The study focuses on the early LBK phase, on the comparison of the material culture of Mesolithic foragers and the LBK, and on the assessment of the finds from LBK households and settlements. This analysis is restricted to the Central European diffusion of the LBK, to the main axis extending from Transdanubia to southern Poland. | A nyugati vonaldíszes kerámia kultúrájának eredete és terjeszkedése: Zsákmányoló és élelemtermelő életmódok között Közép-Európában. A közép-európai kora neolitikus életmódokat vizsgáló program eredményeit 2013-ban tették közzé (P. Bickle, A. Whittle). A kora neolitikus csoportok mobilitásának, étrendjének és társadalmi szerkezetének rekonstruálásához a kutatás során stabil izotóp elemzéseket végeztek a vonaldíszes kerámia kultúrájának (LBK) lelőhelyeiről származó emberi és állati maradványokon, a Dunántúltól egészen Elzászig. A sajátos kiindulási anyag miatt a belőle levont következtetések nem alkalmazhatók az LBK korai fázisára, amelyből igen kevés emberi maradvány ismert, különösen Közép- Kelet-Európában. A háztartások és a csoportok közötti kapcsolatok — és ezeken keresztül az LBK eredetének kulcskérdései — elsősorban az anyagi kultúra, főként a kőeszközök és a kerámia (nyersanyag) vizsgálata révén rekonstruálhatók.A cikk kiemelten foglalkozik az LBK fejlődésének korai fázisával, az LBK és a zsákmányolók anyagi kultúráinak összehasonlításával, az LBK-háztartások és -települések leleteinek vizsgálatával. Területi szempontból a tanulmány az LBK közép-európai terjeszkedésének a Dunántúltól Dél-Lengyelországig nyúló fő tengelyére korlátozódik

    Aspects of Social Sustainability in Cases of Building Rehabilitations in Central Europe

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    The paper analyses the role of building rehabilitations based on the three pillars of sustainability: environmental consciousness, economic sustainability and social responsibility; to verify that all these aspects of sustainable development are accentuated in the rehabilitation of historic buildings. Beyond these aspects the study emphasizes the particular criteria of social sustainability highlighting the significance of contemporary use and conversion of built heritage. In the issue of historical continuity — local identity the tradition is displayed as a determinative element of the image of the local community. Related to the search for local identity the continuity of built heritage may be dominant for a population — especially in Central Europe where because of the specific political background the appearance of modernism equaled a cultural rupture. Exploring the question of urban continuity — fitting it can be established that built heritage preserved by current usage enriches the city with connotational contents providing reference points in space and time for the local community. The third subtopic, the issue of functional continuity — functional change investigates the idea of integrated monument protection, emphasizing the importance of continuous usage of the heritage that is elemental for the sustainability of a monument. The examples presented in the paper, the high-quality, well-functioning projects from the last 10 years of Central European architecture justify the raison d’etre of building rehabilitations. | A tanulmány a fenntarthatóság hármas egysége: a környezettudatosság, a gazdasági fenntarthatóság és a társadalmi felelősségvállalás szempontjai alapján vizsgálja az épületrehabilitációk szerepét, és azt kívánja igazolni, hogy ezek a fenntartható fejlődést szolgáló aspektusok mind hangsúlyozottan jelennek meg történeti épületek rehabilitációjakor. Ezen szempontokon túl a tanulmány a társadalmi fenntarthatóság sajátos szempontjait emeli ki, kihangsúlyozva az épített örökség mai felhasználásának, átalakításának jelentőségét. A történeti folytonosság — helyi identitás kérdéskörében a hagyomány mint a helyi közösség önképének meghatározó eleme jelenik meg. A helyi identitáskereséssel összefonódóan az épített örökség történeti folytonossága meghatározó lehet egy nép számára — különösen Közép-Európában, ahol a társadalom számára a modernizmus a sajátos politikai háttérből fakadóan törést jelentett. A városszöveti folytonosság — illeszkedés vizsgálatával kimutatható, hogy a mai használatba átmentett épített örökség a múlt emlékeit hordozva konnotációs tartalmakkal gazdagítja a várost, térbeli és egyúttal időbeli tájékozódási pontokat nyújt a helyi közösségnek. A harmadik résztéma, a használati folytonosság — funkcióváltás kérdésköre az integrált műemlékvédelem fogalmát járja körbe, kiemelve az örökség folyamatos használatának fontosságát, ami alapvető szükséglete egy emlék fenntarthatóságának. A tanulmányban bemutatott példák az utóbbi tíz év közép- európai építészetéből kiemelt, magas színvonalú, jól működő projektek, amik az épületrehabilitációk létjogosultságát igazolják

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