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The in vitro antibacterial effect of S53P4 bioactive glass and gentamicin impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads
No full textOsteomyelitis is a disease that is still difficult to treat, with considerable morbidity and associated costs. The current “gold standard” in treatment — debridement and implantation of antibiotic impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads — presents the disadvantage of a second surgical intervention required for the removal of the beads. We comparatively investigated the in vitro antibacterial effect of S53P4 bioactive glass (BAG) and gentamicin impregnated PMMA beads. Bacterial viability was assessed hourly by Standard Plate Count during 24 hours of incubation, by determining the number of colony forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both tested materials showed an antibacterial effect on all studied bacteria. In case of S. aureus, BAG granules were almost as effective as gentamicin impregnated PMMA beads, with no statistically significant differences. In contrast, PMMA beads had a superior antibacterial effect on S. epidermidis and K. pneumoniae. The antibacterial effect of BAG was greatly influenced by granule size and contact time. There was a statistically significant correlation between pH values and the number of CFU in the case of S53P4 BAG granules. As a biocompatible and biodegradable bone substitute, S53P4 bioactive glass can be a good alternative in the local management of osteomyelitis
Taxonomy of Alyssum sect. Gamosepalum on the basis of anatomical properties
No full textIn this study, taxonomic relationship of some Iranian species of Alyssum sect. Gamosepalums was explored in terms of anatomical aspects. Transversal sections of peduncle belonging to 8 species of Alyssum sect. Gamosepalum have studied by qualitative and quantitative characters. The vascular bundle type was bicollateral in all species. In sum, anatomical properties were evaluated, and the two series of the section was supported and confirmed on the basis of these properties
Notes and schedae to Lichenes Delicati Exsiccati Editae in memoriam Antonín Vězda (1920–2008), fasc. 4
No full textLichenes Delicati Exsiccati Editae of little, fine, special lichens is edited in honour of Antonín Vězda (1920–2008). The foliicolous lichens Coenogonium seychellense sp. n. and C. subdilucidum sp. n. were collected by Tamás Pócs, Fellhanera stanhopeae by Attila Borhidi, Lyromma dolicobelum of ascosporic state was found by Adam Flakus, Porina applanata by Paulina Bawingan. Other collections originate from the participants of the 20th NLF meeting 2013, Vadstena and surroundings — where Erik Acharius, the “father of lichenology” lived for decades. Several species collected by László Lőkős from Albania, Bulgaria and Montenegro. The fourth fascicle of the exsiccate is consisted of 15 species (including 3 lichenicolous fungi), distributed to 12 lichen herbaria of the world and dedicated to Robert Lücking’s 50th birthday
Nomenclature, taxonomy and distribution of Crataegus lindmanii
No full textThe nomenclature of Crataegus lindmanii Hrab.-Uhr. is overviewed and clarified. A new combination (Crataegus lindmanii Hrab.-Uhr. var. ronnigeri (K. Malý) Kerényi-Nagy) is done and a new variety (Crataegus lindmanii var. jodalii) is described with new localities of in Hungary (Visegrád, Mt Ágas) and in Serbia (Fruška Gora, Krušedol near Vrdnik / Фрушка Гора, Крушедол, Врдник; Stara Planina Mts, Basara-Vidlič / Стара планина, Ьасара-Видлич). Determination key for infraspecific taxa, comparison of the taxa, a draft and distribution map of the species in Europe and in the Carpathian Basin are also given
Predatory efficiency of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) and Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben - Petersen) on cotton mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley under laboratory conditions
No full textThe feeding potential of different developmental stages of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) against different nymphal instars and adult female mealy bugs, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) indicated that both were found to be active predators on mealy bugs and their feeding efficiency increased with advancement in developmental stages. C. sexmaculata beetle consumed a total of 1371.10 first instar nymphs or 361.40 second instar nymphs or 225.40 third instar nymphs or 27.90 adult female mealy bugs during its life cycle. The total consumption of first, second, third instar nymphs and adult female mealy bugs was 700.46, 245, 30.53 and 8.56, respectively by one individual of C. zastrowi sillemi during its life span. C. sexmaculata showed more feeding potential as compared to C. zastrowi sillemi and these can be further utilized to reduce mealy bug populations under field conditions in northern parts of India
KLP+ (“hat”) trap with semiochemical lures suitable for trapping two Diabrotica spp. exotic to Europe
No full textThe KLP+ (“hat”) trap baited with pheromone or floral lures is a highly efficient non-sticky trap for the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica v. virgifera. We tested the suitability of this trap design for the related species, D. speciosa and D. barberi, baited with their respective lures. Both species are exotic to Europe: the former inhabits South America, and the latter occurs in some parts of North America.In screening tests performed in Brazil, several synthetic floral compounds and their combinations were found to be attractive to D. speciosa. However, the greatest effect was recorded for the previously described attractant 1,4-dimethoxybenzene. When the most active compounds in the preliminary test, 2-phenylethanol, methyl anthranilate, eugenol or benzaldehyde were added to 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, no synergistic effects were observed. When 1,4-dimethoxybenzene was formulated in three types of polyethylene (PE) dispensers in KLP+ traps, PE bag dispensers were superior to two types of PE vial dispenser, and caught hundreds of D. speciosa. Unbaited traps caught only negligible numbers. There was an interesting non-target effect. KLP+ traps with 1,4-dimethoxybenzene caught large numbers of the cornsilk fly, Euxesta eluta, which is known as a maize pest.For D. barberi, both a pheromone and a potent floral lure are already known. In tests with KLP+ traps, we found that the pheromone and floral lures can be applied together in the same trap to maximize both male and female catches.In conclusion, for early detection programs in Europe, the application of KLP+ traps baited with 1,4-dimethoxybenzene in PE bag dispensers could be recommended for D. speciosa, and KLP+ traps with dual (pheromone and floral) lures for D. barberi. In the case of D. barberi, one should note that the lures also show some attraction for D. v. virgifera, and the ratio of D. barberi vs. D. v. virgifera in the catch will be predominantly determined by the relative population densities at the given site
The impact of dehydroepiandrosterone on indomethacin-induced gastric lesions in rats
No full textGastric ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disease. One suggested mechanism is increased oxidative stress. Puplished data showed that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may limit oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation
Short-term periodized aerobic training does not attenuate strength capacity or jump performance in recreational endurance athletes
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three different distributions of aerobic training on the isokinetic strength and vertical jump performance [SJ, CMJ and Abalakov (ABA)] in thirty middle-aged endurance athletes (38.7 ± 9.8 yrs; 174.7 ± 6.5 cm; 72.0 ± 9.8 kg). Three zones of training were required to quantify volume of training: Zone 1, low-intensity-training VT2. The INC group (n = 10) began training in the Zone 1 and then gradually built up training in Zone 2 and Zone 3, thereby increasing the intensity of aerobic activity over the 4-week training period. The CON group (n = 10) performed the same activity every week in Zones 1, 2 and 3. The FRE group followed a free distribution of endurance training loads (n = 10). The results showed significant decreases in peak torque knee extension 30° (p −1 endurance training does not impair strength development over the short term. In conclusion, variations in volume and intensity in training groups did not interfere with isokinetic strength and vertical jump performance
A short commentary on Aristotle’s scientific legacy and his definition of the physiologist
No full textThe roots of physiology — on the basis of a systematic study of the human body’s functions and their correlation to anatomy — date back to the works of Aristotle. The pupil of Plato and the tutor of Alexander the Great was a one-man university, and his contributions to the medical sciences have been immense. His surviving works highlight the first serious approach towards the rejection of metaphysical and mythological thought, and have: (i) demonstrated a deep appreciation for a systematic, non-metaphysical study of the natural world, (ii) set the foundations of comparative and human anatomy, (iii) established the first (indirect) definition of the “physiologist”, and (iv) exercised a dominant influence upon the subsequent history of Hellenistic, European and Arabic Medicine. The current letter provides a short commentary on the historical account of Physiology as a scientific field and underlines the unique legacy that Aristotle has provided us with
Different signal pathways regulate IL-1β-induced mature and primary miRNA-146a expression in human alveolar epithelial cells
No full textIt was known that IL-1β-induced rapid expression of miR-146a, which regulated the secretion of inflammatory chemokines in human A549 alveolar epithelial cells. However, little is known about the level of primary miR-146a and the downstream biogenesis of miR-146a in A549 cells. We examined the levels of primary miR-146a and mature miR-146a in A549 cells following treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of IKK-2 (TPCA-1), MEK-1/2 (PD098059), JNK-1/2 (SP600125), p38 MAPK (SB 203580) and PI-3k (LY294002). Our studies showed that exposure to PD98059, TPCA-1 and LY294002 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the expression of mature miR-146a while the primary miR-146a expression was not changed by any inhibitor. Western blot showed that IL-1β induced an increase of TRBP at 30 min, following by an extended expression at 24 h compared to the non-IL-1β controls in A549 cells. In conclusion, our studies indicated that miR-146a expression in alveolar epithelial cells was regulated at the post-transcriptional level via a MEK-1/2 and IKK2 pathway, and also for the first time via PI-3k pathway. The longer expression of TRBP following stimulation with IL-1β suggests that TRBP might play a role in the process of regulating the processing of primary miR-146a to mature miR-146a in human alveolar epithelial cells