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The potentiality of Trichoderma harzianum in alleviation the adverse effects of salinity in faba bean plants
No full textThe interaction between sodium chloride and Trichoderma harzianum (T24) on growth parameters, ion contents, MDA content, proline, soluble proteins as well as SDS page protein profile were studied in Vicia faba Giza 429. A sharp reduction was found in fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots with increasing salinity. Trichoderma treatments promoted the growth criteria as compared with corresponding salinized plants. The water content and leaf area exhibited a marked decrease with increasing salinity. Trichoderma treatments induced a progressive increase in both parameters. Both proline and MDA contents were increased progressively as the salinity rose in the soil. Trichoderma treatments considerably retarded the accumulation of both parameters in shoots and roots. Both Na+ and K+ concentration increased in both organs by enhancing salinity levels. The treatment with Trichoderma harzianum enhanced the accumulation of both ions. Exposure of plants to different concentrations of salinity, or others treated with Trichoderma harzianum produced marked changes in their protein pattern. Three types of alterations were observed: the synthesis of certain proteins declined significantly, specific synthesis of certain other proteins were markedly observed and synthesis of a set specific protein was induced de novo in plant treated with Trichoderma harzianum
Serogrouping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from cases of human infection In Hungary 2004–2012
No full textEighty isolates of Listeria monocytogenes cultured from human infections in Hungary between 2004 and 2012 were serotyped by the PCR technique of Doumith et al. [9] and characterised by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of the isolates belonged to two serogroups: 53 isolates (66.3%) to serovar group 4b,4d,4e and 21 isolates (25.8%) to serogroup 1/2a,3a. Although many pulsotypes were identified a particular pulsotype proved highly excelling comprising of 31 isolates after digestion by both ApaI and AscI restriction enzymes. All strains from this pulsotype belonged to serovar group 4b,4d,4e. Interestingly 24% of isolates from invasive samples (cerebrospinal fluid, blood) belonged to two distinct pulsotypes in the less common serovar group 1/2a,3a. Several small clusters of cases caused by isolates with identical pulsotypes were identified
Retrospective health-care associated infection surveillance in oral and maxillofacial reconstructive microsurgery
No full textIn polymorbid or anaemic patients who receive preoperative radiotherapy or undergo long duration surgery involving potentially infectious sites, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) that is effective against normal oral bacterial flora is mandatory and plays an important role in preventing postoperative infection. In a four-year retrospective analysis, the incidence, outcome, and the efficacy of PAP were evaluated in patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology at Kecskemét Hospital. The results were compared with data from the literature to determine if the use of PAP was adequate at the Department.During the study period (between 01/09/2007 and 31/01/2011) 108 patients were evaluated. The mean duration of prophylactic antibiotic treatment was 8.3 ± 5.2 days, with cefotaxime+metronidazole being the most commonly used combination. Surgical site infection occurred in 8 patients (7.5%) in the clean-contaminated category.Our results showed that the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis administered at our Department was efficient and effective against the oral bacterial flora of patients. Its use is recommended in head and neck microsurgery. To avoid development of antibiotic resistance and to reduce costs, it seems that the duration of antibiotic regimen for primary surgery can be reduced from 8.3 ± 5.2 days to 3 days
In vivo effect of insulin on the hormone production of immune cells in mice — Gender differences
No full textThe immune cells of rat and man synthesize, store and secrete hormones, characteristic to the endocrine glands. In the present experiments female and male CD1 mice were treated with 10 IU/kg insulin sc. (the controls with normal saline) and after 30 min peritoneal fluid was gained. The cells of the peritoneal fluid (lymphocytes and the monocyte-granulocyte group) were studied by immunocytochemical flow-cytometry to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), triiodothyronine (T3), histamine and serotonin content. In the female mice each hormone level was significantly lower in the insulin-treated animals, except histamine in the monocyte-granulocyte group. In the insulin-treated male animals, the hormone levels were similar to the control. The results 1) support the previously hypothesized hormonal network in the immune system, 2) justify that the insulin effect is not species dependent and 3) call attention to the sex, species and organ differences in the response
Synopsis and key to species of Neotropical Cololejeunea (Lejeuneaceae)
No full textA revision of Neotropical members of the genus Cololejeunea resulted in 69 accepted species after amalgamation of the former genera or subgenera of Aphanolejeunea, Campylolejeunea, Leptocolea, Pedinolejeunea, Physocolea and Taeniolejeunea and the emendation of subgenus Protocolea, restricted to its former sectio Protocolea with Cololejeunea minutissima and related species.After the examination of types the new combinations Cololejeunea gracilis var. linearifolia (R.M. Schuster) Pócs, Cololejeunea subscariosa (Spruce) Pócs and the following new synonymy is established: Physocolea reflexiloba Steph. and Cololejeunea reflexifolia (Steph.) Tixier are new synonyms of Cololejeunea inflectens (Mitt.) Benedix; Lejeunea ensifolia Spruce, Physocolea ensifolia (Spruce) Steph., Physocolea elliptica Steph. and Cololejeunea elliptica (Steph.) S. W. Arnell of Cololejeunea camillii (Lehm.) A. Evans, Cololejeunea trinitensis Tixier of Cololejeunea spruceana Tixier; Cololejeunea katiae Tixier of Cololejeunea lanciloba Steph.; Physocolea chilensis Herzog, Cololejeunea chilensis (Herzog) S. Arnell., Cololejeunea coseguinana L. Clark, Lejeunea turbinifera Spruce, Cololejeunea turbinifera (Spruce) Léon-Yanez, Gradst. et Wegner, Cololejeunea uleana Steph., Physocolea uleana (Steph.) Steph. of Cololejeunea minutissima (Sm.) Steph.; Leptocolea manaosensis Herzog and Cololejeunea manaosensis (Herzog) O. Yano of Cololejeunea subscariosa (Spruce) R. M. Schust.; The latter species is newly lectotypified. Cololejeunea latilobula (Herzog) Tixier, Cololejeunea planissima (Mitt.) Abeyw. and Cololejeunea pseudofloccosa (Horik.) Benedix are new to the Neotropics.An illustrated identification key for all Neotropical Cololejeunea species is presented
Aphis pulsatillicola Holman, 1966 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Pulsatilla grandis Wender, 1831 is a new record for the Hungarian fauna
No full textA survey of Pulsatilla grandis Wender revealed the presence of four aphid species colonizing Greater Pasque Flower in Hungary. Aphis pulsatillicola Holman, 1966 the monoecious Pulsatilla feeding aphid species is a new record for the Hungarian fauna. The development of Cavariella theobaldi Gilette Bragg, 1918 on the isolated silky seed head proves that the host alternating aphid species (primary hosts are Salix species and summer hosts are Umbelliferae plants) was able to develop from nymph to alatae on P. grandis. Winged forms develop in response to unsatisfactory quality of a host plant, while on suitable host apterae are produced. The polyphagous Aphis fabae Scopoli 1763 and Aphis gossypii Glover 1877 were able to overwinter and the progenies of fundatrices developed into wingless apterae on P. grandis
Review article: Artificial inoculum and inoculation techniques commonly used in the investigation of Fusarium head blight in cereals
No full textFusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of small-grain cereals that has a proven negative impact on crop yield, quality and food safety. In this regard, it is one of the most studied diseases of small-grain cereals worldwide. This paper reports the commonly used artificial sources of inoculum and inoculation techniques employed in the study of FHB epidemiology. Spore suspensions and grain spawn are the most popular forms of artificial inoculums. Spray inoculation technique is more commonly used than the point inoculation technique for delivering the inocula to the target sites. Spray inoculation has an advantage over point inoculation in that it can be used to detect both Type I and II resistances to FHB, point inoculation can only detect Type II resistance to FHB. Grain spawn is the commonest soil-surface inoculum used in the study of FHB. Its advantage lies in the fact that it is capable of propagating inoculum over a long period of time compared to other methods. It can also detect the five types of resistances reported (Types I, II, III, IV and V). In order to gain further information regarding the epidemiology of FHB, researchers need to explore other potential sources of artificial inoculum
Hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperlipoproteinemia (a) in obese south indian men: an indication for increased cardiovascular risk
No full textObesity is a pathological condition which increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. The present study was designed to evaluate homocysteine, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein-B (apo-B), apolipoprotein-A-I (apo-A-I) and lipid indices and their association if any in obese South Indian men. Thirty obese men and thirty age-matched males with normal body weight (controls) were recruited in the study. Plasma homocysteine, Lp(a), lipid profile, apo-A-I and apo-B were estimated in all the subjects. Lipid indices such as lipid pentad index (LPI), lipid tetrad index (LTI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL)/high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and apo-B/apo-A-I ratio were calculated in all study subjects. Homocysteine, Lp(a), apo-B, apo-B/apo-A-I ratio and lipid indices were significantly increased in obese men, compared to controls. Both homocysteine and Lp(a) were positively correlated with BMI, waist, hip circumference and apo-B and negatively correlated with apo-A-I. Also we found highly significant positive correlation between homocysteine and Lp(a) levels. The data from the present study concludes that non-conventional risk factors like homocysteine, Lp (a), apo-B/apo-A-I ratio, LTI, LPI, non-HDL/HDL ratio and AIP were significantly elevated in obese Indian men, suggesting they are more prone to develop cardiovascular disease, than the age-matched men with normal body weight
Urocortin 2 treatment is protective in excitotoxic retinal degeneration
No full textUrocortin 2 (Ucn 2) is a corticotrop releasing factor paralog peptide with many physiological functions and it has widespread distribution. There are some data on the cytoprotective effects of Ucn 2, but less is known about its neuro- and retinoprotective actions. We have previously shown that Ucn 2 is protective in ischemia-induced retinal degeneration. The aim of the present study was to examine the protective potential of Ucn 2 in monosodium-glutamate (MSG)-induced retinal degeneration by routine histology and to investigate cell-type specific effects by immunohistochemistry. Rat pups received MSG applied on postnatal days 1, 5 and 9 and Ucn 2 was injected intravitreally into one eye. Retinas were processed for histology and immunocytochemistry after 3 weeks. Immunolabeling was determined for glial fibrillary acidic protein, vesicular glutamate transporter 1, protein kinase Cα, calbindin, parvalbumin and calretinin. Retinal tissue from animals treated with MSG showed severe degeneration compared to normal retinas, but intravitreal Ucn 2 treatment resulted in a retained retinal structure both at histological and neurochemical levels: distinct inner retinal layers and rescued inner retinal cells (different types of amacrine and rod bipolar cells) could be observed. These findings support the neuroprotective function of Ucn 2 in MSG-induced retinal degeneration
Assessment of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation in septic patients during acetazolamide provocation — A near infrared spectroscopy study
No full textSepsis-associated encephalopathy is a multifactorially determined process of the brain parenchyma. Among other factors, vasogenic causes have been shown to play a role in its development. The aim of the present work was to assess whether cerebral tissue oxygen saturation is influenced by administration of acetazolamide in septic patients compared to controls