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„weil die Texte oft mehr beachtet werden als die Musik“ Zur Relevanz und Verlässlichkeit kompositorischer Selbstauskünfte am Beispiel György Ligetis
No full textThis essay identifies three reasons that help explain why György Ligeti was highly active as a speaker and author of texts about music throughout his career. He thereby replenished his income (particularly before 1973), asserted his auctorial authority vis-à-vis musicological interpretations and — at least indirectly — secured a better “share of the market” for his own music by being present in the public eye. This essay also discusses the reliability of Ligeti’s assertions which warned against an overreliance on composers’ views on the part of musicologists
Musikologische Sprachrohre Harald Kaufmann und Ove Nordwall im Dialog mit György Ligeti
No full textThis article proceeds from the notions that composers need advocates and that in postwar new music, they commented more than ever before on their own work. It deals specifically with György Ligeti and focusses on the years between his flight from Hungary in 1956 and his appointment as a professor in Hamburg in 1973. A detailed examination of sources from the composer’s archive in the Paul Sacher Foundation shows how Harald Kaufmann and Ove Nordwall promoted his music and thinking. Ligeti’s own position reveals a rift between his public success and the deeprooted self-consciousness of an immigrant sensitive to all kinds of discrimination. Nevertheless, Ligeti, with his extraordinary clearness, had considerable influence on musical discourse and succeeded in defining an individual profile. An appendix includes six hitherto unpublished letters from Kaufmann to Ligeti
Beobachtungen zum Verhältnis von Klangfarbe, Raum und Zeit bei Ligeti
No full textThe notion of sound (Klang) has been discussed intensely during the last 200 years. Similarly, in the writings of György Ligeti, timbre (Klangfarbe) is one of the crucial terms. The aim of this text is to reconsider the role of timbre and the relationship between timbre, space, and time in Ligeti’s music. With an analysis of Atmosphères and the first movement of the Piano Concerto, the discussion also includes two further important notions: process and threshold
Zwischen Heroismus und Antiheroismus Ligetis Mikropolyphonie in 2001 revisited
No full textThis article re-investigates the use of Ligeti’s second movement of his Requiem “Kyrie” (1963/1965) in Stanley Kubrick’s 2001 — A Space Odyssey (1968). It does so in light of allusions to heroic models and the – obviously – heroic Zarathustra fanfare, both of which are pervasive in Kubrick’s film. The article aims at determining compositional means that refer to heroic ideas in avant-garde music of the 1960s, a time period in which radically new and skeptical views of heroism came to the fore that also affected the articulation of the heroic in music
Shear Strength Behavior of Mont Terri Opalinus Claystone in Fault Zone
No full textThe paper summarizes the results of direct shear strength tests carried out on Opalinus Claystone deriving from a fault zone, at the site of Mont Terri (North-Western Switzerland). In Mont Terri an Underground Rock Mechanical Laboratory is conducting studies aimed at specifying the rock mechanical parameters of the rock surrounding, which is at the same time the potential host rock of a highly active radioactive waste disposal facility. The samples for the tests were derived from blocks and cores collected from the main fault zone, during the excavation of a tunnel, named: Full scale Emplacement demonstration experiment Gallery (FE Gallery). Direct shear strength tests were carried out on 50x50 mm samples undergoing a 1 MPa constant normal load, where the natural shear plane was parallel to the direction of the shear. The orientation of the bedding planes in the samples was recorded and the maximal shear strength and residual shear stress were determined. The maximal shear strength values obtained from the tests fell in the interval 0.34-0.78 MPa, while the residual values fell between 0.31 and 0.72 MPa. The effect on the shear strength of different angles defined by the bedding and the shear plane of the samples was also examined. The bedding of the samples enclosed different angles with the shear plane, ranging from 0 to 49 degrees
Optimized Building Automation and Control for The Improvement of Energy Efficiency and Climate Comfort Of Office Buildings
No full textThe object of the examination is a typical office building of the 1990s, owned by a multinational company -Siemens- dedicated to energy awareness. The building also meets the energy efficiency category ‘A’ under the 7/2006 TNM Hungarian regulations concerning the energy performance definition of buildings. However, demand has emerged to implement additional changes to reduce energy usage whilst keeping the current climate comfort or even improving it. International experience forecasts around 30% energy saving potential due to optimization of the building automation and energy management system, and thus the interaction and collaboration between the building geometry, structures and services systems. The project has been built in the IDA ICE complex building energy simulation program. Running a one-year dynamic simulation will provide data that can be compared with the measured data of the actual building, so the model can be adjusted and validated to real data. After the calibration it is now possible to test the ideas under safe conditions, in a virtual surrounding. Once a particular vision of the model is proven to work effectively, it is possible to apply this to the real building control management as well
Assessment of bending moment resistance of girders with corrugated web
No full textThe topic of the paper is to investigate procedure to determine bending moment resistance of girders with corrugated webs. Concepts provided by Eurocode EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1999-1-1 are different and not very clear for practical design. To clarify determination of elastic critical bending moment, a finite element model of simply supported beam under uniform bending moment has been created. Positive influence of web corrugation on bending stiffness has been expressed through the improved factor c1 used for flat girders. Results of bending moment resistance have been compared to show the difference between the concepts and to provide more appropriate assessment
Bending cantilevered retractable umbrella
No full textThe innovative suggestion of this work is the usage of bended composite arms instead of complicated steel arms with hinges. The basic idea of the new structure is very simple, which is one of the best advantages of this structure. The bended arms could pre-stress the membrane surface and in the same time the membrane bends the arms, this interaction produces a harmonic structure with effective properties. The hinges can be avoided, because the open position of the umbrella created by the bend of the arms. Nowadays existing retractable funnel umbrellas are highly advanced, which is a result of decades of development, but the openingclosing process is quite complicated with very complex kinematics and complicated steel structure. Using the bended supporting elements a new structure for the retractable funnel umbrellas could be developed, which provides better structural behavior and simpler motion during the opening-closing process. The goal of this work is a development of a new type of convertible umbrella with innovative structure, which opens up new perspectives concerning the design of umbrella structures. The benefit of the new structure compared to the existing umbrella structures is a much easier working principle, which allows leaving the complex moving elements and joints. The main advantage of this structure comes from its simplicity as it simplifies the operation of umbrellas, making it a cost-effective and sustainable option
