1869 research outputs found
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From Software to Artifacts: Supporting the Current Scientific Knowledge Needs
No full textScientific papers are the current de-facto unit for scientific knowledge dissemination. Nevertheless, with the advent of the Web and is related technologies, the popularity of new types of dissemination methods (e.g. blogs, web pages and social networks) has also become difficult to ignore. In fact, several discussions are currently based on the advantages and limitations of both; the traditional paper model and these so called Science 2.0 new webbased opportunities. There is no discussion, however, on the fact that both of these types of documents are in fact used to disseminate and advance scientific knowledge. This paper presents a metadata-enabled model based on Scientific Knowledge Objects that aims to represent and capture the knowledge from both the traditional and the new types of these scientific artifacts. The inspiration for this model is mainly drawn from the comparison between the scientific artifacts and software, as several of the properties and processes currently used for software creation and management are deemed positive and interesting for the scientific publication world
Lightweight Parsing of Classifications
No full textUnderstanding metadata written in natural language is a crucial requirement towards the successful automated integration of large scale, language-rich, classifications such as the ones used in digital libraries. In this article we analyze natural language labels used in such classifications by exploring their syntactic structure, and then we show how this structure can be used to detect patterns of language that can be processed by a lightweight parser whose average accuracy is 96.82%. This allows for a deep understanding of natural language metadata semantics. In particular we show how we improve the accuracy of the automatic translation of classifications into lightweight ontologies by almost 18% with respect to the previously used approach. The automatic translation is required by applications such as semantic matching, search and classification algorithms
On a Consensus Measure in a Group Multi-Criteria Decision Making Problem
No full textA method for consensus measuring in a group decision problem is presented for the multiple criteria case. The decision process is supposed to be carried out according to Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process, and hence using pairwise comparison among the alternatives. Using a suitable distance between the experts' judgements, a scale transformation is proposed which allows a fuzzy interpretation of the problem and the definition of a consensus measure by means of fuzzy tools as linguistic quantifiers. Sufficient conditions on the expert's judgements are finally presented, which guarantee any a priori fixed consensus level to be reached
Il «pneuma» nel 'De pace fidei' di Niccolò Cusano
No full textThis essay investigates the conceptual figure of the spiritus conexionis in Nicholas of Cusa's De pace fidei. The thesis is that the German thinker, by radicalizing the scope of the traditional use of that figure, which originally belonged to the doctrine of the Trinity and to the Neo-Platonic conception of the anima mundi, in this work confers to it a pneumatological-political characterization. Indeed, at the end of De pace fidei, from the spiritus conexionis descends to the individual representatives of the cultures and religions the potestas necessary to establish in Jerusalem the only true faith, guaranteeing the tolerance of the diversity of rites. As in the Trinity and in the Universe the spiritus conexionis binds the various parties and thereby causes that they are also possible in their singularity, so, in the political realm, the spiritus conexionis is the category in which, after the medieval ordo, the diversity of individual nationes is held together, made possible and founded in their individuality within a larger connection. The name of this union, not spelt out and only sketched by Nicholas, is: Europe
Static Enforcement of Service Deadlines
No full textWe consider the problem of statically deciding when a service always provides its functionality within a given amount of time. In a timed pi-calculus, we propose a two-phases static analysis guaranteeing that processes enjoy both the maximal progress and the well-timedness properties. Exploiting this analysis, we devise a decision procedure for checking service deadlines
A Goal-based Framework for Contextual Requirements Modeling and Analysis
No full textRequirements Engineering (RE) research often ignores, or presumes a uniform nature of the context in which the system operates. This assumption is no longer valid in emerging computing paradigms, such as ambient, pervasive and ubiquitous computing, where it is essential to monitor and adapt to an inherently varying context. Besides influencing the software, context may influence stakeholders' goals and their choices to meet them. In this paper, we propose a goal-oriented RE modeling and reasoning framework for systems operating in varying contexts. We introduce contextual goal models to relate goals and contexts; context analysis to refine contexts and identify ways to verify them; reasoning techniques to derive requirements reflecting the context and users priorities at runtime; and finally, design time reasoning techniques to derive requirements for a system to be developed at minimum cost and valid in all considered contexts. We illustrate and evaluate our approach through a case study about a museum-guide mobile information system
Understanding Natural Language Metadata
No full textHandling everyday tasks such as search, classication and integration is becoming increasingly dicult and sometimes even impossible due to the increasing streams of data available. To overcome such an information overload we need more accurate information processing tools capable of handling big amounts of data. In particular, handling metadata can give us leverage over the data and enable structured processing of data, however, while some of this metadata is in a computer readable format, some of it is manually created in ambiguous natural language. Thus, accessing the semantics of natural language can increase the quality of information processing. We propose a natural language metadata understanding architecture that enables applications such as semantic matching, classication and search based on natural language metadata by providing a translation into a formal language which outperforms the state of the art by 15%
Descriptive Phrases: Understanding Natural Language Metadata
No full textFast development of information and communication technologies made available vast amounts of heterogeneous information. With these amounts growing faster and faster, information integration and search technologies are becoming a key for the success of information society. To handle such amounts efficiently, data needs to be leveraged and analysed at deep levels. Metadata is a traditional way of getting leverage over the data. Deeper levels of analysis include language analysis, starting from purely string-based (keyword) approaches, continuing with syntactic-based approaches and now semantics is about to be included in the processing loop. Metadata gives a leverage over the data. Often a natural language, being the easiest way of expression, is used in metadata. We call such metadata "natural language metadata". The examples include various titles, captions and labels, such as web directory labels, picture titles, classification labels, business directory category names. These short pieces of text usually describe (sets of ) objects. We call them "descriptive phrases". This thesis deals with a problem of understanding natural language metadata for its further use in semantics aware applications. This thesis contributes by portraying descriptive phrases, using the results of analysis of several collected and annotated datasets of natural language metadata. It provides an architecture for the natural language metadata understanding, complete with the algorithms and the implementation. This thesis contains the evaluation of the proposed architecture
Functional integral solution for the Schrödinger equation with polynomial potential: a white noise approach
No full textA functional integral representation for the weak solution of the Schrödinger equation with polynomially growing potentials is proposed in terms of a white noise functiona
