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Profili hard-path e soft-path dei Turisti 4L in Italia: risultati di un'indagine sui viaggiatori del CTS
No full textThe paper, starting from the consideration of the main literature on sustainable tourism, is focalized on the analysis of sustainable tourism demand in developed countries. In previous studies, the research group has identified the framework of "4L Tourism", an emerging form of tourism that synthesizes the main tourist motivations in four assets (Landscape, Leisure, Learning, Limit), which require specific tourist offer and products. The paper is based on a field research carried out in Italy on CTS travellers. The research, deliberately aimed to a tourist population with specific behavioural and motivational features, allowed to study in deep the importance of the "4L Tourism" dimensions, highlighting the possibility to graduate the sensibility of tourists in respect with the single dimensions. Coherently with a significant stream of literature on sustainable tourism demand, the analysis enabled to identify two profiles ("4L Tourist hard-path" and " 4L Tourist soft-path") in relation to the intensity of the motivation and to the importance of the single component of the trip. The results of the research permitted, from a managerial point of view, to assess the expectations and the behaviours of "4L Tourists", in order to set up the tourist offer of tourist destinations and organisations, allowing them to follow an emerging global trend in the market with appropriate strategies
L’insegnamento del diritto comparato nelle università italiane: (aggiornamento dati: dicembre 2009) = The Teaching of Comparative Law in Italian Universities (data updated: December 2009)
No full textQuanto spazio viene offerto al diritto comparato negli atenei italiani? Questo lavoro si propone di rispondere a questa domanda alla luce dei grandi cambiamenti che hanno investito il sistema dell’istruzione universitaria negli ultimi anni. Questo rapporto si basa sulle informazioni contenute nel database dell’offerta formativa gestito dal MIUR (http://offf.miur.it/index.html) e fa riferimento alla situazione aggiornata all’anno 2009. Il lavoro si propone anche di rispondere alle seguenti domande: ‐ In che modo il diritto comparato può garantire l’apprendimento delle conoscenze, abilità e competenze nelle varie classi di diplomi universitari? ‐ In che modo il diritto comparato diventa parte dell’istruzione del giurista? ‐ In che modo il diritto comparato può far parte del percorso formativo di studenti che non sono destinati ad intraprendere le tradizionali carriere del giurista di professione (avvocato, giudice, notaio)? ENGLISH ABSTRACT How much weight is given to Comparative Law in Italian universities? This work attempts to answer this question in light of the great changes that have affected the Italian higher education system in the recent years. This report is based on the information contained in the “offerta formativa database”, implemented by MIUR (Italian Minister for the Universities; http://offf.miur.it/index.html). While presenting a situation portrayed by MIUR data in 2009, this paper is also aimed at answering the following questions: ‐ How can comparative law ensure the learning of knowledge, skills and competences in the various classes of university degrees? ‐ How can comparative law become part of the jurist’s education? ‐ How can comparative law become part of the educational path of students who will not necessarily pursue the traditional careers of a professional jurist (lawyer, judge, notary)? Questo paper © Copyright 2010 by Giovanni Pascuzzi è pubblicato con Creative Commons Attribuzione‐Non commerciale‐Non opere derivate 2.5 Italia License. Maggiori informazioni circa la licenza all’URL: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‐nc‐nd/2.5/it/
Mining Subjective Data on the Web
No full textIn the past years we have witnessed Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining becoming increasingly popular topics in Information Retrieval and Web data analysis. With the rapid growth of the user-generated content represented in blogs, wikis and Web forums, such an analysis became a useful tool for mining the Web, since it allowed us to capture sentiments and opinions at a large scale. Opinion retrieval has established itself as an important part of search engines. Ratings, opinion trends and representative opinions enrich the search experience of users when combined with traditional document retrieval, by showing more insights about a subject. Opinion aggregation over product reviews can be very useful for product marketing and positioning, revealing the customers’ attitude to a product and its features along different dimensions, such as time, geographical location, and experience. Tracking how opinions or discussions evolve over time can help us identify interesting trends and patterns and better understand the ways that information is propagated in the Internet. In this study, we review the development of Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining during the last years, and also discuss the evolution of a relatively new research direction, namely, Contradiction Analysis. We give an overview of the proposed methods and recent advances in these areas, and we try to layout the future research directions in the field
Robustness and Statistical Significance of Pam-like Matrices for Cognate Identification
No full textThis paper tests the influence of the training dataset dimension on a recently proposed orthographic learning system, inspired from biological sequence analysis and successfully applied to cognate identification. This system automatically aligns a given set of cognate pairs producing a meaningful training dataset, learns from it substitution parameters using a PAM-like technique and utilises them to recognise cognate pairs. The results show no difference in the performance when training the system with about 650 cognate pairs extracted from 6 Indo-European languages or with about 62,000 cognate pairs extracted from 76 Indo-European languages. In both cases the system outperforms all comparable orthographic and phonetic methods previously proposed in the literature. This paper also investigates the statistical significance of these results when compared with earlier proposals. The outcome confirms that the performance reached by this system with both training datasets is significantly higher than the one achieved by all the other methods. Indeed, the training dataset dimension seems not to influence either the accuracy or the statistical significance of this learning system that needs only a very small amount of data to reach an outstanding performance
Faceted Lightweight Ontologies: A Formalization and some Experiments
No full textWhile classifications are heavily used to categorize web content, the evolution of the web foresees a more formal structure – ontology - which can serve this purpose. Ontologies are core artifacts of the Semantic Web which enable machines to use inference rules to conduct automated reasoning on data. Lightweight ontologies bridge the gap between classifications and ontologies. A lightweight ontology (LO) is an ontology representing a backbone taxonomy where the concept of the child node is more specific than the concept of the parent node. Formal lightweight ontologies can be generated from their informal ones. The key applications of formal lightweight ontologies are document classification, semantic search, and data integration. However, these applications suffer from the following problems: the disambiguation accuracy of the state of the art NLP tools used in generating formal lightweight ontologies from their informal ones; the lack of background knowledge needed for the formal lightweight ontologies; and the limitation of ontology reuse. In this dissertation, we propose a novel solution to these problems in formal lightweight ontologies; namely, faceted lightweight ontology (FLO). FLO is a lightweight ontology in which terms, present in each node label, and their concepts, are available in the background knowledge (BK), which is organized as a set of facets. A facet can be defined as a distinctive property of the groups of concepts that can help in differentiating one group from another. Background knowledge can be defined as a subset of a knowledge base, such as WordNet, and often represents a specific domain
La Personal Jurisdiction over a Foreign Corporation nel diritto processuale civile americano: Nota a United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, May 17, 1994 – Reynolds v. IAAF = Personal Jurisdiction over a Foreign Corporation in US Law: Note to United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Crcuit, May 17, 1994 – Reynolds v. IAAF
No full textNel commentare una sentenza statunitense in tema di esercizio della giurisdizione nei confronti di un convenuto straniero (che nell’occasione si era provveduto a tradurre), questo scritto (redatto nel 1995 e pubblicato in Rivista di Diritto Sportivo, 1996, n. 1, pp. 372-388;) si prefigge di tratteggiare l’evoluzione delle regole che sovraintendono l’esercizio della giurisdizione nei confronti di un convenuto straniero nel diritto statunitense. Il modello americano a matrice giurisprudenziale è analizzato criticamente in uno scenario comparativo che vede la vigenza di regole più tecniche e precise a matrice legislativa in Europa, almeno a partire dalla Convenzione di Bruxelles del 1968, rimpiazzata diversi anni dopo la stesura di questo lavoro dal Regolamento comunitario 44/2001 sul riconoscimento e l’esecuzione delle sentenze in materia civile e commerciale. ENGLISH ABTRACT Starting from a comment to an American case (which was also translated in Italian) this paper (written in 1995 and publiched in Rivista di Diritto Sportivo, 1996, n. 1, pp. 372-388;) aims at sketching a critical introduction to the law of personal jurisdiction in United Stated. The American model depicted by the American case law on personal jurisdiction is discussed against the backdrop of the more precise and technical rules provided by the Brussels Convention of 1968, which until the EU Council Regulation 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters, regulated the exercise of jurisdiction against foreign plaintiffs in the Europen context. Questo paper © Copyright 2010 by Umberto Izzo è pubblicato con Creative Commons Attribuzione-Non commerciale-Non opere derivate 2.5 Italia License. Maggiori informazioni circa la licenza all’URL: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/it/
E io sarei un barone?
No full textCreative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 2.5 Italia License. Maggiori informazioni circa la licenza all’URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/it/
Report on the refinement of the proposed models, methods and semantic search
No full textThe aim of the INSEMTIVES project is to involve the users more heavily in the generation of semantic contents, i.e., contents with machine processable formal semantics. The goal of Workpackage 2 (Models and Methods for the Creation and Usage of Lightweight, Structured Knowledge) is to develop models and methods for storing and processing these semantics contents produced by the users as well as for helping the user in the annotation process. Because the end user is not supposed to be knowledgeable in the semantic technologies field, these models need to be suitable for storing {\em lightweight} semantic contents that, for example, can be generated by an ordinary user as part of her everyday activities. The previous deliverables of this Workpackage proposed models and methods based on the requirements collected from the use case partners and based on the analysis of the state-of-the-art. These deliverables are: D2.1.1~\cite{D211} (Report on the state-of-the-art and requirements for annotation representation models), D2.1.2~\cite{D212} (Specification of models for representing single-user and community-based annotations of Web resources), D2.2.1~\cite{D221} (Report on methods and algorithms for bootstrapping Semantic Web content from user repositories and reaching consensus on the use of semantics), D2.2.2/D2.2.3~\cite{D222} (Report on methods and algorithms for linking user-generated semantic annotations to Semantic Web and supporting their evolution in time), D2.3.1~\cite{D231} (Requirements for information retrieval (IR) methods for semantic content), and D2.3.2~\cite{D232} (Specification of information retrieval (IR) methods for semantic content). The proposed models and methods were then validated against evolved requirements from the use case partners and the areas of refinements were identified. This deliverable provides a detailed account on the results of the validation and on the refinements that need to be introduced to the models and to the algorithms. In particular, the following algorithms are detailed in this deliverable: (i) the semantic convergence algorithm that supports the computation of concepts from user annotations and positioning of these concepts in an ontology; (ii) the annotation evolution algorithm that supports the recomputation of links from annotations to the underlying ontology as the ontology evolves; (iii) the summarization algorithm that is capable of computing short summaries for concepts from the ontology to help users decide which concepts to use in the annotation process; (iv) semantic search algorithm that uses the underlying ontology in order to provide the user with more relevant results. The algorithms are described at the reproducible level of details and their relation to the state-of-the-art is reported, whenever possible. The deliverable also presents a platform for creating golden standards for semantic annotation systems and describes a golden standard dataset that was created using the platform and that was used for the evaluation of some of the proposed algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to develop such a platform that would facilitate the creation of golden standard datasets for annotation systems in the Semantic Web community. The aforementioned dataset is exported to RDF and is currently undergoing the process of its inclusion to the Linking Open Data could. The platform and the dataset represent a valuable contribution to the community, where the need for golden standard datasets, which can be used for a comparative analysis of existing approaches, has been realised. The deliverable is the concluding deliverable on annotation models and methods in Workpackage 2. Further possible refinements of the models and methods will be reported in publications in scientific conferences, journals, and other venues
A Metadata-Enabled Scientific Discourse Platform
No full textScientific papers and scientific conferences are still, despite the emergence of several new dissemination technologies, the de-facto standard in which scientific knowledge is consumed and discussed. While there is no shortage of services and platforms that aid this process (e.g. scholarly search engines, websites, blogs, conference management programs), a widely accepted platform used to capture and enrich the interactions of research community has yet to appear. As such, we aim to create new ways for the members and interested people working in research communities to interact; before, during and after their conferences. Furthermore, to serve as a base to these interactions, we want not only to obtain, format and manage a body of legacy and new papers related to this community but also to aggregate several useful information and services to the environment of a discourse platform
Il mondo cavalleresco tra immagine e testo
No full textIl volume "Il mondo cavalleresco tra immagine e testo" nasce dalla collaborazione tra vari studiosi che da tempo si occupano non solo di letteratura cavalleresca ma anche dei legami con le arti figurative che sorgono tra la fine del Medioevo e il Rinascimento. Risulta infatti di gran interesse osservare come gli episodi descritti nei romanzi cavallereschi colpirono immediatamente l’immaginario dei lettori dell’epoca e si trasformarono ben presto in realtà visiva: possiamo solo immaginare quale sia stato lo spettacolo che si presentava durante i viaggi reali attraverso l’Europa del XVI secolo quando i nobili venivano accolti nelle varie tappe con ricevimenti trionfali di tema cavalleresco, alloggiati in dimore e manieri con affreschi che ritraevano le gesta di famosi cavalieri mentre suntuosi pasti venivano serviti in stoviglie che rappresentavano la storia d’amore di Amadís e Oriana. Lo studio delle relazioni tra i singoli episodi letterari e la loro rappresentazione nelle diverse dimensioni artistiche sono l’obiettivo degli studi raccolti in questo volume accompagnati da un significativo supporto iconografico