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Living Knowledge
No full textDiversity, especially manifested in language and knowledge, is a function of local goals, needs, competences, beliefs, culture, opinions and personal experience. The Living Knowledge project considers diversity as an asset rather than a problem. With the project, foundational ideas emerged from the synergic contribution of different disciplines, methodologies (with which many partners were previously unfamiliar) and technologies flowed in concrete diversity-aware applications such as the Future Predictor and the Media Content Analyser providing users with better structured information while coping with Web scale complexities. The key notions of diversity, fact, opinion and bias have been defined in relation to three methodologies: Media Content Analysis (MCA) which operates from a social sciences perspective; Multimodal Genre Analysis (MGA) which operates from a semiotic perspective and Facet Analysis (FA) which operates from a knowledge representation and organization perspective. A conceptual architecture that pulls all of them together has become the core of the tools for automatic extraction and the way they interact. In particular, the conceptual architecture has been implemented with the Media Content Analyser application. The scientific and technological results obtained are described in the following
Diventare avvocati e riuscire ad esserlo: insegnare l’etica delle professioni forensi attraverso le trame narrative = How to become lawyers and able to do so: teaching the ethics of the legal profession through narrative
No full textSapere, Saper fare e Saper essere: è questa la trilogia sulla quale si struttura il mestiere dell’avvocato. Dopo aver definito ciascuno di questi tre elementi e i rispettivi metodi di apprendimento, ci si concentrerà, in particolare, sulla categoria più sfuggente, ossia il sapere essere. Se, infatti, la conoscenza teorica delle elaborazioni concettuali della fenomenologia giuridica (sapere) può essere appresa attraverso il linguaggio e lo studio, la conoscenza professionale (saper fare) attraverso l’imitazione e la pratica, l’apprendimento del “saper essere” appare di più difficile teorizzazione e necessita di un metodo di apprendimento non scontato.
Ecco perché occorre pensare a strategie didattiche più idonee, rispetto a quelle tradizionali, a ricostruire l’etica delle professioni forensi e a far apprendere un sapere che difficilmente si trasmette attraverso il linguaggio o la pratica.
Le trame narrative si presentano come un utile supporto per questo tipo di processo. Esse, infatti, altro non sono che ricostruzioni di aspetti di vita reale. Leggendo libri o visionando film è possibile: ‘visualizzare’ meglio meccanismi e principi propri della professione forense; riflettere sui dilemmi etici nei quali lo studente o il giovane avvocato potrebbero imbattersi nello svolgimento della professione; ripensare il ruolo stesso dell’avvocato all’interno della società civile (non semplice tecnico della giustizia, ma parte integrante della stessa). Al fine di illustrare tale metodo, se ne daranno alcuni esempi tratti dal mondo del cinema.
Legal Knowledge, Legal Skills and Legal Competence: this is the trilogy on which the knowledge of legal professions relies. After having defined each of these three elements and their methods of learning, the paper will focus, in particular, on the most impalpable category, i.e. the Legal Competence. In fact, if the theoretical understanding of legal phenomena (legal knowledge) can be learned through the language and the study, the professional knowledge (know how) through imitation and practice, the notion of "Legal Competence" appears more difficult to define and its learning requires non-trivial methods.
That is why it is important to think up more suitable teaching strategies, in order both to rebuild the ethics of the legal profession and to learn those types of knowledge hardly communicable through language or practice.
Narrative plots are a useful support for this type of process. In fact, they are a dramatized version of real life’s aspects. Through the reading of books or the watching of movies, it is possible to: 'see' better mechanisms and principles of the legal profession; reflect on ethical dilemmas which the student or the young lawyer might encounter along one’s path; rethink the role of the lawyer within the society.
In order to explain this method, the paper will show some examples taken from movies.
Questo paper © Copyright 2012 di Giovanni Pascuzzi è pubblicato con Licenza
Creative Commons Attribuzione – Condividi allo stesso modo
3.0 Italia. Testo completo della licenza:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/it/legalcod
La favola latina e la 'Disciplina Clericalis' di Pietro Alfonsi
No full textThis paper aims to demonstrate the relationship between Petrus Alfonsi’s Disciplina clericalis and the Latin fables. This indirect connection, although less close than the direct connection with the Jewish and Oriental tradition, is evident on the rhetorical, narrative and thematic level and is due to the enormous diffusion of Phaedrus’ and Avianus’ fables during the Middle Ages through didactical praxis and folklore
Les visites guidées: Discours, interaction, multimodalité
No full textLa visite guidée est une activité sociale qui s’accomplit principalement par la parole, et qui jusqu’à présent a été bien moins étudiée que d’autres pratiques orales, telles que l’interaction commerciale, la conversation familière, ou l’entretien d’embauche. Même la très riche réflexion sur la communication touristique s’est souvent plus intéressée aux formes écrites du discours touristique qu’à l’expression orale de la visite guidée. Toutes les contributions de ce volume étudient exclusivement des visites authentiques, et en caractérisent les propriétés essentielles aux plans : linguistique, discursif, interactionnel, mimogestuel et spatial
Systematic numerical investigation of the role of hierarchy in heterogeneous bio-inspired materials
No full textIt is well known that hierarchical structure is an important feature in biological materials to optimise various properties, including mechanical ones. It is however still unclear how these hierarchical architectures can improve material characteristics, for example strength. Also, the transposition of these structures from natural to artificial bioinspired materials remains to be perfected. In this paper, we introduce a numerical method to evaluate the strength of fibre-based heterogeneous biological materials and systematically investigate the role of hierarchy. Results show that hierarchy indeed plays an important role and that it is possible to “tune” the strength of bio-inspired materials in a wide range of values, in some cases improving the strength of non-hierarchical structures considerably
Erodierte Sprachstrukturen und Grammatiktheorie. Zur Morphosyntax der semi-speakers in der zimbrischen Sprachenklave Lusérn und ihrer Bedeutung für die Sprachtheorie
No full text‘Semi-speakerness’ is a phenomenon quite wide-spread in language islands, especially when (i) in small communities a stronger standard comes to exert a huge pressure on the minority language, and (ii) the process of language death takes place very slowly (DORIAN 1981). It manifests itself through a partly (or even severely) eroded competence in the production of the minority language displaying deviant morphological forms (deficient paradigms and the tendency to eliminate irregularities and marked forms by the process of analogical leveling) and a skewed syntax. The first aim of our paper is to present data from semi-speakers’ Cimbrian offering an analysis that supports the idea that in their language competence some subparts of the CP layer are ‘inactivated’ or inaccessible (focalization and d-linking or familiarity topics) whereas other parts of the CP layer (wh-movement) show a higher capacity to survive. The second aim is to explain the significance of such an investigation for the theory of grammar
Competition between in-plane buckling and bending collapses in nanohoneycombs
No full textThe classical hexagonal honeycomb theory for the uniaxial loading case, developed by Gibson and Ashby, considers buckling of the cell walls parallel to one symmetry axis. In general, buckling may also occur in the cell walls inclined with respect to the two symmetry axes. Therefore, in this letter, under the uniaxial loading conditions, we derive the critical stresses of buckling and bending collapses of nanohoneycombs, for which the surface effect is included. Furthermore, the competition between the two failure modes is studied. The present theory could be used to design new nanoporous materials,e.g., scaffolds for the regenerative medicine or energy-absorption materials
Eccezioni e limitazioni al diritto d'autore in Internet = Exceptions and Limitations to Copyright Law in the Internet
No full textNel diritto d'autore – e non solo – Internet rappresenta il passo forse definitivo verso la completa emancipazione del corpus misticum da quello mecanicum. Con l'avvento della tecnologia digitale, abbiamo potuto osservare un profondo mutamento nella creazione, trasmissione, e utilizzo dell'informazione e della creatività, comparabile per portata all'invenzione della stampa a caratteri mobili. Le ripercussioni che questo mutato scenario proietta sull'utilizzo delle opere della creatività e, per quanto qui rileva, sul particolare caso delle libere utilizzazioni, o eccezioni e limitazioni al diritto d'autore, sono ovviamente di notevole impatto e rappresentano l'oggetto del presente articolo. Questo paper © Copyright 2011 di Thomas Margoni è pubblicato con Licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione – Condividi allo stesso modo 3.0 Italia. Testo completo della licenza: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/it/legalcode
Classification of sip messages by a syntax filter and SVMs
No full textThe Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is at the root of many sessions-based applications such as VoIP and media streaming that are used by a growing number of users and organizations.
The increase of the availability and use of such applications calls for careful attention to the possibility of transferring malformed, incorrect, or malicious SIP messages as they can cause problems ranging from relatively innocuous disturbances to full blown attacks and frauds.
To this end, SIP messages are analyzed to be classified as "good" or "bad" depending on whether this structure and content are deemed acceptable or not.
This paper presents a classifier of SIP messages based on a two stage filter.
The first stage uses a straightforward lexical analyzer to detect and remove all messages that are lexically incorrect with reference to the grammar that is defined by the protocol standard.
The second stage uses a machine learning approach based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to analyze the structure of the remaining syntactically
correct messages in order to detect semantic anomalies which are deemed a strong indication of a possibly malicious message.
The SVM "learns" the structure of the "good" and "bad" SIP messages through an initial training phase and the SVM thus configured correctly classifies messages produced by a synthetic generator and also "real" SIP messages that have been collected from the communication network at our institution. The preliminary results of such classification look very promising and are presented in the final section of this paper.
A short version of this Technical Report appears in the proceedings of the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBE-COM 2012), California, USA, December 3-7, 2012
Broadband High Directivity Multi-Beam Emission Through Transformation Optics Enabled Metamaterial Lenses
No full textA new broadband two- and three-dimensional, polarization independent embedded coordinate transformation is introduced that is capable of mapping the radiation from an embedded omnidirectional source into any desired number of highly directive beams pointed in arbitrary directions. This transformation requires anisotropic materials, yet is spatially invariant and thereby can be readily implemented by currently existing metamaterial technologies. Moreover, the performance of the transformation is not sensitive to small material parameter variations, thus enabling a broad operational bandwidth. To validate the concept, a broadband 3D coordinate transformation metamaterial lens fed by a simple monopole antenna was designed, fabricated and characterized, achieving a quad-beam radiation pattern over a 1.26:1 bandwidth with approximately 6 dB realized gain improvement in the H-plane. In addition, the near-field coupling between the monopole and the lens was carefully tuned to accomplish a remarkable 70% broadening of the impedance bandwidth compared to the monopole antenna operating alone. It is also shown from the field simulations that the realized metamaterial lens provides both near-field and far-field 3D collimating effects