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Tailor-made structures for molecular junctions: from linear wires to molecular loops
Full text linkIn 1974, Aviram and Ratner suggested implementing molecules as the smallest building block, still providing structural diversity and functionality, allowing them to act as functional devices into electronic circuits. This visionary concept still fascinates scientists worldwide, leading to the blossom of interdisciplinary research to understand charge transport through molecules in the electrode-molecule-electrode junctions. Over the past decades, several possibilities and techniques for probing and manipulating the molecules in the junctions were developed, for instance, scanning tunneling microscope break junctions (STM-BJ), mechanically controlled break junctions (MCBJ), electromigration breakdown junctions (EBJ), and graphene molecule-graphene junctions. Beyond the initial interest in understanding electronic transport, these techniques also allowed scientists to explore interference of electron waves, mechanics, optical effects, and thermoelectric phenomena of molecular junctions.
This thesis contains the preparation of several molecules for investigations in molecular junctions, which were done in the scope of a highly interdisciplinary project named Quantum Interference Enhanced Thermoelectricity (QuIET), involving scientists from different disciplines and countries (theoretical and experimental physics and chemistry).
I. The first chapter describes the design and synthesis of presumably suitable and stable molecular rods for the investigation of charge-transport properties of graphene-molecule-graphene junctions. It is a follow-up project to the one started during my master's thesis in the group of Prof. Dr. Marcel Mayor in collaboration with the experimental physicists from the group of Prof. Dr. Michel Calame at EMPA (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology) in Zurich, Switzerland. Due to the challenges that arose during the chip preparation and molecules immobilization, the synthesis was frozen in the next-to-the-last step.
II. The second part of this thesis deals with a deeper understanding of the relationship between conductivity, quantum interference, and mechanical response of molecules implemented in mechanically controllable break junctions in dependence on difference substitution pattern. For this purpose, six molecular wires bearing the [2.2]paracyclophane as a central moiety were synthesized as model compounds. The realization of this project was only possible due to the fruitful and inspiring collaboration with the experimental physicists from the group of Prof. Dr. S. J. Herre van der Zant from the University of Technology in Delft, Netherlands, and theoretics from the group of Prof. Dr. Fabian Pauly from the University of Physics in Augsburg, Germany. The results of the first four structures are presented in the form of a IV publication. The last two structures were successfully synthesized and are now under investigation; therefore, only synthesis is included in the thesis.
III. The third chapter deals with the design and synthesis of the envisioned structure implementing molecular wire and loop scaffold, which combines two conductivity pathways: through-space and through-bond. This project was synthetically most challenging and provided surprising results. Our efforts, progress, and all challenges are summarized and will be discussed in this chapter.
IV. The last chapter provides the elucidation of cyclic dimers. The initial structure was obtained as a by-product in the macrocyclization reaction in Chapter 3 and was then transformed into the thiophene analogue. This synthetic step, as well as topological evidence and preliminary optical investigations of both dimers, are summarized in this chapter.
All chapters are constructed similarly, providing the introduction on the first pages to ease the reader into the topic. Afterward comes the project description, molecular design, synthetic strategy, results, and discussion. Also, each chapter is supplied with a summary and outlook. All the experimental parts can be found in the supporting information of the corresponding chapter and the spectra in the appendix
A new global air quality health index based on the 2021 WHO air quality guideline values
Full text linkAs Africa continues to grow with rapid urbanization and industrialization, the downside is that air pollution is the second leading cause of death on the continent; yet its health effects remain largely unquantified. This is evidenced by global systematic reviews and multi-city studies in which South Africa was the only country included. This thesis addressed two major research gaps in South Africa. First, it examined the short-term effects of multiple ambient air pollutants on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations and mortality. Second, it proposed a revised methodology for the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) that references the long-term WHO 2021 Air Quality Guideline values. This would allow the scientific evidence to be properly reflected in the interpretation of short-term concentrations. The constructed index was applied using air pollution data from Cape Town.
The study used daily air pollution, temperature, relative humidity data from the City of Cape Town, with hospital admissions (2011-2016) and mortality (2006 – 2015) data collected from six private hospitals and the South African Department of Statistics, respectively. For both hospital admissions and mortality due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, time-series analyses of daily health outcomes and air pollution were conducted using generalized additive quasi-Poisson models within a distributed lag non-linear modelling framework to estimate the cumulative effects. In addition, independent effects of multi-pollutant were examined and analyses were stratified by age group, sex, and season. The AQHI was constructed using effect estimates from two global systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Excess risks (ER) were derived for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and O3. Single pollutant AQHIs were developed and scaled using the ERs at the WHO 2021 long-term Air Quality Guideline (AQG) values to define the “low risk”. The daily total AQHI is the weighted average of the single AQHIs.
In the first part, we found a robust association between air pollution and cardiorespiratory health outcomes, with stronger effects among the female group and the elderly, with evidence of mortality displacement among the elderly. The second part of the thesis showed that the daily air quality posed “low risk” to the Cape Town population on 11% of the days within our study period. In addition, there was inconsistent improvement in the daily air quality over the decade, with the last year (2015) having the highest number of “low risk” days (28%).
This thesis adds to the growing body of evidence on the cardiorespiratory health effects of short-term exposure to air pollution and proposes a new tool for communicating air quality
Auswirkungen des BEPS-Projekts der OECD auf die Steuerordnung der Schweiz: Umsetzung des Aktionspunkts 5
Full text linkDie OECD initiierte das BEPS-Projekt, um Steuervermeidungspraktiken
multinationaler Unternehmen zu bekämpfen. Mit dem Ziel einer faireren
Steuerlandschaft erarbeitete sie einen Aktionsplan, um «Base Erosion and
Profit Shifting» (Gewinnkürzung und -verlagerung) entgegenzuwirken.
Die Schweiz hingegen betont die Steuerhoheit und den Steuerwettbewerb
als Schutz vor staatlichen Eingriffen. Kantonaler Steuerwettbewerb
und einige Steuerregimes der Schweiz sollen durch das BEPS-Projekt eingeschränkt
werden. Dies stellt die Schweiz vor Herausforderungen und
betrifft zentrale Besteuerungs- und Verfassungsprinzipien.
Die Arbeit untersucht die Auswirkungen des BEPS-Projekts auf das
Schweizer Recht und bewertet die Umsetzung durch die Schweizer Regierung.
Zudem wird gezeigt, wie die Schweiz verfassungskonforme Alternativen
entwickeln kann
Meta-research to improve the planning and reporting of randomized clinical trials
Full text linkThe ongoing challenge of poor research persists in the scientific community, highlighting concerns about unreliable findings, misguiding decision-making processes, and losing public trust. A key solution lies in addressing the burden of inadequate methods by making adjustments. Better planning and reporting are essential to tackle this issue effectively. Meta-research, involving interdisciplinary research on research methods, offers insights into existing challenges. In this PhD, we proposed two main meta-research projects to identify problems and suggest solutions, ultimately improving the planning, and reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs): i) The pattern of RECRUITment In randomized clinical trials (RECRUIT-IT) study, and ii) Subprojects of the ASPIRE (Adherence to SPIRIT Recommendations) Study on different methodological topics.
i) RECRUIT-IT study:
We conducted an empirical study using individual participant recruitment data from RCTs, gathered from convenient national, and international networks, to empirically identify common trial recruitment patterns. Our findings indicate that approximately two-thirds of RCTs had an overall linear recruitment trajectory, facilitating straightforward predictions of future recruitment. Principal investigator (PI) sites generally contributed more, longer, and faster in participant recruitment, underscoring their crucial role in ensuring successful trial conduct.
ii) Subprojects of the ASPIRE study:
Our team has built a database of 760 RCT protocols already approved by research ethics committees in Switzerland (Basel, Bellinzona, Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, St. Gallen, Thurgau, Zurich), Germany (Freiburg), Canada (Hamilton), and UK; 360 RCT protocols from 2012 and 400 from 2016. We used this database and complemented it with additional information from RCT protocols and corresponding publications to provide empirical evidence on A) non-registration, discontinuation, and non-publication of RCTs, B) the prevalence and reporting of patient reported outcomes (PROs) in RCT protocols and publications, and C) reporting of prespecified subgroup analyses in RCT protocols. The results of subproject A showed that non-registration (6%), and non-availability of results (20%) remain significant issues, with non-industry trials being more affected than industry trials. Additionally, approximately one third of all RCTs were prematurely discontinued, mainly due to poor participant recruitment. The results of subproject B showed that 70% of RCTs specified PROs as either primary or secondary outcomes, with significant variability among medical disciplines and interventions. The reporting standard for PROs in both protocols and publications was suboptimal, with a considerable proportion failing to adhere to protocol specifications when reporting PRO results. Similarly, the results of subproject C showed that planned subgroup analyses in the majority of RCT protocols were remained persistently inadequately in addressing fundamental scientific principles such as prior research considerations, limiting the number of subgroup analyses, and applying appropriate statistical methods.
The insights from the RECRUIT-IT study provide investigators with an overview of common trial recruitment patterns on the trial-level and the site-level, facilitating prediction and monitoring of participant recruitment in RCTs. Consequently, they can intervene to improve recruitment if it is needed, reducing the risk of unsuccessful recruitment and trial discontinuation. Assuring recruitment preserves research integrity by allowing the study to progress as intended, thereby minimizing the chance of discontinuation and research waste.
Insights from ASPIRE subprojects have raised awareness and highlighted the importance of various methodological challenges in trial registration, results publication, and planning and reporting of PROs and subgroup analyses. Enhancing registration and publication practices can reduce duplication, publication bias, and enhance transparency, thus reducing research waste. Simultaneously, effective planning and adherence to PRO protocols and improving methodological quality in subgroup analysis have a crucial role in ensuring the credibility of RCT results, aiding in waste reduction, and promoting more robust and transparent clinical research.
Mechanisms of vectored vaccination for durable effector T cell immunity and sustained germinal center reactions
Full text linkA deep understanding of the immunological mechanisms induced by vaccination, that lead to protective immunity, is essential for developing new vaccine platforms against current and emerging pathogens. The present thesis was aimed at gaining a better mechanistic understanding of how vaccines work. In the first part, we focused our study on the molecular determinants of viral vectors that account for long-lived CD8 T cell responses. In the second part, we performed a comparative analysis of COVID-19 vaccine regimens in clinical use, focusing on the induction and maintenance of GC responses. Finally, in the third part, we identified viral vectors that represent safer vaccine platforms, and tested their immunogenic capacity. this thesis offers a fundamental understanding of the mechanistic requirements of replication-deficient viral vectors for the induction of long-lived and potent CD8 T cell immunity.
We showed that non-cytolytic vectors can drive these responses through triggering of IFN-I, and should be chosen for the induction of durable CD8 T cell immunity. Furthermore, combining COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations in homologous prime-boost regimens favors the continued engagement of B cell clones in germinal centers and enhances the breadth of neutralizing antibodies compared to ChAdOx-1/mRNA or ChAdOx-1/ChAdOx-1 regimens. mRNA/mRNA regimens should be chosen in order to elicit variant cross-reactive antibody responses. Finally, the identification of PF4 non-binding adenoviral vectors offers new vaccine platforms with an improved safety profile
The longitudinal effects of Primary Health Care (PHC) interventions on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in Kosovo
Full text linkBackground and Context:
Healthy lifestyle behaviours play a crucial role in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Limited scientific literature exists on the prevention and control of NDCs such as diabetes and hypertension in Kosovo. The Accessible Quality Healthcare (AQH) project, funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and implemented by the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), has run in Kosovo since 2016, with a specific focus on improving the primary healthcare (PHC) services through control of NCDs in the public primary health care system. Some interventions of the AQH project, such as the delivery of motivational counseling sessions, tackle behavioural NCD risk factors such as unhealthy diets, tobacco use, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol.
These behaviour change interventions of AQH consist of: 1) health information campaigns using mass media, 2) community-based education sessions on diabetes and hypertension delivered by NGOs, targeting specific population groups, 3) health caravans (community awareness raising events), and 4) nurse-guided individual motivational counselling targeting specific sub-groups of public primary health care users.
Specifically, with regard to last point, the AQH project implements the WHO ‘Packages of Essential Non-Communicable Disease (PEN) Protocols’ (1), which were adapted for the Kosovo context by local experts. In this context, Health Resource Centers were embedded into local Main Family Medical Centers (MFMC). If a patient seen in the MFMC fulfils one or more of the following criteria: known hypertension, known diabetes, history of hypertension and/or diabetes in the family (first-degree relatives), age>40, smoker, or is overweight or obese, the family doctor refers the patient to the Health Resource Center for nurse-guided motivational counselling aimed at behaviour changes.
Implementation of the AQH service packages started in 2018 in 5 pilot municipalities with the delivery of individual motivational counselling sessions as one element of this intervention. Before it is rolled out in all municipalities, it is important to evaluate the update and achieved impact of the intervention to further improve and scale it up. The patient preference and needs perspective need to be considered. For example, there is limited understanding of barriers to physical activity among patients with diabetes and hypertension in Kosovo.
In order to evaluate the AQH interventions and to obtain data on lifestyle behaviours and NCDs in Kosovo public primary health care seekers, the Kosovo Non-Communicable Disease Cohort (KOSCO) cohort was set-up (5).
Aims:
This PhD thesis is embedded into the KOSCO cohort and pursuits the following specific aims:
The first aim of this PhD thesis is to assess the effectiveness of motivational counseling sessions delivered in primary healthcare centers and provide evidence for designing tailored behaviour change interventions in the future.
The second aim is to assess individual and structural barriers to physical activity perceived by patients with diabetes and/or hypertension and to inform health care providers and policy-makers in Kosovo on strategies for promoting physical activity.
The third aim is to assess multiple behaviour change interventions delivered by AQH on the following outcome measures: a) physical activity and nutrition behaviours; b) stages of behaviour change for physical activity and nutrition; and c) Body Mass Index (BMI).
Methods and Results:
The PhD dissertation corresponds to a mixed-methods embedded design based on Creswell and Clark’s (2); other studies have also used this study design by embedding qualitative research in a longitudinal quantitative study (3). Likewise, in our study, we used quantitative and qualitative methods to achieve the aims of this dissertation. For quantitative methodology, data were drawn from KOSCO study where participants are being follow-up every 6 months alternating between a telephone interview and face-to-face interview with clinical measurements. The qualitative methodology was achieved through in-depth interviews, which were conducted with twenty-six participants who were KOSCO participants that attended the motivational counselling sessions.
At the first cohort follow-up (October 2019-February 2020), only 22% of the eligible participants in the intervention municipalities obtained motivational counselling. Unhealthy behaviours were common even in persons who underwent motivational counselling (of whom 13% were smokers; 86% physically inactive; 93% with inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption; and 61% were obese); only the rate of smoking was lower in those who obtained counselling. Among smokers, over 80% were still in the precontemplation phase of behaviour change.
Qualitative interviews revealed three main themes relating to such barriers. They were as follows: 1) neighbourhood built environment, 2) health-related problems, and 3) social support.
At the third follow-up in September 2020 and February 2021 after the implementation of AQH interventions in 5 municipalities, there was no effect of residing in an Early Stage Implementation Municipality (ESIM) of the behaviour change interventions on self-reported adherence to WHO physical activity and nutrition guidelines, but adherence to both guidelines was higher in ESIM at the latest follow-up time point. ESIM residence was also associated with a two-fold increase in the probability of reporting a high motivation for a better lifestyle and with a statistically non-significant decrease in BMI of -0.14 kg/m2 (95%-CI: -0.46 to 0.19) at the latest follow-up
Sex and age estimation in human osteoarchaeology: improving standards with advanced methodologies
Full text linkThe dissertation “Sex and age estimation in human osteoarchaeology: improving standards with advanced methodologies” aimed to enhance methods for accurately estimating sex and age in human skeletal remains from archaeological samples. The study used a large sample of early medieval adult skeletons from ‘Hermsheimer Bösfeld’ as a test case, focusing on three specific topics.
The first topic was the systematic selection of traits for osteological sex estimation. While many traits are available for this purpose, reliable sex estimation does not require evaluating all of them. Given limited resources, it is essential to identify subsets of traits that are most informative, yet limited in size. The aim of the first research paper was to find out how to compile these subsets of traits, allowing a combination of traits from different anatomical regions as well as metric and morphological traits. An exemplary set of characteristics was used. In order to compare different subsets of traits with respect to their utility for sex estimation a simple measure for the utility was introduced: the fraction of subjects for which a posterior probability of 95% of being male or female could be reached, based on application of a discriminant analysis. To apply the latter, a reference standard was created using LCA (latent class analysis). However, also the few existing approaches to combine the information from multiple traits were included in the comparison, as well as an evaluation of each single trait. It was found that a combination of several traits from different anatomical regions yields the best results, i.e. the highest utility for estimating sex in adult individuals. The maximally possible utility of 0.76 was reached when combining traits from three anatomical regions.
The second and third topics related to age-mimicry in age estimation. Age-mimicry describes the fact that age estimates based on traditional age estimation methods to some degree reflect the age distribution of the reference population used in developing the specific methods, in particular its mean age. The investigations of the second and third topic were based on the application of 15 well-established and noninvasive methods in the field of paleodemographic studies (Wittwer-Backofen et al., 2008; Falys & Lewis, 2011; Buckberry, 2015), that can be applied in large archaeological series by macroscopic inspection and without application of imaging techniques or further technical means of investigation. All selected methods also allow translating a specific age indicator into an age estimate. The 15 different age-estimation methods based on nine different osteological/dental traits were once again applied to the Bösfeld sample.
The well-known phenomenon of age-mimicry is often considered a major obstacle against the application of formal age estimation methods. This bias in population mean estimates implied by age-mimicry has never been quantified before, hence the aim of the second research paper was to do so. The results showed that a difference of 3.57 years between the mean ages in two reference samples predicts a difference of 1 year in the corresponding mean ages of the target population. Thus, the bias implied by age-mimicry could be successfully quantified.
Methods to estimate the population age mean in an archaeological sample without suffering from age-mimicry have existed for over 20 years (Konigsberg & Frankenberg, 1992; Müller et al., 2002), but their use remains rather limited. The third investigation aimed to apply the available methodology to a large sample to demonstrate its potential and identify challenges. Results indicated successful application of the age estimation methodology in the Bösfeld sample avoiding age-mimicry, though challenges remain in terms of data base, statistical methodology and software, as well as suitable reference samples.
In summary, much has already been accomplished in the development of reliable sex and age estimation methods and their application in human osteoarchaeology. Now, there is the need to agree on a best practice.
For sex estimation we are already close to this objective - if the needed software is provided. In age estimation there remains a longer way to go, as we are still in need for consistent and reliable age indicators. For a routine use of the available methodology for age estimation and avoiding age-mimicry, we need more data from relevant reference samples. These data must be made publicly available in order to enable the efficient use of the general methodology on a large scale. With increasing insights into the potential biases in sex and age estimation methods (in adults), a more consequent use of adequate statistical methods, and better input there is distinct hope for the future
Akute und langfristige Effekte von Blood Flow Restriction Training auf das Schmerzempfinden bei Patienten und Patientinnen mit Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes
No full textHintergrund: Die akute und langfristige Wirkung von Blood Flow Restriction (BFR)-Training in der Rehabilitation nach einer operativen Kreuzbandrekonstruktion wurde untersucht. Dabei wurde evaluiert, ob niedrig-intensives Krafttraining mit Blutflussrestriktion (NI-BFR) zu einer signifikant grösseren Schmerzreduktion führt als niedrig-intensives Krafttraining (NI) ohne Blutflussrestriktion.
Methode: Randomisiert kontrollierte Studie mit 24 Probanden1 nach operativer Kreuzbandrekonstruktion. Beide Gruppen absolvierten acht Trainings an der Beinpresse über vier Wochen. BFR wurde bei 80% des vollständigen Gefässverschlusses angewandt. Das Schmerzempfinden wurde mittels Pressure Pain Threshold Messung an vier standardisierten Punkten (dominanter Quadrizeps, nicht dominanter Quadrizeps, Bizeps, Trapezius) gemessen. Zusätzlich wurde die Schmerzintensität bei einer Bewegungsaufgabe mittels VAS-Skala gemessen. Akutstudie: Baseline + vier weitere Messungen (direkt nach dem ersten Training, 10’ nachher, 60’ nachher, 24h nachher). Für die Langzeitstudie wurden die Messungen nach der Intervention wiederholt.
Ergebnisse: Akutstudie: mittlere signifikante Effekte für den dominanten (η²ₚ = 0.107) und nicht dominanten Quadrizeps (η²ₚ = 0.108) sowie den Bizeps (η²ₚ = 0.109), alle p 0.05. Langzeitstudie: keine signifikanten Effekte für den dominanten (η²ₚ = 0.016) und nicht dominanten (η²ₚ = 0.027) Quadrizeps, Bizeps (η²ₚ = 0.061) und Trapezius (η²ₚ = 0.047). Ebenfalls keine signifikanten Effekte bei der Bewegungsaufgabe (η²ₚ = 0.124), alle p > 0.05.
Schlussfolgerungen: Es gibt keine Hinweise für stärkere schmerzhemmende Effekte der BFR-Intervention. Weitere Studien sind nötig
Befindlichkeit, Schlaf- und Bewegungsverhalten in verschiedenen Lebensabschnitten - Eine Querschnittsstudie
No full textHintergrund: Die Forschung sagt, dass ausreichend Bewegung und guter Schlaf mit einer besseren psychischen Gesundheit in Verbindung stehen. Wer sich zu wenig bewegt und ungesund schläft, hat also mehr Anzeichen von Depression, Angst und Stress. Manche Studien behaupten auch, dass das Auftreten dieser Symptome in der Kindheit bereits ausschlaggebend sind und ein Indikator sind für spätere psychische Belastungen im Erwachsenenalter. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, mehr über diese Zusammenhänge zu erfahren und den Verlauf dieser Gesundheitsaspekte in verschiedenen Lebensabschnitten zu untersuchen.
Methoden: Es wurde ein digitaler Fragebogen entwickelt, welcher Messinstrumente zu den Aspekten Befindlichkeit, Schlaf und körperliche Aktivität beinhaltete. Diesen Fragebogen mussten die Teilnehmer drei Mal ausfüllen für die Lebensabschnitte Kindheit, Jugend und Erwachsenenleben mit Hilfe der «aktiven Imagination». So entstand ein Mix aus einer Querschnitts- und gleichzeitig einer Längsschnittstudie. Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage (N=246) wurden mit Pearson Korrelationen, t-Tests und F-Tests auf ihre Zusammenhänge und Verläufe untersucht.
Ergebnisse: Sowohl die Schlafqualität als auch der Umfang von körperlicher Aktivität zeigten signifikante Zusammenhänge mit den Symptomen von psychischer Belastung. Befindlichkeit, Schlaf und körperliche Aktivität in der Kindheit wurden alle mit späterer psychischer Belastung im Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter in Verbindung gebracht.
Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit genügend körperlicher Aktivität und gesundem Schlaf psychischen Belastungen vorgebeugt werden kann. Besonders entscheidend sind ausreichend Bewegung, qualitativ guter Schlaf und eine gute psychische Gesundheit in der Kindheit, da all diese Faktoren mit später auftretender psychischer Belastung in Verbindung stehen
Körperliche Aktivität, Befindlichkeit und Schlafmuster vor, während und nach bei Fasnächtlern der Basler Fasnacht
No full textHintergrund: Die Basler Fasnacht ist ein bedeutendes kulturelles Ereignis, das jedes Jahr wäh-rend drei ganzen Tagen stattfindet. Die Studie untersucht das Bewegungs- und Schlafverhalten der Teilnehmenden sowie deren subjektive Befindlichkeit vor, während und nach dieser Zeit. Es handelt sich um eine explorative Feldstudie, die mit einer gezielten Stichprobe durchgeführt wurde.
Methoden: Es haben 34 Personen der Teilnahme zugestimmt (Mittleres Alter: 34.38; 41% Männer; BMI: 25.11). Sie trugen vom 12. bis 29. Februar 2024 einen Aktigraphen (wGT3X-BT) und führten ein Schlaftagebuch. Zudem füllten sie zu Beginn und Ende folgende Fragebö-gen aus: IPAQ, PSQI, ISI, ESS, PSS, SVF-18, PANAS, HCL-32, Bedeutung der Fasnacht. Während der Fasnacht wurden zweimal täglich der PANAS und HCL-32 ausgefüllt sowie Fra-gen zum Konsum von Alkohol, Koffein und Nikotin beantwortet. 29 Teilnehmende haben die Studie vollständig absolviert.
Ergebnisse: Die körperliche Aktivität war während der Fasnacht erhöht. Gleichzeitig war die Schlafdauer deutlich verkürzt. Während sich die positiven Affekte nicht signifikant veränder-ten, nahmen die negativen Affekte ab. Dies weist auf eine höhere subjektive Befindlichkeit hin. Die Werte nach der Fasnacht ähnelten denen vor dem Ereignis. Es waren keine langfristigen Auswirkungen nachweisbar. Es wurden Hinweise auf Korrelationen zwischen subjektiver Be-deutung und Wohlbefinden sowie zwischen Koffeinkonsum und Schlafdauer gefunden.
Schlussfolgerungen: Die Fasnacht beeinflusst die körperliche Aktivität, den Schlaf und die Befindlichkeit kurzfristig stark. Nach der Fasnacht erholten sich die Werte jedoch schnell. Die Fasnacht stellt einen kurzen Einschnitt ins Alltagsleben der Teilnehmenden dar, ohne nachhal-tige Auswirkungen zu haben. Die Studie bietet eine solide Grundlage für zukünftige Forschun-gen, insbesondere der Untersuchung korrelativer Zusammenhänge