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Biological amelioration of water stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by exopolysaccharides‐producing Pseudomonas protegens ML15
Get PDFRapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a globally significant oilseed crop with high economic value. However, water deficit significantly limits its growth and productivity. Exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing bacteria offer a promising strategy to counteract drought stress, leveraging their high water retention capabilities and plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties. This study was conducted to characterize the PGP traits of selected EPS-producing bacteria strains and evaluate its efficacy in enhancing rapeseed resilience under drought conditions. Among five EPS-producing bacteria evaluated, Pseudomonas protegens ML15 was selected for its best performance. This strain demonstrated a range of plant growth-promoting traits, such as the solubilization of phosphate, potassium, and zinc, alongside the production of ammonia, siderophores, and proline. It also exhibited antioxidant activity and the ability to form biofilms, even under water-stressed conditions. Inoculation of rapeseed with strain ML15 increased germination percentages and seedling length. Notably, whether rapeseed plants were subjected to drought-induced stress or maintained under normal conditions, treatment with P. protegens ML15 inoculation consistently improved plant length and overall biomass. Under drought-stressed conditions, inoculated plants exhibited reduced malondialdehyde levels and increased vegetation indices, chlorophyll, protein, proline, and phenolic content. They also showed enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase and peroxidase, compared to uninoculated rapeseed plants. These findings underscore the potential of EPS-producing bacteria like P. protegens ML15 to mitigate water stress in plants, providing ecological and economic benefits that support agricultural sustainability
NMR studies of complex formation between natural cyclodextrins and benzene
Get PDFInclusion complexes of benzene (Bz) with cyclodextrins (CD) have been investigated so far using non-NMR techniques
in various solvents resulting in conflicting data. Here, the first application of NMR spectroscopy, combined with
rigorous statistical analysis of the results, has allowed us to determine accurately the stoichiometry of complexes and their association constants. Titration measurements have been performed by 1H NMR spectroscopy in D2O at a magnetic field B0 of 14.1 T. αCD and γCD host molecules form weak 1 : 1 complexes with Bz. In contrast, Bz and βCD build 1 : 1
and 2 : 1 complexes coexisting in solution with large binding constants. The binding of the second benzene molecule is strongly cooperative
PCNA and Rnh1 independently participate in the protection of mitochondrial genome against UV-induced mutagenesis in yeast cells.
Get PDFIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, the bulk of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication is mediated by the replicative high-fidelity DNA polymerase γ. However, upon UV irradiation low-fidelity translesion polymerases: Polη, Polζ and Rev1, participate in an error-free replicative bypass of UV-induced lesions in mtDNA. We analysed how translesion polymerases could function in mitochondria. We show that, contrary to expectations, yeast PCNA is mitochondrially localized and, upon genotoxic stress, ubiquitinated PCNA can be detected in purified mitochondria. Moreover, the substitution K164R in PCNA leads to an increase of UV-induced point mutations in mtDNA. This UV-dependent effect is highly enhanced in cells in which the Mec1/Rad53/Dun1 checkpoint-dependent deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) increase in response to DNA damage is blocked and RNase H1 is lacking, suggesting that PCNA plays a role in a replication damage bypass pathway dealing with lesions in multiple ribonucleotides embedded in mtDNA. In addition, our analysis indicates that K164R in PCNA restricts mostly the anti-mutagenic Polη activity on UV-damaged mtDNA, whereas the inhibitory effect on Polζ's activity is only partial. We also show for the first time that in conditions of dNTP depletion yeast Rnh1 neutralizes deleterious effects of ribonucleotides for mtDNA replication, thereby preventing the enhanced instability of rho+ mitochondrial genomes
The Potential Role of SCFAs in Modulating Cardiometabolic Risk by Interacting with Adiposity Parameters and Diet
Get PDFComplete genome sequence of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LPC100 strain from the NORDBIOTIC collection isolated from a human fecal sample
Get PDFWe report the genome sequence of the human fecal isolate Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LPC100 from the NORDBIOTIC collection, comprising a 3.075 Mb chromosome and three plasmids (61 kb, 12 kb, and 7 kb). Genetic content reveals the strain’s beneficial features—complete lactose metabolic pathway, potential production of bacteriocins, and short-chain fatty acids
Genomic Analysis of Cronobacter condimenti s37: Identification of Resistance and Virulence Genes and Comparison with Other Cronobacter and Closely Related Species
Get PDFCronobacter condimenti are environmental commensals that have not been associated with any clinical infections. To date, they are the least understood and described Cronobacter species within the genus. The objective of this study was to use a draft genome sequence (DGS) of the Cronobacter condimenti strain s37 to screen for genes encoding for antibiotic resistance, virulence, response to environmental stress, and biofilm formation. The strain was isolated in Poland from commercial small radish sprouts. This is the second genome of this species available in the GenBank database. The comparative genome analysis (cgMLST) of C. condimenti s37 with other Cronobacter spp. including the pathogenic species C. sakazakii and the plant-associated closely related genera Franconibacter and Siccibacter was also performed. The assembled and annotated genome of the C. condimenti s37 genome was 4,590,991 bp in length, with a total gene number of 4384, and a GC content of 55.7%. The s 37 genome encoded for genes associated with resistance to stressful environmental conditions (metal resistance genes: zinc, copper, osmotic regulation, and desiccation stress), 17 antimicrobial resistance genes encoding resistance to various classes of antibiotics and 50 genes encoding for the virulence factors. The latter were mainly genes associated with adhesion, chemotaxis, hemolysis, and biofilm formation. Cg-MLST analysis (3991 genes) revealed a greater similarity of C. condimenti s37 to S. turicensis, F. pulveris, and C. dublinensis than to other species of the genus Cronobacter. Studies on the diversity, pathogenicity, and virulence of Cronobacter species isolated from different sources are still insufficient and should certainly be continued. Especially the analysis of rare strains such as s37 is very important because it provides new information on the evolution of these bacteria. Comparative cgMLST analysis of s37 with other Cronobacter species, as well as closely related genera Franconibacter and Siccibacter, complements the knowledge on their adaptability to specific environments such as desiccation
Uridylation regulates mRNA decay directionality in fission yeast
Get PDFCytoplasmic mRNA decay is effected by exonucleolytic degradation in either the 5’ to 3’ or 3’ to 5’ direction. Pervasive terminal uridylation is implicated in mRNA degradation, however, its functional relevance for bulk mRNA turnover remains poorly understood. In this study, we employ genome-wide 3’-RACE (gw3’-RACE) in the model system fission yeast to elucidate the role of uridy- lation in mRNA turnover. We observe widespread uridylation of shortened poly(A) tails, promoting efficient 5’ to 3’ mRNA decay and ensuring timely and controlled mRNA degradation. Inhibition of this uridylation process leads to excessive deadenylation and enhanced 3’ to 5’ mRNA decay accompanied by oligouridylation. Strikingly we found that uridylation of poly(A) tails and oli- gouridylation of non-polyadenylated substrates are catalysed by different terminal uridyltransferases Cid1 and Cid16 respectively. Our study sheds new light on the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying bulk mRNA turnover, demonstrating the role of uridylation in modulating mRNA decay pathways
Sulfate Availability and Hormonal Signaling in the Coordination of Plant Growth and Development
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Sulfate Availability and Hormonal Signaling in the Coordination of Plant Growth and Development
by Anna Wawrzyńska * [ORCID] and Agnieszka Sirko [ORCID]
Laboratory of Plant Protein Homeostasis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3978; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073978 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 28 February 2024 / Revised: 28 March 2024 / Accepted: 1 April 2024 / Published: 3 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormones during Plant Growth, Development and Environmental Stress Adaptation)
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Abstract
Sulfur (S), one of the crucial macronutrients, plays a pivotal role in fundamental plant processes and the regulation of diverse metabolic pathways. Additionally, it has a major function in plant protection against adverse conditions by enhancing tolerance, often interacting with other molecules to counteract stresses. Despite its significance, a thorough comprehension of how plants regulate S nutrition and particularly the involvement of phytohormones in this process remains elusive. Phytohormone signaling pathways crosstalk to modulate growth and developmental programs in a multifactorial manner. Additionally, S availability regulates the growth and development of plants through molecular mechanisms intertwined with phytohormone signaling pathways. Conversely, many phytohormones influence or alter S metabolism within interconnected pathways. S metabolism is closely associated with phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), brassinosteroids (BR), cytokinins (CK), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and strigolactones (SL). This review provides a summary of the research concerning the impact of phytohormones on S metabolism and, conversely, how S availability affects hormonal signaling. Although numerous molecular details are yet to be fully understood, several core signaling components have been identified at the crossroads of S and major phytohormonal pathways
The role of electric charge in SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections
Get PDFThis study analyzed the role of electric charge in human viral infections. Examples of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), dengue, Ebola, influenza A, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are presented. Charge distribution in SARS-CoV-2 and electrostatic interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), were evaluated, and the mean time required for respired SARS-CoV-2 virus attachment was evaluated. The virus–cell attachment modality of all of the above viruses was calculated. The impact of electric charge on other viral-related processes, such as replication of virion material, release, and immune response, was also discussed. Special charge conditions in virus treatments were also indicated
Functional suppression of a yeast maf1 deletion mutant by overdose of the N-terminal fragment of the largest RNA polymerase III subunit, C160
Get PDFMaf1 is a general and global negative regulator of RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcription. Under repressive
conditions, Maf1 binds directly to the Pol III complex and sequesters Pol III elements that are involved in
transcription initiation. To further understand Pol III regulation, we searched for genetic bypass suppressors of a
maf1 deletion mutant (maf1Δ) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Strains that carried maf1Δ were temperature-sensitive
on media that contained nonfermentable carbon sources and showed the antisuppressor phenotype. Suppressors
allowed colonies to grow at the restrictive temperature on glycerol media and partially complemented the
antisuppressor phenotype of maf1Δ. DNA plasmids that were identified as overdose suppressors encoded Nterminal fragments of the largest Pol III subunit, C160 of various lengths. The shortest fragment, 372 amino acids
long, the overdose of which partially complemented the antisuppressor phenotype and temperature-sensitive
respiratory growth of maf1Δ, was named C160-NTF. In this study, we showed that the expression of HAtagged C160-NTF resulted in accumulation of approximately 40 kDa protein that was distributed throughout
the yeast cell, in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The overdose of C160-NTF led to decrease of tRNA transcription in
maf1Δ mutant cells, demonstrating functional suppression. Levels of newly synthesized individual tRNAs and Pol
III occupancies on tRNA genes were decreased by C160-NTF in the maf1Δ mutant. Additionally, we analyzed the
effect of C160-NTF overproduction and the presence of Maf1 on the associations among Pol III subunits. Previous
structural analyzes of Pol III have indicated that the N-terminal region of C160 interacts with the C82-34-31
heterotrimeric Pol III subcomplex. We suggest that the negative effect of C160-NTF overdose on tRNA transcription is related to defective Pol III assembly, because overproduction of C160-NTF altered C160 interactions
with C34 and C82 in the maf1Δ mutant