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Potential of gallium oxide as a radiation hard technology
No full textGallium oxide (Ga2O3) is an emerging and promising candidate for high-power and radiation-rich environments, such as space, thanks to its ultra-wide bandgap (~ 4.9 eV) and high critical electrical field (~ 8 MV/cm). Radiation in space, such as protons, alpha particles and heavy ions, can cause serious damage to electronic devices and even lead to permanent damage. However, assessing these devices' reliability and radiation hardness in space-like environments is often expensive and complex. In the present work, we utilize a technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation-based framework that uses the concept of non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL) to evaluate the displacement damage in electronic devices under particle irradiation. To assess the radiation tolerance of Ga2O3 diodes, first, a TCAD model for Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) is developed and calibrated/benchmarked to an experimental device, followed by irradiation simulations. The results show that Ga2O3 SBD can withstand a 5 MeV proton fluence of ~ 1015 cm−2 with no change in the forward current voltage (IV) characteristics. This value is significantly higher than that of 4H-SiC (~5 × 1013 cm−2) and Si (~1 × 1012) SBDs with the same ideal breakdown voltage - VBR (1600 V), demonstrating the potential of Ga2O3 as a radiation-hard technology
Effect of the synthesis method and particle size on BCZT electrocaloric properties
No full textIn this study, the electrocaloric properties of BCZT ceramics fabricated through different processing methods: solid-state and sol-gel were investigated. The calcination process was done for BCZT powders obtained by sol-gel process at 900 °C for 2 h and by solid-state calcination method at 1200 °C for 6 h. BCZT-SG ceramics exhibited higher ΔT values, particularly at lower temperatures (∼0 °C–20 °C), and a stronger response to the electric field, suggesting a more efficient domain structure due to sol-gel processing. Notably, BCZT-SGH samples demonstrated the most complex and pronounced electrocaloric behavior, with dual ΔT peaks around 0 °C and 50 °C, and the highest ΔT of 2.5 K at 80 kV/cm and 50 °C, surpassing values in the literature. Especially, high ΔT results at 0 °C allows using this material in the extreme conditions. These results emphasize the significant role of processing techniques in tailoring the structural, dielectric, and electrocaloric properties of BCZT ceramics for high-performance energy applications
Transcription factors, nucleotide excision repair, and cancer: a review of molecular interplay
No full textBulky DNA adducts are mostly formed by external factors such as UV irradiation, smoking or treatment with DNA crosslinking agents. If such DNA adducts are not removed by nucleotide excision repair, they can lead to formation of driver mutations that contribute to cancer formation. Transcription factors (TFs) may critically affect both DNA adduct formation and repair efficiency at the binding site to DNA. For example, “hotspot” mutations in melanoma coincide with UV-induced accumulated cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) adducts and/or inhibited repair at the binding sites of some TFs. Similarly, anticancer treatment with DNA cross-linkers may additionally generate DNA adducts leading to secondary mutations and the formation of malignant subclones. In addition, some TFs are overexpressed in response to UV irradiation or chemotherapeutic treatment, activating oncogenic and anti-oncogenic pathways independently of nucleotide excision repair itself. This review focuses on the interplay between TFs and nucleotide excision repair during cancer development and progression
Testing the distinction between sadism and psychopathy: a metanalysis
No full textThe relationships among the Dark Triad (DT) traits—Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy—are well-established in psychological literature. However, with the inclusion of everyday sadism in the proposed Dark Tetrad, it is important to determine whether sadism adds significant explanatory power beyond psychopathy, especially given its high correlation. In this study, we examined whether sadism contributed unique variance over psychopathy in studies where both traits were assessed. A review of PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect yielded 185 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, comprising 104,452 participants. We analyzed sample characteristics, including type, size, gender distribution, age, and key correlates such as narcissism, Machiavellianism, the Big Five, and Honesty-Humility. Our results indicate a substantial overlap between sadism and psychopathy, with both traits being strongly related to the other DT traits and showing no correlation with Openness. These findings highlight the need for future research to account for this overlap when interpreting the relationships between sadism, psychopathy, and related psychological constructs
Corrigendum to "A highly selective electrochemical sensor by using bimetallic metal organic framework for the detection of 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDEs)" [J. Food Compos. Anal. 144 (2025) 107702](S0889157525005174)(10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107702)
Get PDFThe authors would like to express their regret regarding the incorrect order of the corresponding authors and one of their affiliations in the original publication. The correct affiliation is as follows: Shamima Akhter - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, IMU University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [email protected]. Additionally, there is an update in the Acknowledgment section to reflect the following order: “This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, for niche area research under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program ( JPT(BKPI)1000/016/018/28 Jld.3(2) & NANOCAT-2024B). The authors also like to thank the International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NanoCat) and Researcher's Supporting Project Number (RSP2025R511), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for their contributions to this work.” We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused
Phage display-selected peptides: research and clinical applications in cancer imaging
No full textPhage display has emerged as a groundbreaking technique for discovering novel biomolecules with significant applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This technique employs genetically engineered bacteriophages to display diverse libraries of peptides on their coat proteins, enabling the identification of candidates through a biopanning process targeting specific cancer markers. Biomolecules identified via phage display are widely used as molecular tools, often labeled with imaging agents or conjugated to nanoparticles for noninvasive tumor imaging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in phage display applications in cancer research over the past 5 years and prominent examples of clinical studies. The analysis underscores the potential of phage display to deliver diagnostic and therapeutic biomolecules, highlighting its promise for future clinical implementation in cancer imaging
U-Pb calcite geochronology, EPR, geochemistry, and C-O-Sr isotopes of Africano marbles in the Seferihisar (İzmir, Türkiye)
No full textThe Africano marbles (Africano Verde and Bigio Africano) extracted from the region of Sığacık (ancient Teos) region and its surroundings were widely used and even traded in construction and decorative items throughout the Roman period due to their brecciated and colourful appearance. There are two different types of Africano marble, the first consisting of marble breccias embedded in a dark matrix. In this type, the marble breccias show micritic, microsparitic, and sometimes sparitic textures formed by coarse-grained calcite, while the dark matrix consists of chlorite and/or serpentine minerals. The second type is Bigio Africano, which consists of grey-blue homogeneous limestones, composed mainly of microsparitic and sparitic calcite. The geochemical and isotopic characteristics of Africano marbles extracted from three different quarries indicate that these marbles generally originate from carbonates deposited in an open ocean environment. Africano marbles can be easily distinguished from other brecciated marbles (Marmor Sagarium, Marmo Docimeion) by their grain sizes, the textural differences in the marble breccias and their geochemical properties. The same distinction, however, does not apply to Bigio Africano. This grey marble is very similar to other grey marbles used in ancient times. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope ratios in the whole marble samples vary between 0.70723 (±0.0000059) and 0.70956 (±0.0000058). The δ¹³C isotope values range from –4.96‰ (±0.08) to 3.36‰ (±0.08), while the δ¹⁸O isotope values range from –11.17‰ (±0.10) to –5.41‰ (±0.10). For the first time in this study, the U-Pb calcite age of Africano marbles was determined to be 73.3 ± 11 Ma, and this age is compatible with the fossil ages of limestones from the Bornova flysch zone. All spectroscopic characterization studies and age analyses performed on the Africano marbles will be an important data source for researchers investigating the source of these marbles in the future
Genetic engineering of phages with a specific focus on phage display technology in cancer
No full textGenetic modification of phages has made significant contributions to cancer diagnostics and therapy in modern research. The development of these molecular tools has enabled a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from vaccine development to biomarker discovery, with significant implications in both medical and biotechnological fields. Among the various phage-based methods, phage display stands out as the most widely used. This technique presents novel concepts with vast potential. In this review, we provide an update on the engineering of M13 bacteriophage and its use in phage display technology in the context of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, we discuss phage-focused applications that involve the genetic modifications of phages themselves, which contribute to the improvement of cancer biotechnology. The effectiveness of phage display technology in identifying high-affinity ligands for substrates, such as cancer cells and tumor-associated molecules, further enhances its value in biomedical applications
Proteomic data and drug implications for cerebral microvascular endothelial cells under varying oxygen levels
No full textHyperoxia in standard cell cultures (18 kPa O2) imposes cellular oxidative stress, potentially skewing research and drug screening outcomes. Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) experience no more than 7 kPa O2in vivo. In this study, hCMEC/D3 cells were adapted to 5 kPa O2 for 5 days to optimize an in vitro physiological cell culture model. Using a SYNAPT G2-Si mass spectrometer, we compared the proteomic profiles of cells cultured under 5 kPa versus 18 kPa O2. A substantial proteomic shift under hyperoxia highlighted the strong impact of oxygen levels on protein expression. We further investigated the effect of oxygen levels on drug screening using sulforaphane (SFN), an inducer of NRF2-regulated antioxidant defense genes. SFN induced more pronounced changes in proteomic profiles under 18 kPa O2 compared to 5 kPa, indicating oxygen-dependent cellular drug responses. This dataset offers a valuable resource for analyzing oxygen-sensitive proteomic changes. Comparative studies using different drugs or cell types could further elucidate oxygen-dependent signaling and inform the development of therapies aligned with physiological oxygen levels
The nanocarrier landscape-evaluating key drug delivery vehicles and their capabilities: a translational perspective
No full textThe field of nanomedicine is currently in a revolutionary phase, propelled by the significant potential of nanoparticles, which offer several advantages over traditional drug delivery systems. The purpose of this paper is to aggregate contemporary knowledge of nanoparticles developed and applied in drug delivery across major disease classes. Accordingly, we offer, through a thorough search of the literature, a comprehensive overview of the prevalent nanoparticles used in drug delivery systems, covering polymeric, lipid-based, inorganic, and carbon-based nanoparticles, and discuss their advantages and limitations. This work primarily focuses on studies published in the last 5 years, aiming to provide an up-to-date assessment of the critical nanoparticles in drug delivery. Narratively, we synthesize a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in nanocarrier technology, providing in-depth insights into the key nanoparticle types presented in the contemporary literature, their fundamental benefits, potential clinical applications, and limitations impeding their development and adoption. We note that there are gaps and opportunities for concerted efforts focused on developing biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles, establishing scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes, and addressing regulatory challenges associated with nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. These challenges persist despite the immense translational success of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems and necessitate continued interdisciplinary research and cross-industry collaboration among scientists, clinicians, and regulatory bodies