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Il diritto del lavoro di fronte al diritto antidiscriminatorio: una riflessione di metodo.
No full textIl contributo ripropone, con note bibliografiche, l’intervento al Congresso di Messina del maggio 2024 intitolato Diritto antidiscriminatorio e trasformazioni del lavoro e si sofferma sulle sfide (anche ermeneutiche) per la comunità lavoristica derivanti dal più intenso rapporto tra diritto del lavoro e diritto antidiscriminatorio. Nel contributo, si conferma che la riflessione giuslavoristica sull’uguaglianza non è una novità e non può esserlo: è la ragione stessa del diritto del lavoro. La sfida per la riflessione scientifica deve comprendere approcci e strumenti diversi anche in ragione del mutamento di contesto sociale, produttivo, tecnologico di riferimento. Ma in questi giorni partecipiamo ad una riflessione in cui il diritto del lavoro si rapporta, non senza fatica, al diritto antidiscriminatorio. Nelle conclusioni l’A. si sofferma sul lascito di Messina 2024 alla comunità scientifica lavoristica, quello di diritto del lavoro contemporaneo che pratica l’opzione (metodologica) integrata del sistema e del sottosistema, supportata da una teoria dell’interpretazione giuridica attenta all’assetto multilevel delle fonti (con un’opzione a favore dell’interpretazione sistematica e/o dell’interpretazione conforme al diritto, considerato lo stretto rapporto con il diritto dell’UE). L’art. 15 dello Statuto dei lavoratori cambia costantemente testo e linea interpretativa in ragione di questo necessario approccio integrato e per noi rimane, comunque, nel corso del tempo, l’architrave strutturale di questa integrazione di sistemi. Come a dire che nel diritto del lavoro contemporaneo ha cittadinanza la risposta plurale al potere senza limiti e questa risposta non è più solo il diritto inderogabile o un contropotere collettivo evocato anche quando non ci sono rappresentanze sindacali e/o comunità collettive di riferimento. La risposta plurale e la sua complessità meritano uno spazio adeguato evitando di tradurre l’opzione qualificatoria del diritto del lavoro classico in mero linguaggio corrosivo che porta solo a svalutare le pratiche consolidate nel corso del tempo realmente antidiscriminatorie
Recensione
No full textIl libro studia in chiave comparativa l'associazionismo italiano in Sud America e si interroga sui suoi lasciti
Computational Stylistics and Stylometry
No full textComputational stylistics is a subfield of stylistics in literary studies, extending traditional methods through computational means. We reconstruct its history by focusing on the field of stylometry, which statistically analyzes linguistic patterns to provide authorship attribution and to study literary texts in a “distant reading” perspective. We present the main stylometric methods by focusing on the used features (e.g., character n-grams and function words) and on the different analysis techniques (e.g., distance measures and machine learning), considering also keyness analysis methods. We conclude the chapter by showing how research in stylometry promotes a fusion of computational and traditional literary studies
Deutsch in der Schule in mehrsprachigen Konstellationen
Get PDFDeutsch als Fremdsprache wird in Schulen nahezu aller Länder der Welt von insgesamt ca. 13,4 Millionen Schülern gelernt. Der Beitrag behandelt den Deutschunterricht in den Ländern, die direkte Nachbarstaaten der deutschsprachigen Länder Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz und Liechtenstein sind und in denen Deutsch nicht nur Fremdsprache ist, sondern in irgendeiner anderen Form anerkannt wird. Es wird ein Überblick über die unterschiedlichen Bedingungen des Deutschunterrichts in den ausgewählten Ländern gegeben. Um den Vergleich zu erleichtern, sind alle Abschnitte gleich aufgebaut: In einer ersten Sektion wird die Gesamtsituation des Deutschen im untersuchten Land dargestellt, in den meisten Ländern mit Fokus auf Deutsch als Minderheitensprache; die zweite Sektion beschäftigt sich mit der Konzeptualisierung von Deutsch in der Schule, also ob nur die in der Regel (bundes)deutsche Standardsprache oder auch andere Varietäten des Deutschen thematisiert werden; die dritte Sektion behandelt die Lehrwerke, die vierte Sektion die Lehrerausbildung
Unfolding Life – The Dialectic of the Living in Hegel’s Thought. Philosophical Foundations and Contemporary Resonances
No full textThis issue of Ethics in Progress titled Unfolding Life – The Dialectic of the Living in Hegel’s Thought. Philosophical Foundations and Contemporary Resonances builds upon the discussions initiated in issue no. 15(2) (2024) of the journal, which explored the enduring relevance of Hegel’s early philosophy through the theme Nature
and Spirit. While continuing along that trajectory into Hegel’s mature philosophy, the present issue narrows its focus to a central dimension of Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature: the concept of life in its diverse manifestations. The contributions investigate various
forms of living being – plant, animal, and human – examining their underlying impulses, structural dynamics, and vulnerabilities. Together, the essays highlight how Hegelian philosophy offers critical resources for engaging with contemporary questions about the nature and conditions of life
Single and multiple switches, swap and retransitioning among 28,073 biological drug users with inflammatory bowel diseases: results from the Italian VALORE network
No full textBackground: The increasing availability of biological drugs (originators and biosimilars) in the last decade for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has led to complex switching patterns in real-world settings. Objectives: To describe the switching/swapping patterns of biological drugs in IBD patients in Italy over the last decade. Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using administrative data from 14 Italian regions (2010-2023) in the VALORE distributed database network. Methods: Patients with at least 1 year of look-back and follow-up, who initiated biological therapy with ⩾2 dispensations for IBD, were included. Switches, swaps (between biologic classes), multiple switches (⩾2), switch-backs, and re-transitioning (biosimilar to originator) were described. Predictors of multiple switches at 3 years were identified through COX regression analysis. Results: Among 28,073 first-ever users (55.8% Crohn's disease and 44.2% ulcerative colitis), most started with adalimumab (45.3%) or infliximab (39.6%). The F/M ratio was 0.79, with a median age of 41.0 years (IQR: 27.0-54.0). At 1, 3, and 5 years, switch/swap rates were 12.0%, 35.6%, and 52.6%, respectively, while multiple switches occurred in 18.7% at 5 years. Re-transitioning from biosimilar to originator occurred in 10% of patients who initially switched from originator to biosimilar of the same molecule. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors switched more frequently and more rapidly than ustekinumab or vedolizumab. Depression and corticosteroid use were identified as predictors of multiple switches at 3 years of follow-up. Conclusion: About half of first-ever users of biological drugs who were treated because of IBDs switched or swapped within 5 years from treatment start. TNF-α drugs were more likely to switch or swap. They also swapped or switched more rapidly than vedolizumab and ustekinumab. Notably, 1 out of 5 had changed biologic therapy more than once at 5 years and, among those who switched to a biosimilar, 1 out of 10 re-transitioned to the originator
Effects of urban, natural, and digital environments on physical activity and well-being. Addressing methodological issues in restorative environments research
Get PDFBackground. In recent years, the health benefits of exposure to natural
environments have gained increasing attention across multiple fields, including
psychology, public health, and urban planning. The growing body of research suggests that interaction with nature can support psychological and physiological well-being. While foundational theories such as the Stress Reduction Theory (SRT) and Attention Restoration Theory (ART) have laid the groundwork for understanding how nature influences psychological health, more recent perspectives, such as the instoration domain, highlight the role of physical activity in nature (green exercise) in enhancing overall well-being. This thesis explores these connections, explicitly focusing on the effects of green exercise on physical and mental health. By integrating psychological, physiological, and environmental factors, the research aims to comprehensively understand nature-based physical activity's restorative potential.
Methods. The research comprises three studies designed to investigate the
multifaceted effects of nature exposure on health. The first study is a comprehensive review of green exercise research, evaluating the existing methodologies, findings, and potential gaps in the literature. This review also emphasizes methodological challenges such as inconsistent comparison conditions and limited measures of nature exposure, guiding future research directions. The second study is an experimental investigation that assesses green exercise's psychological and physiological benefits. In this study, participants engaged in a one-hour walking session across three environments: urban, natural, and indoor. Physiological markers, including heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and cortisol levels, were measured to assess the body’s recovery from stress. Psychological outcomes were evaluated using validated self-report measures of affective states (positive and negative emotions), perceived effort, psychological restoration, and enjoyment of the physical activity. The study examined how these outcomes varied depending on the environment,
comparing the restorative and stress-reducing effects of physical activity in nature with those in urban and indoor settings. The third study focuses on hypoxia as a physiological stressor and investigates how exposure to natural environments may support recovery from this stressor. This study explored the impact of hypoxia on both psychological and physiological outcomes, particularly anxiety. It examined whether the restorative qualities of nature (measured through perceived restorativeness) could buffer the psychological impact of oxygen deprivation.
Results. The review (Study 1) identified key gaps in the current literature,
including inconsistencies in study designs and shortcomings in green space assessment. It highlighted the need for more precise and standardized measures of nature exposure and the integration of individual perceptions of restorative potential in future studies. Results from Study 2 indicated that exposure to natural environments during physical activity significantly improved physiological and psychological health outcomes. Specifically, participants engaging in green exercise showed increased heart rate variability, reduced cortisol levels, and improved mood states compared to those in urban or indoor environments. These findings suggest that nature-based physical activity can enhance stress recovery, improve emotional well-being, and foster positive changes in health-related physiological markers. Results from Study 3 demonstrated that hypoxia induces stress, as evidenced by increased anxiety and changes in physiological markers. However, individual perceptions of restorativeness, especially in natural environments, appeared to buffer the psychological impact of hypoxia. Participants who rated nature-related images as more restorative reported lower levels of anxiety, suggesting that the restorative qualities of nature can mitigate the adverse effects of stressors, even in challenging contexts like
hypoxia.
Conclusion. Despite mixed findings in the previous literature, this thesis provides
robust evidence for the restorative and enhancing effects of nature-based physical activity on psychological and physiological well-being. The findings support the integration of green exercise into public health strategies aimed at improving mental and physical health. Moreover, the results underscore the importance of further investigating the underlying mechanisms of these effects, mainly through the lens of the instoration domain, which emphasizes not only recovery but also the promotion of adaptive behaviors and resilience. These findings contribute to developing interventions and policies that harness the health-promoting potential of natural environments, fostering both individual well-being and broader societal health
Consumer behaviour toward "smart" food labels: A systematic literature review using the Technology Acceptance Model
No full textTechnological innovations such as smart labels can enhance food safety, traceability, and sustainability. However, consumers remain reluctant to adopt this technology. This study investigates consumer behaviour toward smart labels through a systematic literature review, applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to assess factors influencing adoption. A review of 36 articles highlights that the perceived usefulness of smart labels stems from their ability to provide real-time product traceability, reduce food waste, and foster direct communication between consumers and producers. However, significant barriers persist despite these advantages, including consumer unfamiliarity, lack of trust, and usability concerns. External factors, such as perceived regulatory effectiveness, technical challenges, and cost implications, also impact consumer acceptance. Sociodemographic and attitudinal factors further shape attitudes toward smart labels. The findings suggest that to improve adoption, stakeholders must enhance consumer education, simplify user interfaces, and ensure regulatory alignment to build trust. Moreover, integrating digital food labelling with traditional packaging may enhance accessibility and overcome resistance. This study contributes to the growing body of research on smart labels by providing insights into consumer perception and preference and proposing strategies to increase adoption. Policymakers and industry stakeholders can leverage these insights to refine labelling strategies, promoting informed purchasing decisions and sustainable consumption. Future research should explore the role of cultural and societal norms in smart label adoption and the potential of emerging technologies such as blockchain and AI in enhancing label credibility
AI Pioneers Final Conference – AI and the Future of Education
No full textThis presentation by Cassandra Wubbels and Luca Chiavegato introduced the AI-Pioneers Toolkit, a curated knowledge base supporting educators in effectively integrating Artificial Intelligence into teaching and training. The session presented the toolkit’s structure and a demonstration of an AI-enabled training application, highlighting its potential to enhance course design, facilitation, and evaluation through accessible, adaptable open resources