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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on US deaths for aortic rupture or dissection
No full textThe results of our analysis suggest that the age-adjusted death rate for aortic rupture or dissection did not change significantly during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Thus, neither direct biological injury or indirect damage due to by delayed diagnosis and treatment appear to have influenced the outcome of aortic pathologies
Nunc age . . . expediam: A Didactic Introductory Construction in Virgil’s Poetry
No full textThe present paper analyses a didactic three-part construction (henceforth D3C), composed of nunc, age and a first person singular commissive and metacommunicative
verbum dicendi. The D3C is present three times in Virgil’s poetry: once
in the Georgics and twice in the Aeneid. This study aims to consider each element from a linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic point of view, paying special attention to context and genre. Moreover, the D3C and its variants are studied in a comparative perspective along the literary and non-literary testimonia both latina and graeca of Antiquity, in order to identify possible literary models
Le due diverse iscrizioni di una stele da San Canzian d’Isonzo (Gorizia)
No full textSi esamina una pregevole stele con ritratti da Aquileia che presenta due diverse iscrizioni realizzate in tempi diversi da mano divers
Combining a 9-month tailored physical exercise program with osimertinib and denosumab in a patient affected by advanced NSCLC with multiple osteolytic bone lesions: A case report
Get PDFA 55-year-old female patient affected by an EGFR mutant NSCLC with multiple lytic bone metastases and two prior pathological fractures, undergoing treatment with osimertinib and denosumab, participated in a 9-month physical exercise program. The exercise program was performed twice a week and consisted of aerobic and strength training. Aerobic training was composed of moderate-intensity continuous training for the first 3 months and then high-intensity interval training. Strength training was performed through body-weight/elastic band exercises for the first 6 months and isotonic machines from months 6-9. Assessments, performed every 3 months, included physical fitness parameters, such as functional capacity, muscle strength, anthropometric measures, body composition, and quality of life. Functional capacity progressively improved by 80 m at month 6 and slightly decreased by 22 m at month 9. At the end of the intervention, grip strength increased in both arms, whereas the body composition showed a progressive decrease in fat mass (-3.39 kg) and an increase in muscle mass (+3.89 kg) until month 6 and then stabilization. Quality of life exhibits a great improvement in the first 3 months, especially in the physical role, emotional functioning, fatigue, pain, dyspnoea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, and diarrhea, and then maintained with little variations. This case suggests that a highly structured physical exercise program may be feasible, safe, and effective in patients with lung cancer and bone metastases if performed under the supervision of trained experts
Breast
No full textA review of the art exhibition 'Breast', curated by Carolina Pasti, made its debut during the opening of the
60th International Art Exhibition of the Venice Biennale, held from April 18 to November 24,
2024
The Influence of an Intense Training Regime in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes on Semen Parameters: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: Male infertility is influenced by physiological factors like age, as well as lifestyle factors, including physical activity. However, the specific impact of sport activity on semen parameters, and thus on male fertility, remains unclear. Specifically, the aim of this systematic review is to evaluate how an intense regime of training may affect sperm parameters in professional and non-profession athletes. Methods: Studies reporting sperm parameters associated with high training load were included. In April 2024, three electronic databases and literature sources (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched. Quality appraisal was performed independently by three authors using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tools (NHLBI-QAT). Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting a total of 156 participants. Sixteen weeks of intensive cycling training produced a significant decrease in seminal volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and morphology, with a return to their initial levels, except for sperm morphology and sperm concentration, after at least one week of rest. In addition, in athletes with varicocele, a 6-month stop from sports activity went a long way toward improving sperm concentration and sperm motility. However, DNA fragmentation, a greater presence of round cells, and high numbers of active macrophages were described. At least 30 days improve semen parameters in professional and non-professional athletes. Conclusions: Intensive training could worsen seminal parameters and, consequently, male fertility. However, certainty of evidence is very low, and the results should be interpreted with caution
Antidepressants versus placebo for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
No full textBackground: Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental health condition characterised by excessive anxiety and worry about everyday events. GAD is a common disorder and generally affects women twice as often as men. Treatments include various psychological and pharmacological therapies. Among the pharmacological therapies, antidepressants, in particular, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), are commonly used for the treatment of GAD and many studies have shown their benefit over placebo. Only one systematic review and meta-analysis comparing all antidepressants to placebo has been done in the past. Since then, new data on existing antidepressants have emerged and new antidepressants have been introduced. An updated and more comprehensive review is needed to provide a stronger understanding of the efficacy, acceptability, tolerability, and impact on the quality of life of the various types of antidepressants compared to placebo. Objectives: To assess the effects of antidepressants in GAD in adults, specifically: to determine the efficacy of antidepressants in alleviating symptoms of GAD compared to placebo and to review the acceptability of antidepressants in GAD in terms of adverse effects, including the general prevalence of adverse effects compared to placebo. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Common Mental Health Disorders (CCMD) register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and two trials registers in October 2022. Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCT) or cluster-RCTs that randomly assigned participants to receive either an antidepressant or placebo for the treatment of GAD. There were no restrictions on dose, frequency, intensity, or duration of treatment. The studies included adults of either sex with a primary diagnosis of GAD and without any serious medical comorbidities. Psychiatric comorbidities were allowed as long as GAD was the primary diagnosis. We excluded studies investigating psychotherapies and those that included participants who had regular use of benzodiazepines. There were no restrictions on setting, country, or language. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently checked eligibility and extracted data following standard Cochrane methodological procedures. We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 1 tool. A third review author resolved disagreements between the two primary review authors. We extracted study characteristics, participant characteristics, intervention details, settings, and outcome measures regarding efficacy, acceptability, tolerability, and quality of life. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. Main results: We included 37 unique RCTs with 12,226 participants in the review. The studies included adults with moderate-severe GAD and without any serious medical comorbidities. Few studies included participants with secondary psychiatric comorbidities. The double-blind treatment duration ranged from four weeks to 28 weeks. Antidepressants have a benefit over placebo on rate of treatment response measured as a reduction of at least 50% on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) (risk ratio (RR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29 to 1.55; 20 studies, 7267 participants; high-certainty evidence). The magnitude of effect corresponds to a number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) of 7 (95% CI 5 to 9). Antidepressants have no difference in acceptability compared to placebo, measured as the number of participants who dropped out during the trial as a proportion of the total number of randomised participants (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.14; 33 studies, 11,294 participants; high-certainty evidence). Fewer participants dropped out due to a lack of efficacy in the antidepressant group compared to the placebo group (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.50; 29 studies, 11,007 participants; high-certainty evidence) with an NNTB of 27 (95% CI 24 to 32), and more participants dropped out due to adverse effects in the antidepressant group compared to placebo (RR 2.18, 95% CI 1.81 to 2.61; 32 studies, 11,793 participants; high-certainty evidence) with a number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome (NNTH) of 17 (95% CI 13 to 112). We observed similar findings when classes of antidepressants were compared with placebo. The certainty of the evidence for the analyses comparing different classes of antidepressants to placebo was high. Authors' conclusions: This review added to the growing literature on antidepressants in the treatment of GAD. We have high confidence that antidepressants are more effective than placebo at improving treatment response and that antidepressants have similar acceptability to placebo. Fewer participants dropped out due to a lack of efficacy in the antidepressant group compared to the placebo group and more participants dropped out due to adverse effects in the antidepressant group compared to placebo. We are highly confident in this evidence. This review identified some important gaps in the literature on antidepressants for GAD and can be used as a tool to guide future research. Future studies may be more transparent with their methodology and outcome reporting. Future reviews may also include people with comorbidities, and explore other sources of heterogeneity
Don Lorenzo Milani. Tra storia e storiografia
No full textIl contributo prende in considerazione la più significativa e originale
produzione storiografica maturata su don Lorenzo Milani (1923-1967) nel periodo compreso tra il 2017 (sessantennale della morte) e il 2023 (centenario della nascita). Pubblicare fonti inedite e nuovi saggi di sintesi – sviluppati sia nell’ambito della storia del cristianesimo e delle chiese, sia nel campo storico educativo – ha arricchito le prospettive interpretative e di indagine sulla vita e sugli scritti del priore di Barbiana, contribuendo a mettere ulteriormente
in rilievo l’eccezionalità e l’attualità di uno dei più lucidi intellettuali cattolici del ’900, di un “maestro” collocabile nell’alveo storico della tradizione italiana di educazione emancipatrice
Guidelines for the standardization of pre-analytical variables for salivary biomarker studies in Alzheimer's disease research: An updated review and consensus of the Salivary Biomarkers for Dementia Research Working Group
Get PDFThere is a pressing need for accessible biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis to facilitate widespread screening, particularly in underserved groups. Saliva is an emerging specimen for measuring AD biomarkers, with distinct contexts of use that could complement blood and cerebrospinal fluid and detect various analytes. An interdisciplinary, international group of AD and related dementias (ADRD) researchers convened and performed a narrative review of published studies on salivary AD biomarkers. We critically appraised the current state of the literature, examining both consistencies and discrepancies in existing pre-analytical variables and methodologies. We discussed how various pre-analytical variables could influence the detection and quantification of salivary biomarkers, showed technologies available to standardize collection procedures, and proposed a standardized pre-analytical protocol to guide future studies on salivary AD biomarker examinations. We identified potential contexts of use, gaps, and priorities and proposed future research directions. HIGHLIGHTS: Given its non-invasive nature, wider accessibility, and cultural acceptability, particularly in low-resourced settings, saliva is a biofluid complementary to blood and CSF. Current salivary AD biomarker studies do not control for many confounding pre-analytical variables during the sampling process, potentially leading to inaccurate salivary biomarker readings and conclusions, contributing to conflicting findings. Reviewing the current literature, including the consistencies and non-consistencies observed in the existing parameters and methodologies, discussing how they can affect salivary AD biomarker detection and quantification. Proposing a standardized salivary pre-analytical protocol, identifying the gaps and prioritizations needed to move this area forward, proposing future directions and potential contexts of use
The shadow wage of child labor: An application to Nepal
No full textThis paper describes a new method for estimating shadow wages and identifying the shadow contribution of child labor to household income. The approach enables a direct test for recursivity by comparing the estimated shadow wages with the market wage. This is a novel option to test for non-separability that complements traditional indirect tests based on constraining production or consumption decisions. Our innovative identification strategy is not specific to child labor but can also be used to identify gender-specific shadow wages for women and men. The estimated shadow wages are meaningful in the context of Nepal's rural economy. Based on the results of our direct test for separability, we conclude that the separable representation of farm households is inconsistent with the Nepalese data. We also estimate the contribution of child labor to household income at both the household and national levels. A series of simulations illustrates the role that child labor plays in household livelihoods and how it affects Nepal's income distribution