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Technology use in counselling education: Canadian counselling and psychology educators' perceptions
No full textThe study explored counsellor and psychologist educators’ perceptions of the use of technology for graduate-level counsellor education. Understanding how COVID-19 shifted participants’ approaches to teaching was part of the rationale for studying online education in this context. The study further explored educators’ perceptions of different delivery formats for counsellor and psychologist education. The aim was achieved by using a survey-based design focused on Canadian counsellor and psychologist educators who have taught both pre-pandemic and during the pandemic and who have taught at least one online and at least one face-to-face course in counselling, school psychology, or clinical psychology over the past five years. The data were collected using an online survey administered through Qualtrics. The results of the study showed that (a) educators were challenged in supporting quality practicum and internship experiences in online modality and identified it as not suitable for online delivery, (b) educators found it difficult to establish connections with their students and ensure students’ competence while teaching online (c) educators structured their courses using synchronous video (d) benefits of online counsellor education were associated with flexibility, travel time and cost savings, equity, and convenience (e) concerns with online teaching were difficulty with building strong foundational competencies for students, engagement in professional discussion, distractions, lack of connection with students and less interactivity. Important findings are discussed in relation to other scholarly research. In addition, implications for training and future research are discussed.Includes bibliographical references (pages 92-104
How early-career researchers use citations to build arguments in their literature reviews?
No full textThis study investigates the role of citations in constructing academic arguments within the literature reviews of early-career graduate students in Canada. A qualitative content analysis of the literature reviews of the six published articles in the Canadian Journal for New Scholars in Education was conducted to explore citation practices and patterns. The findings of this study highlighted that citation moves are instrumental in constructing well-developed arguments in academic writing, early-career academic writers often struggle to incorporate counterarguments in their citation practices. While the inclusion of rebuttals significantly enhances the persuasiveness and quality of arguments, literature reviews can still be persuasive in the absence of rebuttals. By providing insights into how citations function within literature reviews, this study offers recommendations for improving citation practices and supporting graduate students in developing their academic writing skills.Includes bibliographical references (pages 134-150
Point in time: significance of needlepoint to community, culture, and entrepreneurship in the Greater Toronto area
No full textThis thesis centres the maker and their craft within the bounds of needlepoint.
Utilizing ethnographic fieldwork that I conducted in the summer of 2024 at both Needle
Art and Needle and Thread Finishing, two businesses that cater to needlepoint in the Greater Toronto Area, this thesis analyzes the complex and overlapping relationships between thread, canvas, designer, stitcher, and finisher throughout a needlepoint project. I analyze needlepoint in relation to other needle crafts and discuss new businesses and approaches to needlepoint that have emerged in recent years, including its presence on social media and online communities. I shed light on the socioeconomic boundaries that exist within needlepoint, and I examine value-based judgments on art versus craft. I take a look at Needle Art's inventory, specifically their large Judaica collection, which includes needlepointed Judaica objects that mark Jewish life cycle rituals and rites of passage. This thesis includes two needlepoint case studies; one centred on my own learning to needlepoint, the other a needlepointed challah cover. Finally, I reflect on how my views of needlepoint have changed during the authoring of this thesis and through my study of folklore and material culture
Synthesis and utilization of novel diazo-enones; total synthesis of furan-based target molecules
No full textThis thesis focuses mainly on the synthesis and application of diazo compounds. More specifically, a unique subclass of α-diazocarbonyl compounds, known as diazo-enones. This category features both an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety and a diazo group. These multifunctional compounds can be utilized as Michael acceptors, dienophiles, or carbene precursors, enabling the construction of complex organic compounds. This work focuses on developing a new method for synthesizing acceptor-type diazo-enone and its β-substituted derivatives without using diazomethane. Additionally, exploring their application in the construction of polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds through a novel Hauser-Kraus type annulation. Traditionally, the Hauser-Kraus reaction involves a [4 + 2] cycloaddition between phthalides and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to build naphthalene derivatives. Here, diazo-enones serve as surrogates for the classical α,β-unsaturated compounds, leading to the efficient synthesis of naphthofuran scaffold via construction of two C–C and one C–O bonds in one step. This structural motif is found in many natural products such as furomollugin. This thesis also covers the total synthesis of the antimicrobial natural product isomicrocionine-3. This synthetic route features a novel 3-substituted furan construction via a monowave-mediated [4 + 2]/retro-[4 + 2] reaction, furnishing the natural product in a 7 step convergent synthesis.Includes bibliographical reference
Advancing machine learning for large eddy simulation of offshore wind farms
No full textSubgrid-scale modelling in large eddy simulation remains an open problem in the field
of turbulence modelling, particularly when dealing with complex
ows like those in
offshore wind farms. The core challenge in subgrid-scale modelling is accurately representing
the effects of unresolved small-scale turbulent motions on the larger, resolved
scales of the
ow. Traditional models frequently rely on simplifying assumptions, such
as isotropy, to characterize eddy viscosity. However, these assumptions often fall short
in accurately capturing the complex, anisotropic, and multiscale nature of turbulence
in real-world offshore conditions. Such limitations can lead to inaccuracies, including
over- or under-dissipation of energy from the resolved scales, ultimately impacting
the predictive accuracy and stability of large eddy simulations. Machine learning and
data-driven approaches offer promising alternatives, focusing on developing robust,
generalizable subgrid-scale models that enhance the scalability and performance of
large eddy simulations without compromising computational efficiency.
This thesis proposes an advanced machine-learning-facilitated approach to improve
turbulence modelling within the large eddy simulation framework, with a focus on
offshore wind farms. By incorporating machine learning techniques, this research
addresses the inherent challenges of capturing the complex, multiscale turbulent
ow
behaviours typical in offshore environments. The work is centred on the development
and assessment of machine-learning-based subgrid-scale models aimed at improving
the predictability, performance, and scalability of turbulence models for offshore wind
farm applications.
To establish the machine-learning-based subgrid-scale model, an offshore wind
farm was simulated using the actuator disk method, with simulated data compared
against wind tunnel measurements before model training. Both standard a-priori and
a-posteriori analyses were performed to evaluate the machine learning model's effectiveness
comprehensively. The study began by leveraging a scale-adaptive large eddy
simulation of
ow past a sphere, which offers insights into turbulent wake dynamics
and essential features of the turbulence energy cascade. Based on this analysis, a novel
subgrid-scale model using a wavelet-assisted encoder-decoder architecture with skip
connections was introduced to predict subgrid-scale stresses in the wake of a sphere
using the Germano-Lilly framework. Results demonstrated that this model is particularly
adept at capturing
ow intermittency and preserving spatial
ow information
in the wake of a sphere at Reynolds numbers of Re = 103 and Re = 104.
To enhance the scalability and generalizability of the wavelet-assisted encoderdecoder
subgrid-scale model, the study undertook an in-depth examination of its
interpretability. The efficacy of encoder-decoder models, particularly in turbulence
modelling, depends significantly on their latent representations. As such, the nonlinearity
of the encoder-decoder's latent space was scrutinized, revealing promising
results in capturing the intermittency and chaotic nature of turbulent
ows. Achieving
scalability necessitates testing the model in both a-priori and a-posteriori setups,
which led to the development of the Scale-Adaptive Machine-learning Subgrid-Scale
(SAM-SGS) model for large eddy simulations of offshore wind farms. Building upon
prior mathematical insights, this model captures subgrid-scale turbulent eddies by directly
learning coherent enstrophy dynamics and energy cascades. Leveraging mixed
subgrid-scale modelling principles, the SAM-SGS model employs the encoder-decoder
architecture to represent structural stresses and uses eddy viscosity to model turbulence
dissipation.
The potential of the SAM-SGS model extends beyond its immediate accuracy
in turbulent
ow prediction. Its ability to dynamically adapt to varying
ow conditions
in offshore wind farms presents an opportunity for greater scalability and
generalization in large-scale simulations. Through a-priori and a-posteriori analyses,
it demonstrated a strong capability to capture essential turbulent features, underscoring
its potential to enhance turbulence modelling in offshore wind energy technology.
Notably, the SAM-SGS model accurately predicted subgrid-scale turbulence statistics
under new initial conditions and even with different filter widths than those in the
training data. This capability suggests robust generalizability to varying conditions,
highlighting its promise for advancing offshore wind technology.Includes bibliographical references (pages 147-176
Contrapower incivility: contents and antecedents
No full textWorkplace incivility is a low-intensity and subtle form of workplace mistreatment, which may have deleterious impacts on its targets. Incivility researchers have extensively studied its frequency, target demographics, contributing factors, and effects. However, most of this research has centered on subordinate experiences. The incivility experiences of those who lead or manage the work of others have remained largely underexplored. The current thesis addressed this understudied area by looking at the incivility experiences of leaders from their subordinates (a phenomenon referred to as contrapower incivility and rooted in earlier scholarship on contrapower sexual harassment). The objective of the current research was to examine the contents of contrapower incivility (i.e., the behaviors that constitute contrapower incivility) and their antecedents (i.e., factors responsible for contrapower incivility). To achieve these objectives, I conducted three studies. In Study 1, I used a qualitative interview-based research design to explore the behaviors that comprise contrapower incivility and the factors that influence them. Using thematic analysis, Study 1 showed that the behaviors constituting contrapower incivility include: insubordination, competence questioning, information denial and conspiracy against the leader. Also, Study 1 revealed the leader’s behaviors, subordinate intrapersonal factors, and perceptions of incivility climate as the most common factors responsible for contrapower incivility. Moreover, Study 1 showed some contrapower incivility behaviors not captured in the existing incivility scale (i.e., the Workplace Incivility Scale). Thus, Study 2 was focused on developing and validating a contrapower incivility scale. Using contents from Study 1, 13 unique items were validated as a
measure of contrapower incivility. In Study 3, I used an experimental research design to causally test the antecedents of contrapower incivility. The result of Study 3 showed that subordinate intrapersonal factors and perception of incivility climate increase contrapower incivility. However, the hypothesis that the perception of a leader’s negative behavior will increase contrapower incivility was not supported. Implications are discussed.Includes bibliographical references (pages 187-206
Colonial encounters: Inuit agency and colonial narratives in the Eastern Arctic
No full textThis dissertation examines the cultural encounters, colonial disruptions, and Indigenous agency in Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) and Nunatsiavut (Labrador) during the 18th and 19th centuries. The point of departure is the Moravian mission at Noorliit (Neu Herrnhut) and its interactions with Kalaallit Inuit and the Danish colony. This research demonstrates how cross-cultural engagements produced nuanced power dynamics, negotiating traditions, religious conversion, and economic exchange by framing the Nuuk peninsula as a colonial contact zone.
Through an interdisciplinary approach integrating archaeology, historical analysis, and Indigenous methodologies, this research reassesses the impact of colonial structures while centring Kalaallit perspectives. The Noorliit Archaeological Field School prioritised ethical, community-based methodologies, ensuring Kalaallit students actively shaped the excavation process. Emphasising relational accountability and decolonial praxis, the fieldwork fostered the co-production of knowledge rather than extractive research. Discussions on site selection, excavation strategies, and interpretations were conducted collaboratively, reinforcing the principle that archaeology should serve the descendant community.
Beyond excavation, the field school integrated museum days to reconnect with historical material culture, using archival research and tactile engagement with cultural belongings to deepen an Indigenous-centred understanding of the past. This approach underscored the role of museums as sites of colonial memory while simultaneously reclaiming them as spaces of cultural resurgence and critical reflection. The excavation at Noorliit revealed material evidence of structural transformation and Indigenous resilience, shedding light on shifting household arrangements, architectural modifications, and the selective adaptation of European culture.
The theoretical framework incorporates postcolonial theory, transculturation, and the concept of contact zones to explore how cultural entanglements in Kalaallit Nunaat were multidirectional rather than unilaterally imposed. The study critiques the historiography of Arctic colonialism, highlighting the role of colonial amnesia in erasing Indigenous contributions from historical narratives. By recovering some of these suppressed histories, the dissertation underscores the importance of ethical, collaborative research approaches in historical archaeology.
Ultimately, this dissertation challenges conventional understandings of colonial encounters in the Arctic, demonstrating that Kalaallit Inuit actively engaged in resistance and adaptation, strategically integrating and reinterpreting colonial influences to sustain their cultural identity. The findings contribute to broader discussions on Indigenous agency within colonial contexts and call for an inclusive, decolonial approach to Arctic history and archaeology.Includes bibliographical references (pages 180-194
Deep-water biodiversity-ecosystem functioning in temperate to Arctic shelf and fjord benthos
No full textDespite many ongoing changes in the global ocean, few studies have addressed biodiversity-
ecosystem functioning relationships in deep-water benthic ecosystems across Canadian
temperate to Arctic shelf and fjord habitats. Although megafaunal keystone taxa clearly
influence epifauna, their impact on associated macroinfaunal communities and ecosystem
functioning remains poorly understood. In this study, I consider cerianthid (tube anemone,
Ceriantharia) fields as a potential keystone feature of deep-water systems, using sediment push
core samples and shipboard incubations. Elevated faunal density and distinct community
composition and biodiversity throughout sediment layers characterized cerianthid field
sediments in comparison with adjacent sites. Greater degradation of organic matter (OM) inside
cerianthid fields likely enhanced silicate efflux and potentially increased anammox processes.
I attribute these differences to cerianthid predation pressure and altered hydrodynamics inside
cerianthid fields that might enhance deposition of OM. On a much larger scale, multiple threats
related to climate change threaten deep ocean biota and its functional role within global
elemental cycles. I conducted a meta-analysis on studies investigating deep-water, soft
sediment macrofaunal communities and nutrient remineralization processes from the Northwest
Atlantic into the Arctic, a hotspot of accelerated climate change. Taxonomic and environmental
differences indicated two distinct ecological settings (Atlantic and Arctic) within the study
region. I found strong continuity in ecological variables impacting ecosystem functioning, with
different variables dominating biodiversity ecosystem functioning relationships in Arctic and
Atlantic settings. My study highlights the large-scale importance of biogenic habitats in
contributing to ecosystem functioning and resilience throughout the region, and illustrates the
scale- and context-dependence of ecosystem functioning while providing insights into potential
shifts of ecosystem functioning with the ongoing Atlantification of Arctic environments.Includes bibliographical reference
High-performance modified-weight concrete design using an optimal combined statistical experimental design methodology
No full textThis thesis has one primary and two secondary objectives. The primary objective of this research is to design and optimize High-Performance Modified-Weight Concrete (HPMWC) mixtures, investigating the application of the statistical mixture combined design methodology (SMCD). The concrete mixtures have six mixture components: metakaolin, cement, fine aggregates, normal weight coarse aggregates, lightweight coarse aggregate, and water; and one process variable: the maximum size of normal weight coarse aggregate. The 17 responses studied included various performance criteria of HPMWC, including fresh, mechanical, and durability properties. The study included the selection of the statistical design, logistical planning for execution, processing, and the analysis of the experimental runs. To minimize the number of runs and take into account the combined mixture and process variables, the KCV (Kowalski, Cornell, and Vining) model was used. Thirty-four experimental runs were required to model the responses studied. Prediction models were fitted for each response and validated. The results show that performance criteria prediction models accuracy ranges from very poor, such as Poisson’s Ratio and Tested MOR which result in negative predictive R2 values, to excellent, such as the Dry Bulk Density, with the others falling in between poor and excellent.
A secondary objective of this thesis was the refinement of testing methodologies for evaluating HPMWC fresh concrete properties. It is recognized that the fresh properties have a critical influence on the final product, and an aim was to make recommendations on in-place workability testing. A detailed examination of existing workability tests, the Slump,
K-Slump, and Kelly Ball tests were evaluated based on the fresh properties of the 34 concrete mixtures. The results obtained using the three testing methods were statistically compared and evaluated. The three workability techniques were shown to be statistically and positively correlated; however, Kelly Ball showed inconsistency with K-Slump and Slump tests in 4 workability measurements, reaching its limiting value. Thus, it was determined that among Kelly Ball and K-Slump in place tests, K-Slump has a potential of future improvement and use for in place workability assessment.
The third objective of this thesis was to explore the abrasion resistance testing of HPMWC, considering its growing application in demanding environments such as bridges and offshore platforms. Two ASTM standard methods, one by sandblasting and one by rotating cutters, were employed to assess the abrasion resistance. These were supplemented by a novel laser-scanning techniques to measure the test results. A special focus was given to the topography of the abraded concrete surfaces resulted using Sandblasting approach, and to the inherent variability in abrasion mechanisms. An evaluation of ASTM C418-20 testing method was carried out and its modeling clay standard measurement method was statistically compared with the novel laser scanning measurement techniques. While no significant statistical difference at the 5% level between the results was found, the level of detail provided by each method was different and essential for test measurement choices. It was recommended that the laser scanning method should be used when the topographical information in relation to abrasion mechanism is required and when abrasion quantities are low.
In summary, this thesis employed an advanced statistical method, specifically the SMCD approach and KCV model, to design and optimize HPMWC. It places emphasis on refining workability and abrasion resistance testing techniques to enhance the concrete's performance in demanding environments.Includes bibliographical references (pages 228-261
Non-invasive estimation of soil hydraulic parameters in boreal podzolic soils using ground-penetrating radar and hyrological models
No full textObtaining information on soil hydraulic parameters (SHPs), including their spatiotemporal variation, is fundamental to understanding flow and transport processes in the vadose zone. This research examined the potential of coupling time-lapse ground-penetrating radar direct ground wave (GPR-DGW) information with hydrological models for non-invasive estimation of SHPs in a boreal podzolic soil using two experimental studies. The first research study focused on estimating soil water content (SWC) variation in podzolic soil using GPR-DGW and predicting field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfₛ) by integrating the estimated SWC variations into the Green-Ampt (GA) model. The second study investigated the potential of integrating SWC variation derived from GPR-DGW in the Hydrus-1D model for obtaining Mualem-van Genuchten (M-vG) parameters and simulating soil water dynamics. Both studies involved short-term Beerkan infiltration experiments monitored using a surface GPR system of 500 MHz center frequency, collecting time-lapsed traces every 5 s. The first study revealed that GPR-DGW can successfully provide continuous, reliable SWC variation data during a short-term infiltration, which proved useful in obtaining probable Kfₛ values from the GA model. The second study also found that reliable M-vG parameters can be obtained through the inversion of SWC variations from GPR-DGW in the Hydrus-1D model. In addition, good correlations were observed between measured SWC variation and those simulated using the inverted M-vG parameters. Overall, this research demonstrates a significant advancement in using GPR as a reliable and robust technique for large-scale SHPs prediction in boreal podzolic soils, with the possibility of extending to other soil types in future research.Includes bibliographical reference