Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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The role of glutamate transporter-1 in firing activity of locus coeruleus neurons and nociception in rats
No full textLocus coeruleus (LC) is considered to be the main source of norepinephrine in the central nervous system (CNS) and plays important role in relieving pain in the body. Changes in the activity of synaptic excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) would be an applicable way to regulate synaptic transmission in the LC. In the present study, we examined the role of astrocytic glutamate transporter-1 (GLT1) in the firing activity of LC neurons and the sensation of pain in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into three control (CNT), ceftriaxone (CFT) and dihydrokainic acid (DHK) groups. Animals were given intraperitoneal injections for nine consecutive days after which the electrophysiological and behavioral experiments were performed to determine the single-unit activity of LC neurons and pain sensation. Results of this study revealed that CFT as a well-known up-regulator of GLT1 expression decreases the latency of pain sensation in rats but inhibition of GLT1 activity by DHK showed no significant effects. Furthermore, the results obtained by single-unit recording from LC showed a significant decrease in evoked response in CFT group compared to the CNT group. Therefore, this study suggests that GLT1 might be considered as a potential therapeutic target for pain modulation in the future
The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on posttraumatic cognitions and psychological inflexibility among students with trauma exposure
Get PDFBackground: Posttraumatic stress disorder has a negative impact on the individual, family, and community due to disturbance in social functioning, increased stress, and life‑threatening health status. Therefore, effective and useful therapeutic interventions in this area are very
important. This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the posttraumatic cognitions
of students with trauma exposure. Methods: In this quasi‑experimental study, population included all students of Islamic Azad University in
Roudehen, Tehran, Iran, during the academic year of 2018–2019. After administering trauma questionnaire, the second version of acceptance
and action questionnaire (AAQ‑II), and posttraumatic cognitions inventory (PTCI) to 500 people, 113 people who experienced trauma and
had high scores in PTCI and low scores in AAQ‑II were identified. Of whom 40 people were selected randomly. After the clinical interview,
the subjects were randomly placed in the experimental group (who received ACT, n = 20) and placebo group (n = 20). Both groups were
pre‑ and posttested using the PTCI and AAQ‑II. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The results showed
that there was a significant difference in posttraumatic cognitions (negative cognitions about self, negative cognitions about the world, and
self‑blame) between the two groups. In addition, the results of posttest related to ACT had a significant impact on psychological inflexibility.
In other words, ACT reduced posttraumatic cognitions and increased psychological flexibility of these students. Conclusion: The findings of
the present study reveal that despite posttraumatic cognitions of students with trauma exposure, ACT increases value‑based behaviors through
increasing psychological flexibility and decreasing experiential avoidance
Current Approaches for Combination Therapy of Cancer: The Role of Immunogenic Cell Death
No full textCell death resistance is a key feature of tumor cells. One of the main anticancer therapies is increasing the susceptibility of cells to death. Cancer cells have developed a capability of tumor immune escape. Hence, restoring the immunogenicity of cancer cells can be suggested as an effective approach against cancer. Accumulating evidence proposes that several anticancer agents provoke the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are determinants of immunogenicity and stimulate immunogenic cell death (ICD). It has been suggested that ICD inducers are two different types according to their various activities. Here, we review the well-characterized DAMPs and focus on the different types of ICD inducers and recent combination therapies that can augment the immunogenicity of cancer cells
In vitro comparison of antimicrobial activity of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate gels with or without fluoride on streptococcus mutans
Get PDFIntroduction:
Dental caries is a bacterial infectious disease. Many microorganisms are involved in the creation of decay but the bacterium Streptococcus mutans is the main cause of caries. It can be controlled and prevented when considering the principles of individual health and the application of preventive substances such as fluoride in this stage. In this regard, various products have been introduced to the market, which is one of them is casein phosphopeptide‑amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‑ACP)which is a paste with a commercial name of Gc tooth mousse to the dental market. The aim of this study was in vitro comparison of antimicrobial activity of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste with or without fluoride on streptococcus mutans.
Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, the antibacterial effects of two pastes , namely MI paste pluse (containing CPP‑ACPF) and GC tooth mousse (containing CPP‑ACP), were evaluated against S. mutans.The disc diffusion method was used for testing the bacterial sensitivity. The data were analyzed using the two independent sampleT test.
Results:
There is a significant difference between the mean diameter of the inhibition zone in casein phosphopeptide‑amorphous calcium phosphate containing fluoride and no fluoride (P ≤ 0.05). The mean diameter of inhibition zone around the MI paste pluse(containing CPP‑ACPF) was significantly higher than GC tooth mousse (containing CPP‑ACP).
Conclusion:
As the findings indicated, the Phosphopeptide-calcium phosphate amorphous -containing fluoride (CPP‑ACPF) represents the growth inhibitory of Streptococcus mutans more than Phosphopeptide -calcium phosphate (CPP‑ACP)
Development of a Novel Anti-Obesity Compound with Inhibiting Properties on the Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Get PDFBackground: Obesity as a developing global challenge can be characterized by increase in adipocyte number and size arising from adipogenesis. Control of adipogenesis, as a potential strategy, can prevent and manage obesity. So far, the effectiveness of herbal medicine and active ingredients therapies for obesity and metabolic syndrome treatment has been investigated. In this study, a novel combination of berberine, catechin, and capsaicin was developed, and their effect on 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated.
Mthods: The effect of active ingredient on the cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Adipocytes were treated with various concentrations of berberine (3 and 6.25 μM), catechin (6.25 and 12.5 μM), and capsaicin (6.25 and 12.5 μM) alone and in combination.
Results: All active ingredients did not affect the cell viability by MTT assay at different concentrations. The dual and triple combinations of three active ingredients showed excellent potential as anti-obese without any toxicity. The inhibitory effect of berberine, catechin, and capsaicin on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was found to be dose-dependent. These results indicate that catechin in both doses may have a stronger effect than the two other active ingredients on the intracellular lipid accumulation. Also, the triple combination of the aforementioned ingredients showed better responses than their dual combination.
Conclusion: This work is the first report to simultaneously investigate these three active ingredients in a single, dual, and triple formats. The berberine, catechin, and capsaicin co-treatment inhibits the adipogenesis during the differentiation process. This compound can be a prospective therapy for obesity and relevant diseases such as dyslipidemia.
Keywords: Berberine; Capsaicin; Catechin; Obesity; 3T3-L1 cells
The Relationship of General Health Condition with Safety Attitudes and Demographical Specifications in Workers of Car after-Sale Services Workshops Iran 2019
No full textBackground: Health condition of workers affects their productivity. The relationship between general
health and safety attitudes is not quite clear.
Objective: The present paper is an attempt to examine the relationship of general health condition with
safety attitude and demographical specifications of workers at car after-sale services workshops in Ardabil-
Iran.
Materials and Method: The study was carried out as a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The
sample group consisted of 650 workers in small car after-sale services workshops located in Ardabil City.
Three questionnaires including a demographical form, the General Health questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the
safety attitude inventory were used for data gathering. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS19.
Results: The mean score of safety attitude was 71.05±2.3 and the mean score of general health was
24.96±3.35. The score of general health had a significant relationship with age group, work experience,
marital status, education level, and history of work incident. The mean scores of safety attitude was
significantly different depending on age group, work experience, workshop ownership status, marital status,
education level, income, and history of work accident.
Conclusion: The subjects had a low safety attitudes score and high probability of general heath disorders.
General health condition was directly related to safety attitude of the participants. Therefore, providing
applied educations based on the workers’ needs to increase awareness and improve safety attitudes of
workers can lead to a decrease in the rate of work accidents and a higher general health in the workers
Removal of humic acid from aqueous media using Sono-Persulphate process: optimization and modelling with response surface methodology (RSM)
No full textThe most important effect of humic acid (HA) as a natural organic matter in water is the reaction with disinfectants and the generation of toxic and carcinogenic byproducts. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of the sono-persulphate process for the removal of HA from aqueous media by box-Behnken design (BBD) using response surface methodology (RSM). This study was experimental and was performed in a laboratory-scale pilot. The effect of important operational parameters such as solution pH, persulphate concentration, and reaction time at three levels (+α, 0, and -α) was studied using a constant intensity of ultrasonic (US) waves (37 kHz) and the initial HA concentration of 25 mg/L. Optimisation and analysis of the results were performed by Design Expert 10 and the residual-HA was measured using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the quadratic model was suitable for the data (Pvalue>0.0001) and the proposed model was confirmed with a high correlation coefficient ((R2 = 0.9966) and (R2 Adj = 0.9932)). Under the optimal conditions for the process (pH of 3, optimal persulphate concentration of 0.514 mg/L and reaction time of 39.29 min), the observed removal efficiency was 87.59%. The synergetic degradation of the sono-persulphate process and removal of COD under optimal conditions were 42.63% and 81.2%, respectively. According to the results, the sono-persulphate process was found to be an appropriate process in the degradation of HA, and the BBD was found as a suitable tool for optimising the process conditions in the removal of HA
Detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen with electrochemical biosensor
No full textIntroduction: Diagnosis of viral infections such as hepatitis and AIDS is a main priority for health systems of countries. Chronic infections with hepatitis B virus can lead to the liver carcinoma and cirrhosis. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a part of hepatitis B virus that appears in the bloodstream in the case of an active infections and is used as a biomarker for dection of acute and chronic hepatitis B infections. In recent years, biosensors have been used as powerful tools for detection of tiny concentrations of HBsAg.
Methods: In this study, first, the surface of the screen-printed electrode (SPE) was modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Second, the specific antibody (Ab) of HBsAg was attached on the MWCNT-SPE (Ab-MWCNT-SPE). In the following, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to neutralize unreacted surfaces to prevent non-specific binding sites (Ab/BSA-MWCNT-SPE). Then, all surface of Ab/BSA-MWCNT-SPE covered with ferrocene-modified HBsAg (HBsAg*) as the signaling probe, and incubated with native HBsAg molecules to mesure the on-off signals.
Results: The purposed biosensor (HBsAg*-Ab/BSA-MWCNT-SPE) produced detetable ectrochemical signals due to the presence of Ferocene molecules in the structure of antibody molecules. In the presence of native antigen (HBsAg), electrochemical signals were reduced significantly because ferocene-conjugated HBsAg (HBsAg*) were replaced by native HBsAg. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and linear detection range (LDR) for our biosensor were found to be 6.3 pg.mL-1 and 0.01-300 ng.mL-1.
conclusions: The developed biosensor showed acceptable accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity with low detection limit and wide linear detection range. Briliant advantages of this biosensor were simplicity of assebling and stability of the produced signals. The assembly of this biosensor can be used as model for construction of other screen-printed based biosensors
The effect of Barrow Oral Care Protocol on Oral Health in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation Admitted in the Intensive Care Unit
No full textBackground and Aim: One of the most important care of patients in intensive care unit is patient's oral care. In fact, oral care prevents other serious complications such as pneumonia caused by artificial ventilation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Barrow Protocol based care on patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Ardebil Fatemi Hospital.
Method: This study was a double-blind clinical trial design performed on 90 patients admitted to ICU in 2018-19. Patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. For the intervention group patients, a combined oral care program was performed based on the modified Barrow protocol for 5 days. Oral health status was evaluated and compared in both groups during the five days of study. The data were finally analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test, independent t-test, ANOVA for repeated measures) were used for data analysis.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in oral health of first and second days between the routine and intervention groups but the difference started from the third day and continued until the last day of study p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Barrow oral care Protocol improves oral health status of patients receiving mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. Therefore, it is recommended that this protocol be used in intensive care units
Assessment of Health and Safety Hazards in Hospitals using five methods and comparing the results with the FMEA method
Get PDFBackground: Observation of safety and health condition at hospitals helps controlling and decreasing the hazards. Due to the wide range of incidents and the notable financial load, safety management is highly important for hospitals. Through systematic assessment of potential hazard, we can take effective measures to protect workforces’ heath and assets.
Aim: To compare ETBA, HEMP, HOSHRA, and AHP for assessing hazards at Iran-based hospitals using the FMEA method in 2019.
Methods: The study was carried out as a descriptive and cross-sectional study in 2019 at 12 wards of Imam Hospital, Ardabil-Iran. Data gathering was done by the experts and using the checklists of ETBA, HEMP, HOSHRA, FMEA, and AHP and the results were compared.
Results: The comparison of the methods was done using FMEA and the results showed that the hazard risks identified by ETBA were different from FMEA and those identified by HEMP were similar to FMEA. In addition, the result of the FMEA method was identical to HOSHRA in terms of chemical, biological, and ergonomic hazards and identical to the AHP method in terms of biological, needle stick, and chemical agents.
Conclusion: As the results showed, FMEA revealed the highest number of risks. Along with FMEA method, ETBA can be also used in hospitals for risk assessment and to have a comprehensive view of the risk