Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Assessing readiness for change in the Helmet use: a motivational interview
No full textAbstract Objective:This study aimed to determine the motivation to helmet use among motorcyclists in Ardabil city using the trans-theoretical model (TTM) motivational interview. Methods: Random cluster sampling was used for this study. Five gas stations were selected from the crowded areas of Ardabil city and motorcyclists who came to these places were randomly interviewed. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 350 motorcyclists in Ardabil were selected and interviewed by TTM Motivational questionnaire. We used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression for analysis of data in SPSS software version 20. Results: Findings revealed that 12.6% of respondents consistently wore a helmet when they rode a motorcycle, while 45.2% of helmet non-wearers were uncertain about wearing a helmet in the future. Decisional balance (pros), self-efficacy (decreasing the negative affect situation score), and behavioral process of change can motivate participants to helmet use. Conclusion: Reducing negative social situations and increasing positive emotional states can motivate people to use helmet. Keywords: Helmet, Motivational interview, Readiness for chang
Evaluation of the logbook of the department of operative dentistry in Ardabil university of Medical Sciences at 2019 from students’ point of view
No full textIntroduction: There are several tools for evaluating the achievement of educational goals. One of
these tools is logbook. The aim of this study was to evaluate the logbook designed in the operative
dentistry department from the students’ point of view.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 60 dental students included the
study in the academic year of 2019. Information was collected through a researcher-made
questionnaire in three sections: demographic data, logbook evaluation questions, and an openended question about suggestions. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by faculty
members. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach´s alpha test with a
coefficient of 0.8. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: The mean overall evaluation score of Logbook was 28.98±5.77. 71.7% of students
mentioned that the effect of logbook on their knowledge about the evaluation method was high
and very high. Regarding the necessity of using logbook, 51.7% of students choose high and very
high necessity. Using Pearson correlation test, there was a significant and positive relationship
between the students’ final score of semester and their opinion about the Logbook evaluation.
There was also a relationship between the logbook evaluation score and the experience of not
using the logbook in the education period.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, in general, students' views on the use of logbook were
moderate, and since logbook should meet the educational needs of all students, it is necessary to
redesign its content
Ultrasonic-assisted H2O2/TiO2 process in catechol degradation: kinetic, synergistic and optimization via response surface methodology
No full textThe Impact of Psychological Factors on Stigma among Frontline Nurses Fighting Covid-19
No full textThe epidemic of COVID-19 has considerably changed the workplace and social relationships of nurses. As potential factors, uncertainty, stigma, and exposure of nurses' families to risk have disturbed the process of providing healthcare services for patients infected by COVID-19. Accordingly, this study aimed at determining the impact of psychological factors on stigma among frontline nurses fighting COVID-19. The extant paper was carried out based on the descriptive-analytical method for April-June 2020. A total of 312 nurses working in educational-medical centers in Ardabil, Iran were selected using the census method to participate in this research. To collect data, demographic features, stigma, mental health, perceived stress, and hardiness questionnaires were used. The collected data were analyzed using statistical correlation tests, multivariate regression, and descriptive tests through SPSS v.22 Software. The mean score of stigma in nurses equaled 28.36±10.55. Results of the correlation coefficient showed a positive relationship between the mean score of stigma and stress (P≤0.01) as well as the negative relationship between mental health and hardiness (P≤0.01). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that mental health could be the predictor of stigma. Therefore, these factors should be identified and controlled to mitigate stigma under such critical circumstances.
KEYWORDS: Stigma, Mental Health, Perceived Stress, Hardiness, COVID-1
Post-traumatic stress disorder and its related factors in nurses who caring for COVID-19 patients
No full textAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its related factors in nurses caring for COVID-19 patients.
Background: PTSD is a mental disorder that can be caused as a result of direct or indirect contact with traumatic events. Health care providers, especially nurses caring for COVID-19 patients, are at risk for PTSD due to exposure to traumatic conditions.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study. Data were collected using a web based online survey in June. A total of 395 nurses completed the questionnaires.
Results: Most of nurses (86.6%) caring for COVID-19 patients experienced PTSD (79.5% at high level and 7.1% at moderate level). Results of multiple linear regression revealed that general health, job insecurity, social support, decision latitude and age, respectively, had a power to predict PTSD.
Conclusion: Results of the study confirmed that nurses experienced high levels of PTSD after fatal outbreak of Covid-19 disease. Since nurses are one of the main components of the health system and have a great impact on the quality of clinical care, stressful conditions associated with an increased likelihood of this disorder should be identified and coping skills such as decision latitude (Control) and social support should be strengthened to prevent the symptoms of this disorder in these people.
Keywords: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Mental Health, Decision Latitude, Social Support, COVID-1
Synthesis and evaluation cytotoxic activities of new tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate derivatives against MCF-7, HepG2 and AGS cell lines
No full textCancer is one of the important factors of death in world that results from abnormal cell division and growth, there is no exact reason for its occurrence, but genetic, environmental and internal factors are main reasons for increase the prevalence of this disease. There are many treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, etc. to treat cancer but these methods have many limitations and problems. Therefore, researchers and scientists are always looking for more effective compounds with more potoncy and selectivity against this disease. And one of the challenges for pharmacists and pharmaceutical researchers is research in this area.
Material and methods
In this project a number of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines derivatives were synthesized using the Biginelli reaction. After purification, structural identification was performed by H1-NMR, FT-IR and MS spectra methods. Then, cytotoxicity of compounds was evaluated against AGS, Hep-G2 and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines by MTT assay.
Results
According to the cellular results, the compound methyl 6-methyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thioxo 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (8) containing the hydroxyl group at the meta position of the phenyl ring in C4, thioxo group in C2 and methyl carboxylate group in C5 was the most potent compound among compounds against three cell lines (MCF-7 cell line with IC50 = 125.24 μM and AGS with IC50 = 136.84 μM and also Hep-G2 cell line with IC50 = 176.77 μM).
Discussion and conclusion
The investigation of structure activity relationship (SAR) shows that the presence of hydroxyl substitution in the meta position of the phenyl ring bonding at C4 position probably due the electron donating properties and the formation of hydrogen increased the activity and the presence of thioxo group in the C2 position probably increases the lipophilicity and had a better effect on compounds with this group
The effect of laughter therapy on anxiety of patients undergoing chemotherapy in Imam Khomeini therapeutic- training Center of Ardabil
No full textObjective: Anxiety is one of the most commonly reported related psychological consequences in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, which leads to many problems in the patient. The use of non-pharmacological approaches and relaxation techniques such as laughter therapy along with pharmacological methods can play an important role in controlling patients' anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of laughter therapy on anxiety in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Methods: This study is an semi experimental study that was performed from the beginning of October 2020 for 3 months on 60 patients with gastrointestinal cancers undergoing chemotherapy in two groups of intervention and control (30 sample in each group). Minimazation method (based on age, sex and severity of the disease) was used to allocate samples in the two groups. For 3 consecutive days and every day for 30 minutes, a comedy film and a humorous clip were shown to the intervention group. In the control group, the samples received routine care during this period. Spielberg Anxiety Questionnaire was completed 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after the laughter therapy intervention in both control and intervention groups. Data were analyzed using the Spss software.
Results: Mean and standard deviation of anxiety score in laughter therapy group reached 44.43 ± 11.66 on the first day before the intervention to 36.33 ± 7.94 on the third day after the intervention. And in the control group on the first day from 44.90 ± 8.75 to 38.93 ± 7.46 on the third day (P = 0.001). Although the decrease in anxiety score on the first day compared to the third day was obvious in the intervention group, but was not statistically significant and in comparison with the two groups, the reduction in anxiety was more in the intervention group.
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the severity of anxiety in patients in the control and intervention groups decreased over time, but this decrease was not significant between the two groups but was able to reduce the severity of anxiety in the study units. Due to the non-invasive nature of laughter therapy to reduce patients' anxiety and lack of side effects, it is recommended to use chemotherapy to reduce the anxiety of patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Assessment of the mandibular canal position in the mandibular body using cone beam computed tomography in ardabil city
No full textIntroduction: The most important cause of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve is the proximity of the mandibular canal to the root of the third molar. The aim of this study was to investigate the location of the mandibular canal in the mandible using CBCT images in Ardabil.
Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 CBCT images of patients referred to an oral and maxillofacial radiology center in Ardabil were evaluated to assess the location of the mandibular canal. If there was a history of surgery or any developmental and pathological lesions in the mandibular body, the images were excluded from the study. Measurements were made on cross-sectional sections at 1 mm intervals, starting 5 mm behind the mental foramen to the anterior border of the ramus. In each section, 4 distances including BN, LN, IN and CN were measured. Samples were examined in two age groups (<50 years and 50 years) as well as by gender and direction (right and left). Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software using Test-T.
Results: The frequency of women in the images was 59.33% with a mean age of 40.56±28 11.28 years and the frequency of men was 67.7% with a mean age of 46.53±12 12.64 years. The mean intervals of CN and LN in women (11.06 and 2.62, respectively) are significantly higher than men (10.65 and 2.36, respectively). The mean distances of BN and IN in men (4.55, 5.96, respectively) are significantly higher than women (4.25 and 5.59, respectively). Also in CN, BN and IN variables, the mean distances in people under 50 years were significantly higher than people over 50 years.
Conclusion: Gender and age are factors affecting the position of the mandibular canal in the mandibular bod
Improving the in-vivo biological activity of fingolimod loaded PHBV nanoparticles by using hydrophobically modified alginate
No full textUncontrolled distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) within the body can significantly decrease the efficiency of drug therapy and is considered among the main restrictions of NPs application. The aim of this study was to develop a depot combination delivery system (CDS) containing fingolimod loaded poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) NPs dispersed into a matrix of oleic acid-grafted-aminated alginate (OA-g-AAlg) to minimize the nonspecific biodistribution (BD) of PHBV NPs. OA-g-AAlg was synthesized in two step; First, Alg was aminated by using adipic dihydrazide (ADH). The degree of hyrazide group substitution of Alg was determined by trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) assay. Second, OA was attached to AAlg through formation of an amide bond. Chemical structure of OA-g-AAlg was confirmed with FTIR and HNMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, rheological properties of OA-g-AAlg with different grafting ratios were evaluated. In-vitro release studies indicated that 47% of fingolimod was released from the CDS within 28 days. Blood and tissue samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry following subcutaneous (SC) injection of fingolimod-CDS into Wistar rats. The elimination phase half-life of CDS-fingolimod was significantly higher than that of fingolimod (∼32 d vs. ∼20 h). To investigate the therapeutic efficacy, lymphocyte count was assessed over a 40 day period in Wistar rats. Peripheral blood lymphocyte count decreased from baseline by 27 ± 8% in 2 days after injection. Overall, the designed CDS represented promising results in improving the pharmacokinetic properties of fingolimod. Therefore, we believe that this sustained release formulation has a great potential to be applied to delivery of various therapeutics