Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Review forms of violence against children in referred to Ardabil forensic department center during 2011 to 2016
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Violence against children, in addition to affecting the physical and mental health of children, increases the likelihood of children suicide in the future and will cause problems in their academic, professional and family successes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the types of violence against referring children to the forensic medicine of Ardabil city.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Information was obtained by studying cases of violence against children in the legal medicine center of Ardabil city. Information such as age and sex of the child and the level of education and occupation of the parents were extracted and recorded in the information form. Finally, statistical and descriptive methods (mean and standard deviation) and statistics were used to perform statistical calculations and analysis of data. Inferential (Chi-square) was used with SPSS software.
Results: According to the results of the study, 52.3 children referring to legal medicine were female and 47.7% were male. Also, the percentage of urbanization was 67.7 and the percentage of rural population was 32.3. Also, in terms of distribution of income, 26.1 percent of the income is less than one million tomans, 21.5 percent of the income between 1 to 1.999 million tomans, 18.5 percent of the income between 2 to 2.999 million tomans, 15.4 percent of the income between 3 to 3.999 million dollars, 10.8 percent of the income between the 4 Up to 6 million tomans, 7.7% had more than 6 million USD. Also, according to the type of violence, verbal violence was 78.5%, psychological violence 49.2% and physical violence 72.3%.
Conclusion: Considering the destructive effects of violence against children, investigating and identifying the severity and type of violence and its predictive factors can be used to prevent the occurrence of violence
The Association Between Dental Anomalies and Hypodontia Among 9-20 Years Old Individuals in Ardabil City, Iran: A Causal-Comparative Study
Get PDFIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the prevalence of dental anomalies and tooth agenesis.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, the panoramic radiographs of 101 cases with tooth agenesis (except for the third molar) were studied and compared with those of a non-agenesis control group of 182 subjects. The subjects were within the age range of 9-20 years. The prevalence of dental anomalies in the agenesis group was compared with that in the non-agenesis group.
Results: The subjects with hypodontia showed a significantly lower prevalence of dental anomalies. In the group with tooth agenesis, the prevalence of another dental anomaly was lower (P=0.026) with the OR of 1.78. However, there was a higher rate of dental anomalies in the control group. The highest frequencies were observed for the agenesis of mandibular second premolar, then maxillary second premolar, and finally maxillary lateral incisors in this order.
Conclusion: The prevalence of dental anomalies in the agenesis group was relatively low and evenly distributed among genders and jaws. The most commonly affected teeth were the mandibular second premolar, then maxillary second premolar, and lastly maxillary lateral incisors in this orde
THE EFFECT OF ESTRADIOL AGAINST TRIBUTYLTIN TOXICITY IN RAT PANCREATIC ISLETS
Get PDFIntroduction: Discovering of estrogen receptors in the pancreatic beta cells supported the hypothesis of protective effects of female sex steroids on pancreatic beta cells due to lower prevalence of diabetes in females. Studies show that estradiol can increase viability of beta cells, enhance insulin secretion and prevent apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.
Some metals particularly tin and cadmium have been reported to interfer with estrogen receptors and exert toxic effects through disrupting related endocrine pathways. Tributyltin is known as an endocrine disruptor which is used as a biocide against a broad range of microorganisms. Some sporadic studies indicated that tributyltin induces beta cell apoptosis and disturbs glucose homeostasis. This study was designed to assess the effects of tributyltin and estradiol on rat pancreatic islets.
Methods: Pancreatic islets of male rat were isolated, grouped (10 islets in each group) and cultured in RPMI 1640 for 24 hours at 37° C. After calculating EC50 of tributyltin and estradiol by using MTT assay, islets were treated with estradiol and tributyltin for 24 hours. Then viability and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Insulin secretion and apoptosis were measured.
Results: Tributyltin decreased cellular viability of islets along with an increase in the ROS formation, while estradiol increased viability (p value < 0.05) and decreased ROS (p value < 0.05) when added to both control group and tributyltin treated group. Tributyltin also increased insulin secretion (p value < 0.05) and induced apoptosis, while estradiol caused a decrease in insulin secretion and apoptosis induction.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that estradiol can protect beta cells of the pancreas by increasing viability and decreasing ROS formation and apoptosis against tributyltin toxicity. It can be concluded that function of estrogen receptors in the pancreas particularly beta-cells might be an important target of pharmacological and toxicological modifications in order to discover new aspects of pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies for diabetes
A Review of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Learning and Memory: the Role of Sex Hormones
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Studies have indicated that sleep is essential for the development and survival of the brain and increases the brain's capacity for cognitive functions, and sleep loss disrupts cognitive performance. The present review study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on learning and memory with an emphasis on the role of sex hormones.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate this topic, the articles were searched for in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus Database, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The words used while searching were “sleep deprivation, sleep, learning and memory, sex hormones, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive functions” that finally, ninety one references on these topics were reviewed.
Results: Researches have shown that sleep deprivation can disrupt learning and memory long-term potentiation (LTP), gene expression, and the rate of proteins in the hippocampus that are important in learning, memory and synaptic plasticity. Studies have shown that cognitive performances such as memory and learning and also different aspects of sleep, including quality and pattern, are different in sexes. A Change in sleep pattern is often associated with hormonal factors, especially sex hormones.
Conclusion: Therefore, sex hormones affect the structure of the brain, behavior, learning, and memory in both sexes. The loss of hormonal function is associated with sleep disorders, and reduces learning and memory, especially in female subjects. It can be concluded that ovarian hormones might play a protective role against the deterioration in learning and memory in women with sleep los
Prediction of Critical Thinking Based on Autonomous Learning and Epistemological Beliefs in Dentistry Students
Get PDFIntroduction: Critical thinking is a set of mental attitudes and habits that promote the ability to research, problem solving, self-management, decision-making and lifelong learning in students.The purpose of this study was to predict the tendency toward critical thinking and self-learning based on epistemological beliefs in dentistry students. The research method was cross sectional descriptive. The statistical population of the study was all enrolled dentistry students of University of Medical Sciences (221 people) in the academic year 2018-2017
Methods: Among them, 150 students (62 boys and 88 girls) were selected by random sampling method. In order to collect data, the Schumer's Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (1998), Pintrich and De Groot Learning Strategies Questionnaire (1990) and Badri's Critical Thinking Scale (2007) were used.
Results: To analyze data, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between epistemological beliefs and the tendency to critical thinking and between self-learning and its components with critical thinking. Also, regression analysis showed that the epistemological beliefs predict 41% and self-learning predicts 45% of critical thinking.
Conclusion: Learning autonomy and epistemological beliefs can be considered as influential factors on the students' critical thinkin
Metallo-beta-Lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFMetallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered to be a serious threat to human health worldwide. Limited information is available concerning the prevalence of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa in Iran. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa in different parts of Iran. We searched major electronic databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as two Iranian search engines using appropriate keywords. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, related papers were recruited for the study. The prevalence of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa in Iranian population was about 32.4 percent. Our findings also revealed that the highest prevalence of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa was in Isfahan with 60% (95% CI: 0.27-0.86). In addition, in Iranian population the most reported MBL gene was blaVIM and blaIMP, with frequencies of 19% (95% CI: 0.15-0.23) and 11% (95% CI: 0.08-0.14), respectively. Based on our findings, in the majority of Iranian hospitals, the prevalence of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa is alarmingly high necessitating the need for designing appropriate infection control programs
Frequency of childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders in patients referred to the psychiatric clinic of Fatemi Hospital in 2018
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Mental health is one of the important topics in the psychology and psychiatry that each year has a large volume of research, and its effective factors have always been of interest to psychologists. Since health and disease in children are affected by health and disease in tomorrow's society and future generations, mental health and studying how children and adolescents adapt to their growth and fertility at adulthood and the lack of attention to childhood developmental conditions, injuries Irrespective of the mental health of the community.
Methods: In this study 206 (147 males and 59 females) patient under the age of 18 years were studied. The subjects first responded to CSI4 questions, and the final diagnosis was confirmed by the psychiatrist. Demographic questions, including age, sex, marital status of the parents, Economic status at the beginning of each questionnaire was investigated.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants in the study was 10.55 ± 4.33. Regarding the economic status of the participants, the highest frequency (189) (91.7%) was found for those with a moderate economic situation. Regarding the status of the parents' life, the highest frequency of 185 (93.4%) of the parents was for those with their parents living with each other. Regarding the status of diagnostic disorders for the participants in the study, the highest frequency of 103 (50%) patients was associated with the diagnosis of hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit disorder and the lowest frequency of 2 patients (1%) simultaneously related to people with bipolar disorder.
Conclusion: Regarding the high prevalence of hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit in children and adolescents, informing people about the high prevalence of this disorder and the need for specialized care seems to be importan
The influence of role-modeling on clinical empathy of medical interns: A qualitative study
Get PDFIntroduction: Clinical empathy ascertains the quality of doctor patient relationship and entails beneficial outcomes for both parties. Role-modeling is a major factor in promoting clinical empathy skills of medical students. The present study attempted to explain the importance of role-modeling in clinical empathy of medical interns. It was also intended to obtain a better and more profound understanding of the subject based on the experiences of medical interns.Methods: In this qualitative conventional content analysis, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 14 medical interns and 6 clinical professors. The participants were selected by purposive sampling. All interviews were recorded, transcribed,and analyzed. Trustworthiness, credibility, and confirmability of the data were confirmed.Results: Data analysis led to the emergence of a theme called role modeling,and two subcategories: “advertent role-modeling” and“inadvertent role-modeling”. Advertent role-modeling included“influenced by the charismatic personality of professors”, “critique of faculty members’ communicative behaviors with patients”, and“observation of the faculty members’ performance”. Inadvertent role-modeling included “crystallization of human values in communication behaviors” and “compliance with hierarchical behavior”.Conclusion: Role-modeling was the main theme of the present study. To improve clinical empathy skills, particular attention should be paid to role-modeling. Informing clinical professors and medical students on role-modeling, strengthening students’empathetic behaviors by role model professors, and recruitment of professors with strong communication skills are among there commended strategies of this stud
The Policy Analysis of Iran’s Health Transformation Plan in Therapeutic Services
Get PDFBackground: Health Transformation Plan (HTP) is the most important effort done in Iran to achieve Universal Health Coverage. This study aimed to conduct a policy analysis of HTP in therapeutic services in Iran.
Methods: To qualitative analysis of HTP, Walt and Gilson’s Policy triangle and Kingdon’s multiple streams were employed. Data was collected through key informant interviews with stakeholders as well as a review of relevant documents and was analyzed using framework analysis. MAXQDA software was used.
Results: Legal, political, socioeconomic, international factors, and health system problems were the main factors triggering HTP. Challenges of therapeutic services implementing the second phase of the subsidy program and change of the government opened the political window of opportunity. The main strengths in HTP policy making process were using evidence, aligning with upstream documents, analyzing the situation, attracting the views of senior political leaders, planning simultaneously in different areas of the health service delivery, and prioritizing the urgent problems. Using a “top-down” approach in planning, ignoring some stakeholders, and the lack of coordination between the two areas of health service delivery were identified as weaknesses. The main objective of the HTP interventions was increasing the financial risk protection.
Conclusions: Developing a master plan based on health priorities, the efficient way of resource use and constructive collaboration with relevant stakeholders is needed to make sustainable and purposeful change in next steps of HTP. The implementation of this plan undoubtedly will require sustained financing and on-time resource allocation
Prognostic value of peripheral blood eosinophil count on first day of infancy in the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Get PDFBackground: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in the neonatal period. Eosinophilia is common in preterm and term newborns, and it is considered when the absolute count of eosinophil is ≥500 cell/mm3. It is thought that there was some relationship between hyperbilirubinemia and increasing of blood eosinophil count in newborns hospitalized by jaundice. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of peripheral blood eosinophil count on first day of infancy in the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Methods: 150 newborns with gestational ages of 35-40 weeks, born in Ardabil city hospital, were engaged in this study. After obtaining the parents' consent, getting patients biography and their physical examination, we got a blood sample from umbilical cord of newborns to measure differential count of white blood cells. The neonates were observed up to 28 day followed. Then, second blood test conducted for the purpose of measuring serum level of bilirubin. Data were analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 19.
Results: Various group of age, sex, blood type and gestational age showed no significant difference in their eosinophil rate. Total serum bilirubin doesn't had a significant relationship with gestational age, sex, type of delivery and major or minor blood groups of neonates.
Conclusions: Results showed that there was no significant relationship between the amount of eosinophil in newborn umbilical cord and total serum bilirubin. So, we could say that newborns eosinophil count isn’t a good criteria for predicating the appearance of neonate hyperbilirubinemia