Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Assessment of microbial quality of household water output from desalination systems by the heterotrophic plate count method
Get PDFPoint-of-use household water desalination systems (HWDSs) are becoming popular in Iran because of the deterioration of drinking water. This study aimed to determine the microbial quality of output water from HWDSs in Qom, Iran by using the heterotrophic plate count (HPC) method. Samples of input and output water from 30 HWDSs were collected over a six-month period. Heterotrophic bacteria were tested using the pour plate technique. At the first sampling stage, the HPC level in 23% of samples exceeded the 500 CFU/ml threshold level. On average, for 50% of samples, the HPC level of input samples was 0–10 CFU/ml, for 42% it was 10–100 CFU/ml and for 8% it was 100–500 CFU/ml. For output samples, for 25%, the level of HPC was 0–10 CFU/ml, for 43% it was 10–100 CFU/ml, for 24% it was 100–500 CFU/ml and for 8% it exceeded 500 CFU/ml. For total coliforms the most probable number test was positive for the first and third stages of sampling (3% input samples). The comparison of the averages with national standard values shows that in some cases, the contamination of output water from HWDSs in the city of Qom has been above the standard values
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Advanced Heart Failure Among Heart Transplantation Candidates
Get PDFCardiopulmonary exercise test has been raised through recent decades as a brilliant prognostic tool in a wide field of diseases and clinical conditions which makes it valuable to be used in prognostic assessment during the current study among chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. This study recruited 71 patients with severe CHF who were candidates for heart transplantation. Bicycle-protocol Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test was done, and several parameters were measured and compared between four groups of patients based on their VO2/kg to show four grades of the disease from G1 to G4. Total 71 CHF subjects from 18 to 46 year of age enrolled in the study. Statistically significant correlations were determined between HRR, VE/VCO2, VE/VO2, BR and the severity of CHF. VO2max, HRR, VE/VO2, VE/VCO2, BR, and AT were the most prominent factors of CPET which showed their validity and reliability in terms of prognosis of CHF. It seems that combination of CPET and other cardiac prognostic tools like echocardiography and measurement of the pressure in cardiac chambers can improve the prognosis in CHF
The Role of Quality of Work Life and Organizational Commitment on Teachers' Job Burnout
Get PDFهدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه كيفيت زندگي كاري و تعهد سازماني با فرسودگي شغلي معلمان مقطع متوسطه شهرستان بروجن بود. اين پژوهش در چهارچوب پژوهش هاي توصيفی قرار دارد و از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه آماري اين پژوهش شامل کلیه معلمان مقطع متوسطه شهرستان بروجن بود که داری 5 سال سابقه خدمت به بالا بودند که تعداد 150 نفر می¬باشند که از میان آنها به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه¬ای و بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان 108 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. از پرسشنامه¬های کیفیت زندگی کاری والتون، پرسشنامه تعهد سازمانی مادي استيريز و پورتر و پرسشنامه فرسودگی شغلی ماسلش و جکسون جهت گردآوري اطلاعات استفاده شد. به منظور توصیف دادههای این پژوهش از شاخصهای آمار توصیفی (مانند ميانگين و واريانس) و نیز از شاخصهای آمار استنباطي مانند ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون استفاده شد. دادهها به کمک نرمافزار spss تحلیل شد. نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که بین كيفيت زندگي كاري با فرسودگي شغلي معلمان رابطه معناداری وجود دارد، بین تعهد سازماني با فرسودگي شغلي معلمان نیز رابطه معناداری برقرار است. همچنین بین كيفيت زندگي كاري با تعهد سازماني معلمان رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. از طرفی نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد که كيفيت زندگي كاري و تعهد سازماني مي توانند فرسودگي شغلي معلمان را پيش بيني كنند
The role of temperament and character dimensions in predicting state-trait anxiety in high school students
Get PDFStudies advocate the role of temperament factors in development and persistence of anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the role of temperament and character dimensions in predicting the state-trait anxiety in high school students. In this study, the statistical population consisted of all high school students (N=3416). One hundred and eighty students were selected randomly from this population by using multistage cluster sampling. They were asked to complete state-trait anxiety inventory, and cloninger's temperament and character inventory in the class in presence of the researcher. The findings of correlation analysis showed that anxiety was positively correlated with novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence, while it was negatively correlated with persistence, cooperativeness, and self-directedness. The results of regression analysis indicated that 60% of variance of anxiety was explained by temperament and character dimensions. Based on the results of this study, temperament and character dimensions can provide a kind of predisposition for anxiety and can be used to identify anxiety symptoms in early stages
The Therapeutic Effects of Sevelamer on Blood Sugar, HbA1c, Lipid Profile, and hs-CRP in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
Get PDFBackground: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of diabetes. Hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress as well as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are reported as the risk factors for DN. Sevelamer has shown promising results in reducing inflammation and even HbA1c levels in DN.
Objectives: We aim to evaluate the therapeutic effects of sevelamer on blood sugar, HbA1c level, lipid profile, and high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Patients and Methods: In this clinical trial, 18 patients (13 female with mean age of 61.22±9.32 years) with stages 2-4 of diabetic nephropathy were recruited. Patients were administered with 800 mg of sevelamer twice a day for three months. Blood sugar, HbA1C, hs-CRP, lipid profile and other laboratory findings were measured before and 1, 2 and three months after initiation of the treatment.
Results: There was significant decline in HbA1c (p=0.001), postprandial blood sugar (p=0.02) and phosphorus (p<0.001) at the end of the study period. Sevelamer had no effect on fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Na, K and hs-CRP.
Conclusion: Our results indicated that along with its phosphorus reducing effects, sevelamer plays an important role in decreasing postprandial blood sugar and HbA1c level. Sevelamer had no effects on lipid profile and hs-CRP
Effectiveness of Education on Life Style in Menopausal Women
Get PDFIntroduction: Period of menopause is known as a time of disorders or changes in such women’s bodies. However, these women don't know what these changes exactly are and how they can decrease this changes and disorders. This study mainly aimed at evaluating the effect of education on life style in menopausal women.
Materials & Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study accomplished on 75 menopausal women of 50-60 years old referred to Sabalan hospital in Ardabil (easren Iran). A questionnaire of two parts was used to gather the necessary data. At first, the researcher invited menopausal women, and filled out their questionnaires through hearing their answers, then divided them into 5 groups of 15 members, and finally completed the pretest. Afterwards, the researcher trained every group in 8 sessions of one hour and a half for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks from finishing of training sessions, the researcher performed the posttest using the same questionnaire by interviewing. At the end, the data were analyzed by SPSS software (12 version), T kandal, and Mc Namar tests. Range of P value was less than 0/05.
Findings: The results of this study showed that education is positively effective on the habits of nutrition, exercise, walking, and exposure to sun light, leisure time, and sleeping.
Discussion & Conclusions: Education affect women manner to improve life style in menopausal period and it can cause promotion of women’s health
The effect of Nutrition Education on the Improvement of Pregnancy Complications in the Third Trimester of Pregnant Women Referring to Health Centers in Ardabil in 1395
Get PDFBackground & objectives: One of the important stages in women's life is pregnancy, which causes a lot of physiological changes and it can cause to complications in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutrition education on the improvement of complications in the third trimester in mothers referring to Ardabil health centers.
Methods: This study was a intervention and was conducted on 330 pregnant women who referred to Ardabil health centers in 1395 in two groups of case (110) and control (220). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect of data which includes 22 questions about demographic variables such as age, mother's occupation, income, level of education and type of pregnancy, diabetes and knowledge and practice. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA by using of SPSS-16 software.
Results: There was a significant difference between the use of multivitamin and iron in the case and control groups. However, there was no significant relationship between education and occupation between the two groups. Also, before the intervention, the knowledge and practice of the test and control group were low, but after intervention, the knowledge and practice of the test group increased significantly. But, the increase in control group's score in terms of performance was not significant.
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of nutrition education in improving pregnancy complications it should be used from all media to education of pregnant women's
Green synthesis of nano-zero-valent iron from Nettle and Thyme leaf extracts and their application for the removal of cephalexin antibiotic from aqueous solutions
No full textIn this study, the removal of cephalexin (CEX) antibiotic from aqueous solution was examined using a novel green adsorbent without employing any toxic chemicals or capping agents. Nettle and Thyme extracts were used to synthesize novel nano-zero-valent iron (NNZVI and TNZVI) for the adsorption of CEX. The nature and morphology of synthesized adsorbent were characterized by Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy. Batch experiments were performed to study the influence of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial concentration of the CEX, solution pH and adsorbent dosage. The adsorption isotherms of CEX by NNZVI and TNZVI were found to fit well with Freundlich and Langmuir models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of CEX onto NNZVI and TNZVI were observed as 1667 and 1428 mg/g, respectively, based on the Langmuir model. The adsorption trend followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model and equilibrium could be established in about two hours for both adsorbents. The developed nanoparticles in this study have considerable potential for the removal of CEX and could be considered as a promising adsorbent for the removal of other antibiotics also from aqueous solutions
BTEX in indoor air of beauty salons: Risk assessment, levels and factors influencing their concentrations
No full textConcentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) were investigated in indoor air quality of 50 beauty salons in Ardabil, Iran (2017). Ten liters of air samples were collected from each salons regarding the recommended method and analyzed by GC-FID for BTEX concentration. Also, structural and operational conditions of the salons were studied with a self-designed questioner. The results of this study show that the mean concentration of benzene (32.40 ± 26.38) higher than the recommended levels by Health Canada, ANSES and HKSAR. Among the BTEX, ethylbenzene (62.38 ± 32.37) has the most concentrations in the salons. Subsequently, the cancer risk values in different age groups of birth to <6, 6 to <21, and 21 to <81 for benzene (1.83 × 10−3, 2.76 × 10−4 and 1.50 × 10−4, respectively) and ethylbenzene (4.9 × 10−4, 7.30 × 10−5 and 3.52 × 10−5, respectively) for long time exposure were drastically higher than the recommended levels. The results showed that the benzene concentration is significantly influenced by the structural and operational conditions of type of ventilation system, area of the salons, the number of people in the salon, number of services in the salons, and while doing of bridal makeup
Nonbiological Predictors of Sexual Desire in Women with Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder
Get PDFBackground: Female sexual interest and arousal disorder (FSIAD) is one of the most prevalent sexual problems
among women, and is a multifactorial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to examine nonbiological
predictors of sexual desire in women with female sexual interest and arousal disorder.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 reproductive-age married women with female sexual
interest and arousal disorder referred to health centers of Ardabil City, Iran, in 2017. Data collection instrument
was demographic form and checklist of disease, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and researcher-made
questionnaire of nonbiological affecting factors of sexual desire. Data analysis was done using descriptive
statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression tests in SPSS software.
Findings: According to the prioritization, domains of spouse's sexual interaction (3.82 ± 1.10), privacy
(3.24 ± 1.20), and economic factors (3.14 ± 1.3) ranked first to third, respectively. Linear regression analysis for
predicting the factors affecting on sexual desire showed that the marital relationship and economic factors
significantly predicted female sexual interest and arousal disorder (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Given the predictability of marital communication, training marital and sexual communication
skills is suggested for improving couples' interactions, and preventing sexual reluctance. Moreover, training life
skills enables managing and modifying the effects of other predictors, including economic factors