Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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The effect of bevacizumab on mitochondrial complexes in isolated mitochondria from rat heart
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Drug-induced cardiotoxicity usually manifests as heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Left ventricular dysfunction is a rarely reported side effect of bevacizumab (BEV) with an incidence of 1.2%, and this occurs irrespective of the route of administration. As we know there are many various ways for a drug to affecting body and make changes, finding out these ways will help prevent side effects of them or empowering their beneficial effects. Based on continuous working of the heart, one of main and necessary organelles in this organ is mitochondria because supply hearts ceaseless demands of energy.In this study, we focused on an analysis of bevacizumab effects on mitochondrial complexes activities. Rat heart mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation from wistar rats. Using biochemical and spectrophotometry assays we evaluated mitochondrial complexes activity, succinate dehydrogenases, mitochondrial swelling in isolated mitochondria. We observed only decreased activity of complexes II after exposure with bevacizumab (50 and 100 μg/ml). Together, for the first time, this preliminary study has demonstrated a significant decrease in activity of complexes II after exposure with bevacizumab.
MATERIAL & METHODS : Male wistar rats weighting 200-300g were purchased.Buffers and other needed material was prepared . Rats were anesthetized and the heart was surgically extracted. The isolated heart was chopped and destroyed with a glass homogenizer in a 10-fold volume of the medium containing isolation buffer. The homogenate was centrifuged at 1000× g for 10 min, and the pellet was removed. The mitochondria contained in the supernatant were sedimented at 10000× g for 10 min. The protein content in mitochondria was determined using the Bradford assay. Protein concentration in the suspension was 1 mg/mL. The enzymatic activities of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes I, II, III, IV, I + III, II + III and citrate synthase were measured in isolated rat heart. For all assays, enzymatic activity was measured in the presence of 50 and 100 μg/ml bevacizumab. Experiments were performed at least three times for each treatment
RESULT: OXPHOS enzymatic activity in isolated mitochondria obtained from rat heart was measured.Complex II activity was significantly reduced by bevacizumab at 50 and 100 μg/ml compared with control group. Activities of complex I, complex III and complex IV were not affected by bevacizumab . Also complexes I/ III and II/ III activity were not significantly reduced to control activity by bevacizumab . In summary, these results confirm that complex II is the principal OXPHOS target for bevacizumab in rat heart mitochondria
Effect of Brewing Time on the Level of Fluoride Released from Black and Green Tea
Get PDFBackground & objectives: Tea is a hyperaccumulator of fluoride and chronic fluoride intake is associated with multiple negative health outcomes. In this study, six brands of commercially available black and green tea were selected and the fluoride level in tea infusions tested using an ion-selective electrode method.
Methods: In this experimental study, the fluoride contents were determined using ion-selective electrode (Mettler Toledo, USA) in four types of black tea and two types of green tea at different brewing time (3,5,15,30,60 and 120 min). The amount of tea fluoride at any time was investigated by repeated measure ANOVA and two-way ANOVA.
Results: Repeated measure ANOVA analysis showed that fluoride release for green and black tea increased as increased brewing time (p<0.05). Based on the two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test results, the mean of fluoride concentrations was high in B black tea in all brewing time. E green tea, D black tea, F green tea, A and C black tea released less fluoride respectively p≤0.05.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the fluoride content of black and green tea in different companies was different. In regard to the impact of the cultivation site and the plant characteristics which the tea is made, companies should include enough information about their product to inform consumers. The amount of fluoride in the all examined tea increases after 3 and 120 min of brewing
NMDA receptor in the hippocampus alters neurobehavioral phenotypes through inflammatory cytokines in rats with sporadic Alzheimer-like disease
No full textMany patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffer from memory impairment, anxiety- and depression. The systemic utility of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists has been shown to be potential therapeutic target for memory loss in AD. However, there is no evidence that shows whether NMDA receptor antagonists have the same effects when these blockers are directly used within the brain regions including hippocampus. It might be an urgent to further explore the therapeutic role of NMDA receptor antagonists in behavioral abnormalities such as anxiety and depression in AD. The aim of this study was to determine whether blockade of the hippocampal NMDA receptors could attenuate neurobehavioral abnormalities in rats with sporadic AD. Twelve days after AD induction by streptozotocin (STZ), animals received either vehicle or MK-801 (NMDA receptor antagonist) in the hippocampus for 10 days. Two or five days after the last MK-801 treatment, spatial memory, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-(IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) were evaluated. Our findings indicated that STZ treatment significantly elevated hippocampal inflammation, impaired spatial memory, and increased anxiety- and depression-related symptoms in rats. Interestingly, the hippocampal NMDA receptor blockade improved these neurobehavioral phenotypes and decreased inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of STZ-treated rats. Hippocampal NMDA receptors might be involved in neurobehavioral abnormalities via inflammation in sporadic AD
Effects of ‘rescuer’ rotating time on the quality of chest compressions: 1-minute vs. 2-minute intervals
Get PDFIntroduction
Fatigue can influence the quality of continuous chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCC-CPR). This study was conducted to compare the effect of ‘rescuer’ rotating time on the quality of chest compressions at 1-minute and 2-minute intervals.
Methods
The present semi-experimental study was conducted on 70 non-professional ‘rescuers’ as 35 two-person teams using a crossover design. All teams performed eight 2-minute cycles of CCC-CPR with a rotation of 1 minute and 2 minutes. Quality metrics of the chest compression rate, appropriate depth of compression, and total rate of compressions at the end of eight 2-minute cycles were used to assess the quality of the chest compressions.
Results
The study results showed that the number of chest compressions with an adequate depth performed by the non-professional rescuers in the 1- and 2-minute scenarios wererespectively 118.18 and 100.87. There was no significant difference in the number of chest compressions between the two scenarios at the end of the CCC-CPR, but the number of compressions with sufficient depth in the 1-minute scenario was better than that in the 2-minute scenario.
Conclusion
The study showed that although the rate of chest compression had a downward trend in the 1-minute scenario, rescuers maintained 100 to 120 chest compressions after 16 minutes. This means that non-professional rescuers replacement after 1 minute can increase chest compression with sufficient dept
The Effect of Perceived Value on the Destination Image, Satisfaction and Loyalty of Medical Tourists: A Case Study in Ardabil
Get PDFBackground & objectives: Perceived value is an essential element of competitive strategy and research. It has shown that there is a significant positive relationship between quality, value, satisfaction, and behavioral tendencies including customer loyalty, price, intention to repurchase, and word of mouth. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the perceived value on destination image, satisfaction, and loyalty of medical tourists.
Methods: This applied research is a descriptive and correlational study. Convinient sampling method was employed to recruit the participants. For data collection, Wong's perceived value questionnaire (Wong, 2012), Wong's standardized destination image questionnaire (Wong, 2012), a standardized tourist satisfaction questionnaire (Elahi & Heydari, 2008), and a researcher-made loyalty questionnaire (Ghasemi, 2015) were used.
Results: The results showed that the perceived service quality and perceived medical quality, enjoyment, costs and risk affect the perceived value of medical tourists. The perceived value has impact on the destination image of medical tourists. The destination image also influences the satisfaction and loyalty of medical tourists. Finally, satisfaction could lead to the loyalty of medical tourists.
Conclusion: According to the results, investment in improving the quality of tourism services, as well as reducing the potential risks of tourism activities and increasing the efforts to reduce direct and indirect costs for medical tourists can improve their perceived value. It is also possible to provide standard services and build appropriate infrastructure for medical tourists in order to create a positive image, which will result in satisfaction and, ultimately, the loyalty of tourists could lead to the future visit and word of mouth by them
Epidemiological Study of Animal Bites and Rabies in Bandar Astara City in 2017
Get PDFIntroduction: Rabies is a viral disease that virus is removing from body during an animal’s bite and can cause death. The aim of this study was to determine of the epidemiologic cases of animal bite and rabies in Northern of Iran. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 150 cases in Bandar Astara city in 2017. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist. For analyze the data we used SPSS 22. Results: In this study, 78% of cases were males and 22% of females. The mean age was 34.25 ± 19.41. Most cases of animal bites occurred at age 50 and older. 49.3% of cases were in the urban and 50.7% in the rural area. Most of animal bites happened by the dog. 97.3% of animals were domesticated. The majority bites were happened in leg 83(55.3%). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that animal bite is still one of the public health problems in the Astara city. Therefore, the necessary measures to prevent and minimize animal bites are necessary
Comparing the Intraoperative Frozen Section With Permanent Pathology in Assessing the Depth of Myometrial Invasion, Tumor Size, and Histological Subtype and Grade in Endometrial Cancer
Get PDFObjectives: Endometrial cancer is one of the most important and prevalent malignancies among women and its treatment and prognosis depends on the severity and spread of the disease in the body. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the frozen section (FS) as a reliable method for intraoperative decision-making in patients with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted during September 2016- February 2017 on 50 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, detected by the diagnostic curettage which was the total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH + BSO) surgery candidate in the oncology ward of Al-Zahra hospital of Tabriz. Tissue samples of TAH + BSO patients sent for FS pathology were evaluated in terms of histological subtype criteria including endometrioid, serous, clear cell, undifferentiated, tumor grade 1, 2, and 3, tumor size in cm smaller or bigger than 2 cm, and myometrial invasion (MI) rate higher or lower than 50 %. FS results were compared to the final results of the paraffin section (PS) pathology.
Results: The concordance rate between PS and FS regarding the risk factors of endometrioid (k: 0 .492, P < 0.001), myometrium invasion (k: 0.729, P < 0.001), tumor size (k: 0.800, P < 0.001), tumor grade (k: 0.641, P < 0.001), undifferentiated (k: 0.545, P < 0.001), adenosquamous (k: 0.390, P < 0.005), papillary serous (k: 0.658, P < 0.001), and clear cell (k: 0.479, P < 0.001) was 49, 73, 80, 64, 54, 39, and 65 %, respectively.
Conclusions: Based on the results, if FS is accurately and precisely implemented, an appropriate decision can be taken for low-risk patients. This method can successfully be adopted by the gynecologic oncologists
Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
No full textBackground
Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.
Methods
We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.
Findings
Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).
Interpretation
Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies
Boric acid as an efficient and green catalyst for the synthesis of 2-amino-4,6-diarylnicotinonitrile under microwave irradiation in solvent-free conditions
Get PDFAbstract: Microwave irradiation has been used to improve the one-pot synthesis of substituted 2-amino-4,6-diarylnicoti- nonitrile in the presence of boric acid as an efficient and green catalyst under solvent-free conditions within 48--60 s. All the analogs that have not been reported previously were characterized by their melting points, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra. One of the structures was verified by the analysis of a single crystal. The reported synthetic procedure provided remarkable advantages such as short reaction times, excellent yield, facile workup, and the use of a green catalyst
Hospital nurses’ perception of evidence-based practice: A descriptive-analytical study
Get PDFBackground & Aim: Evidence-based practice refers to the use of the best research evidence, personal knowledge and clinical expertise, and patients’ values and preferences for the provision of healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate hospital nurses’ perception of evidence-based practice.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2015 on 374 nurses randomly recruited from five teaching hospitals in Ardabil and Khalkhal, Iran. Data were collected using the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire and analyzed through the SPSS software (v. 13.0).
Results: The total mean scores of nurses’ perception of evidence-based practice and its practice, attitude, and knowledge/skills domains were 107.40±18.76, 4.66±1.34, 3.63±1.48, and 4.63±1.03, respectively. The mean scores of these domains had significant correlations with each other (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Nurses’ perception of evidence-based practice is at moderate level and hence, they have moderate readiness for evidence-based practice. Coherent policies, educational strategies, and environmental improvements are needed to improve nurses’ perception of evidence-based practice