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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Receiving the Flu Vaccine with Acute Cerebrovascular Accident and Its Hospitalization in the Elderly
No full textBackground and Aims. In recent years, various studies have been conducted worldwide to investigate the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with acute cerebrovascular accident or stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly; however, the results of these studies are contradictory. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly. Methods. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly during the years 1980 to 2021 which have been published in ISI Web of Science, Scopus PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Embase. All analyses were performed by Stata 15, and the significance level in this study was considere
Are Herbal-peptides Effective as Adjunctive Therapy in Coronavirus Disease COVID-19?
No full textBackground: Plant antiviral peptides (AVP) are macromolecules that can inhibit the pathogenesis of viruses by affecting their pathogenic mechanism, but most of these peptides can bind to cell membranes, inhibit viral receptors, and prevent viruses. Recently, due to the coronavirus pandemic, the availability of appropriate drugs with low side effects is needed. In this article, the importance of plant peptides in viral inhibition, especially viral inhibition of the coronavirus family, will be discussed. Methods: By searching the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the latest articles on plant peptides effective on the COVID-19 virus were collected and reviewed. Results: Some proteins can act against the COVID-19 virus by blocking sensitive receptors in COVID-19, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The 23bp sequence of the ACE2 alpha receptor chain can be considered as a target for therapeutic peptides. Protease and RNAP inhibitors and other important receptors that are active against COVID-19 should also be considered. Conclusion: Herbal medicines with AVP, especially those with a long history of antiviral effects, might be a good choice in complement therapy against the COVID-19 virus
Global prevalence and associated factors of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality among firefighters: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textLack of sleep can affect the health and performance of firefighters. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the global prevalence of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality among firefighters and reported associated factors. Four academic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) were systematically searched from January 1, 2000 to January 24, 2022. These databases were selected as they are known to index studies in this field. The search algorithm included two groups of keywords and all possible combinations of these words. The first group included keywords related to sleep and the second group keywords related to the firefighting profession. The relevant Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to evaluate study quality. Data from eligible studies were included in a meta-analysis. In total, 47 articles informed this review. The pooled prevalence of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality in firefighters were determined as 30.49% (95% CI [25.90, 35.06]) and 51.43% (95% CI [42.76, 60.10]), respectively. The results of a subgroup analysis showed that individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) had a higher prevalence of sleep disorders than those in high-income countries (HICs) but HICs had a higher prevalence of poor sleep quality than LMICs. Various factors, including shift work, mental health, injuries and pain, and body mass index were associated with sleep health. The findings of this review highlight the need for sleep health promotion programs in firefighters
The Use of Cluster Analysis by Partitioning around Medoids (PAM) to Examine the Heterogeneity of Patients with Low Back Pain within Subgroups of The Treatment Based Classification System
No full textBackground: Current evidence in low back pain (LBP) focuses on population av-erages and traditional multivariate analyses to find the significant difference between variables. Such a focus actively obscured the heterogeneity and increased errors. Cluster analysis (CA) addresses the mentioned shortcomings by calculating the degree of similarity among the relevant variables of the different objects. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the agreement between the treatment-based classification (TBC) system and the equivalent 3 cluster typology created by partitioning around medoids (PAM) analysis. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a convenient sample of 90 patients with low back pain (50 males and 40 females) aged 20 to 65 years was included in the study. The patients were selected based on the 21 criteria of 2007 TBC system. An equivalent 3 cluster typology (C3) was applied using PAM method. Co-hen’s Kappa was run to determine if there was agreement between the TBC system and the equivalent C3 typology. Results: PAM analysis revealed the evidence of clustering for a C3 cluster ty-pology with average Silhouette widths of 0.12. Cohen’s Kappa revealed fair agreement between the TBC system and C3 cluster typology (Percent of agreement 61%, Kappa=0.36, P<0.001). Selected criteria by PAM analysis were different with original TBC system. Conclusion: Higher probability of chance agreement was observed between two classification methods. Significant inhomogeneity was observed in subgroups of the 2007 TBC system
Exosomal lncRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer
No full textGastrointestinal cancer (GIC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, these cancers are diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages due to lack of reliable biomarkers that are sufficiently specific and sensitive in early disease. There has been growing evidence that circulating exosomes can be used to diagnose cancer non-invasively with limited risks and side effects. Furthermore, exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a new class of promising biomarkers in cancer. This review provides an overview of the extraction and detection of exosomal lncRNAs with a focus on their potential role in GI
Preventive Effects of Pimpinella anisum L. and Dracocephalum moldavica L. Hydroalcoholic Extract Against Acute Contrast-induced Nephropathy
No full textBackground: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is nephrotoxicity due to contrast media characterized by elevated serum creatinine levels. The formation of oxygen free radicals is one of the causes of CIN. Objective: Given the antioxidant properties of Pimpinella anisum L and Dracocephalum moldavica L, this study aimed to investigate the effects of their hydroalcoholic extracts on kidney tissue histopathology and CIN biochemical factors. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control, 2) contrast agent, 3) P. anisum + contrast agent, and 4) D. moldavica + contrast agent. After the tests, kidney tissue histopathological damages and related biochemical factors were evaluated. Results: Kidney tissue damage, levels of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT/AST), alanine aminotransferase (GPT/ALT) and blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine (P<0.001), and malondialdehyde (P<0.01) of kidney tissue were lower in both extract-treated groups than in the contrast agent group, but the decrease in serum MDA was significant only in the group given P. anisum extract (P<0.01). Serum antioxidant capacity was higher in P. anisum + contrast agent group than in the contrast agent group (P<0.01). Kidney tissue antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the groups given P. anisum and D. moldavica than in the contrast agent group (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). In addition, hydroalcoholic extracts of P. anisum and D. moldavica resulted in a decrease in CIN. Conclusion: Given the decrease in CIN by P. anisum and D. moldavica extracts in rats, it seems that these plants are beneficial for people at risk who need to use contrast agents
Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground: Anaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories. Methods: We estimated population-level distributions of haemoglobin concentration by age and sex for each location from 1990 to 2021. We then calculated anaemia burden by severity and associated years lived with disability (YLDs). With data on prevalence of the causes of anaemia and associated cause-specific shifts in haemoglobin concentrations, we modelled the proportion of anaemia attributed to 37 underlying causes for all locations, years, and demographics in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Findings: In 2021, the global prevalence of anaemia across all ages was 24·3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 23·9–24·7), corresponding to 1·92 billion (1·89–1·95) prevalent cases, compared with a prevalence of 28·2% (27·8–28·5) and 1·50 billion (1·48–1·52) prevalent cases in 1990. Large variations were observed in anaemia burden by age, sex, and geography, with children younger than 5 years, women, and countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia being particularly affected. Anaemia caused 52·0 million (35·1–75·1) YLDs in 2021, and the YLD rate due to anaemia declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index. The most common causes of anaemia YLDs in 2021 were dietary iron deficiency (cause-specific anaemia YLD rate per 100 000 population: 422·4 [95% UI 286·1–612·9]), haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias (89·0 [58·2–123·7]), and other neglected tropical diseases (36·3 [24·4–52·8]), collectively accounting for 84·7% (84·1–85·2) of anaemia YLDs. Interpretation: Anaemia remains a substantial global health challenge, with persistent disparities according to age, sex, and geography. Estimates of cause-specific anaemia burden can be used to design locally relevant health interventions aimed at improving anaemia management and prevention. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. Interpretation: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundatio
The Effect of 12-week Pilates on quality of life and sleep in pregnant women
No full textIntroduction: Pregnancy, as one of the most important periods in a woman's life, has many effects on the physical, psychological and functional condition of women. These changes can affect the quality of life and sleep in pregnant women. Exercising during pregnancy can have positive effects on pregnant women. Therefore, the present study was performed with aim to examine the effect of Pilates exercise on the quality of life and sleep in pregnant women. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was performed in 2020 on 60 pregnant women who referred to health centers in Shahrekord. The participants were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The pregnant women in the intervention group were required to participate in two Pilates sessions per week for 12 weeks from 20th weeks of pregnancy. At the end of the study (week 38), pregnant women completed the SF-36 quality of life and Petersburg sleep quality questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23) and t-test and Mann-Whitney test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, Pilates had a positive effect on the quality of sleep (P<0.08) and life of pregnant women (P<001). Conclusion: Considering the positive effects of Pilates exercises on the quality of life and sleep and the lack of negative effects reported in this study, Pilates during pregnancy can be suggested to pregnant women
Design and Development of A web-based Chronic Pain Registry System
No full textIntroduction: Chronic pain is a significant clinical problem in the world. There is not quite effective treatment for chronic pain due to its complex nature. However, timely retrieval of accurate and comprehensive information through organized clinical and epidemiological studies is an essential prerequisite for providing high-quality clinical care and more accurate health care planning. This can be achieved by the creation of an electronic registry system as a strong source of information. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a chronic pain registry for patients with chronic pain syndromes. Material and Methods: In this study, Onion architecture with the MVC design pattern was selected in design phase. Using onion architecture leads to more flexible and reusable codes and results in easier development and maintenance. In the development phase, MYSQL DBMS and the PHP programming language, which are suitable for developing the web-based system, were used. Results: The minimum data set was determined in the previous study. This dataset covered six areas: demographic information, initial pain assessment, medical history, mental health and well-being, diagnostic measures, and diagnosis and treatment plan. A web-based pain registry system was developed based on the minimum data set. Conclusion: There are many studies for development of web-based pain registries in the world but there is a few information about technical architecture and structure in design phase. In this study, we focused on the technical architecture design of system. Using onion architecture leads to more flexible and reusable codes and results in easier development and maintenance. In the current study, it was chosen to use MYSQL and the PHP programming language, which is suitable for developing the web-based system. Finally, a web-based registry system was developed to store and report on the information of patients suffering from chronic pain. It can manage and control chronic pain and facilitate future researc