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Evaluation of acceptance, attitude, and knowledge towards artificial intelligence and its application from the point of view of physicians and nurses: A provincial survey study in Iran: A cross‐sectional descriptive‐analytical study
No full textBackground and Aims: The prospect of using artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is bright and promising, and its use can have a significant impact on cost reduction and decrease the possibility of error and negligence among healthcare workers. This study aims to investigate the level of knowledge, attitude, and acceptance among Iranian physicians and nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in eight public university hospitals located in Tehran on 400 physicians and nurses. To conduct the study, convenient sampling was used with the help of researcher-made questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 21 The mean and standard deviation and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used. Results: In this study, the level of knowledge among the research subjects was average (14.66 ± 4.53), the level of their attitude toward AI was relatively favorable (47.81 ± 6.74), and their level of acceptance of AI was average (103.19 ± 13.70). Moreover, from the participant's perspective, AI in medicine is most widely used in increasing the accuracy of diagnostic tests (86.5%), identifying drug interactions (82.75%), and helping to analyze medical tests and imaging (80%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the variable of acceptance of AI and the participant's level of education (p = 0.028), participation in an AI training course (p = 0.022), and the hospital department where they worked (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, both the knowledge and the acceptance of the participants towards AI were proved to be at an average level and the attitude towards AI was relatively favorable, which is in contrast with the very rapid and inevitable expansion of AI. Although our participants were aware of the growing use of AI in medicine, they had a cautious attitude toward this
Is Viable Tumor Cell the Most Important Prognostic Factor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
No full textRelationship between cadmium exposure and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground and Objective: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Cadmium is one of the most persistent and toxic heavy metals, exposure to which may lead to an increased risk of breast cancer. This study aims to quantitatively summarize the available evidence for the relationship between cadmium exposure and the risk of breast cancer using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: In this research, observational studies that investigated the relationship between cadmium and breast cancer until May 2022 and were published in international databases were searched and retrieved. To determine the heterogeneity, the statistical tests Chi2 and I2 were used, to determine the presence of publication bias Egger's and Begg's tests were used, and to detect the root of the heterogeneity, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were used. Results: In this study, it was observed that compared to the base group, the relative risk of breast cancer in people exposed/exposed to a dose higher than the base level of cadmium is equal to 1.10 (95 CI: 1.06-1.14; p ≤ 0.001), therefore, a statistically significant relationship was observed between exposure to cadmium or exposure to levels exceeding the baseline and developing breast cancer. In investigating the possibility of publication bias, the result of Egger's test was equal to (p ≥ 0.001), and the result of Bagg's test was equal to (p = 0.099). Conclusion: According to the available evidence, exposure to cadmium leads to an increase in the risk of breast cancer, and this increase in risk is statistically significant
Studying the interaction between the new neodymium (Nd) complex with the ligand of 1,10-phenanthroline with FS-DNA and BSA
No full textTo learn more about the chemotherapeutic and pharmacokinetic properties of a neodymium complex containing 1,10-phenanthroline (dafone), In vitro binding was investigated with bovine serum albumin and fish-salmon DNA, using a variety of molecular modeling research and biophysical approaches. A variety of spectroscopic techniques including fluorescence and absorption were used to investigate the interplay between DNA/BSA and the neodymium complex. The findings revealed that the Nd complex had a high affinity for BSA and DNA interplays through van der Waals powers. In addition, the binding of the Nd complex to FS-DNA mainly in the groove binding mode clearly reflects with iodide quenching studies, ethidium bromide (EtBr) exclusion assay, ionic strength effect, and viscosity studies. It was observed that the Nd complex binds to FS-DNA through a minor groove with 3.81 × 105 (M−1). Also, Kb for BSA at 298 K was 5.19×105 (M−1), indicating a relatively high affinity of the Nd complex for DNA and BSA. In addition, a competitive study of a docking investigation revealed that the neodymium complex interacts at BSA site III. The results obtained from the binding calculations are well consistent with the experimental findings. Also, cytotoxicity studies of Nd complex were performed in MCF-7 and A-549 cell lines and the results show that this new complex has a selective inhibitory effect on the growth of various cancer cells
Combined ursolic acid and resistance/endurance training improve type 3 diabetes biomarkers-related memory deficits in hippocampus of aged male wistar rats
No full textBackground: Both aging and diabetes are two well-established risk factors related to type 3 diabetes and memory deficits. Accordingly, diabetes multiplies the effects of aging on cognition impairments once these conditions occur simultaneously.
Methods: In this present experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats with HFD/STZ-induced T2D were randomized into seven groups (n = eight animals per group): (1) sedentary old non-diabetic (C); (2) sedentary HFD/STZ-induced T2D (D); (3) sedentary HFD/STZ-induced T2D plus UA (UA) (DU); (4) endurance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D (DE); (5) resistance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D (DR); (6) endurance-trained HFD/STZ-induced T2D plus UA (DEU); and (7) resistance-trained STZ-diabetic plus UA (DRU) rats. Two-way ANOVA was applied to measure the training, supplementation, and interaction effect on serum and gene expression outcomes.
Result: The study results established no significant interaction effect between the UA supplementation and the resistance/endurance training with regard to the levels of glucose (P = 0.534), insulin (P = 0.327), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (P = 0.191), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (P = 0.448).
Conclusions: To develop novel practical nutritional strategies involving UA intake, further studies are thus needed to clarify how chronic consumption of UA with/without resistance/endurance training reverses cognition disorder process in old male Wistar rats with HFD/STZ-induced T2D.
Keywords: Aging; cognition disorders; diabetes mellitus type 2; endurance training; resistance trainin
The effectiveness of the care program is based on the comfort theory on the level of anxiety in children candidates for endoscopy referred to the endoscopy center of Hajar Shahrekord Hospital affiliated Shahrekord university of medical sciences
No full textBackground: Endoscopy is an invasive diagnosis and treatment procedure that can create anxiety in children. The use of nursing theories as a comprehensive nursing care model has a significant role in improving people's health. This study aims to examine the effects of the comfort-theory-based care model on the anxiety level of children undergoing endoscopy at the endoscopy center of Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran.Method: This clinical trial was conducted with on 56 children referred to the endoscopy center of Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, in 2022. Sampling was done by convenience method among eligible children, who were later divided into two intervention and control groups by random allocation method. The intervention group received a care program based on comfort theory two hours before the start of endoscopy. Data collection tools included a demographic information form and the modified Yale anxiety scale; and the statistical analysis were performed through SPSS-22 software, using independent t-test, paired t-test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact test at a significance level of p<0.05.Results: Mean score of anxiety before the intervention was 42.04 +/- 11.47 in the intervention and 44.03 +/- 8.86 in the control group, which showed no statistically significant difference (p=0.470). But after the intervention, the mean score of anxiety increased to 24.11.73 in the intervention group and 49.88 +/- 11.98 in the control group, which showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.009). Conclusion: According to the results, using a care program based on comfort theory was effective in reducing the anxiety of children undergoing endoscopy; so, this care model is recommended to be implemented for children undergoing invasive procedures
Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis and its aetiologies, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground Although meningitis is largely preventable, it still causes hundreds of thousands of deaths globally each year. WHO set ambitious goals to reduce meningitis cases by 2030, and assessing trends in the global meningitis burden can help track progress and identify gaps in achieving these goals. Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we aimed to assess incident cases and deaths due to acute infectious meningitis by aetiology and age from 1990 to 2019, for 204 countries and territories.
Methods We modelled meningitis mortality using vital registration, verbal autopsy, sample-based vital registration, and mortality surveillance data. Meningitis morbidity was modelled with a Bayesian compartmental model, using data from the published literature identified by a systematic review, as well as surveillance data, inpatient hospital admissions, health insurance claims, and cause-specific meningitis mortality estimates. For aetiology estimation, data from multiple causes of death, vital registration, hospital discharge, microbial laboratory, and literature studies were analysed by use of a network analysis model to estimate the proportion of meningitis deaths and cases attributable to the following aetiologies: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, viruses, and a residual other pathogen category.
Findings In 2019, there were an estimated 236 000 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 204 000-277 000) and 2.51 million (2.11-2.99) incident cases due to meningitis globally. The burden was greatest in children younger than 5 years, with 112 000 deaths (87 400-145 000) and 1.28 million incident cases (0.947-1.71) in 2019. Age-standardised mortality rates decreased from 7.5 (6.6-8.4) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 3.3 (2.8-3.9) per 100 000 population in 2019. The highest proportion of total all-age meningitis deaths in 2019 was attributable to S pneumoniae (18.1% [17.1-19.2]), followed by N meningitidis (13.6% [12.7-14.4]) and K pneumoniae (12.2% [10.2-14.3]). Between 1990 and 2019, H influenzae showed the largest reduction in the number of deaths among children younger than 5 years (76.5% [69.5-81.8]), followed by N meningitidis (72.3% [64.4-78.5]) and viruses (58.2% [47.1-67.3]).
Interpretation Substantial progress has been made in reducing meningitis mortality over the past three decades. However, more meningitis-related deaths might be prevented by quickly scaling up immunisation and expanding access to health services. Further reduction in the global meningitis burden should be possible through low-cost multivalent vaccines, increased access to accurate and rapid diagnostic assays, enhanced surveillance, and early treatmen
Isolation of Cells and Exosomes from Glioblastoma Tissue to Investigate the Effects of Ascorbic Acid on the c- Myc, HIF-1α, and Lnc-SNHG16 Genes
No full textGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is incurable with routine treatments. Ascorbic acid (Asc) has antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. However, its specific anti-cancer mechanisms are only partially understood. In this study, the effect of Asc on the c-Myc, HIF-1 alpha, and lnc-SNHG16 genes in GBM cells and their exosomes was investigated. Cells isolated from the tissue were characterized by the immunocytochemistry method (GFAP+). The cell-doubling time was determined, and FBSfree medium supplemented with Asc (5 mM) was added to the cells. The extracted exosomes in the cell culture medium were scanned by electron microscopy, Zetasizer, and BCA assay. The expression of lnc-SNHG16 in the exosomes and c-Myc and HIF-1 alpha in the treated and control cells was evaluated by real-time PCR. The interactions between Asc and the c-Myc and HIF-1 alpha proteins were studied using the molecular docking method. The cells showed 90-100% GFAP+ in passage 4, with a cell-doubling time of 4.8 days. Exosomal vesicles measuring 98.25-105.9 were observed. Zetasizer results showed a sharp pick at 90 nm. Protein quantitation showed 3.812 mu g/ml protein in the exosomes. Lnc-SNHG16 expression was reduced (P = 0.041), and c-Myc was upregulated ( P = 0.002). The expression of HIF-1 alpha was not significant in the treated cells. Also, Asc was able to interact and affect c-Myc and HIF-1 alpha. Asc exerts its effect by reducing lnc- SNHG16 expression in exosomes, upregulating c-Myc in GBM cells, and interacting with HIF-1a and c-Myc. Further research is necessary to achieve a full understanding of these findings
Neuroprotective Effects of Bromelain on the Common Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review
No full textIn recent years, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have increased around the world and current treatments only provide temporary relief of the symptoms. So, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects and possible mechanisms of bromelain on the main NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Multiple sclerosis (MS). In this systematic review, we followed the PRISMA checklist 2020 guidelines. Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for related articles published before August 1, 2023, using the combination of keywords that were derived based on MeSH terms and similar systematic review studies. The required information was extracted from the publications and recorded in Excel form, and the outcome and mechanisms were reviewed. Finally, 17 studies were selected for the investigation. Bromelain alleviates neuroinflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system. Bromelain also neutralizes free radicals and up-regulated levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and improves mitochondrial function in neural cells. So, by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, bromelain neutralizes apoptosis and neuronal damage. Moreover, the immune response in the CNS may be regulated by bromelain. apoptosis and neuronal damage. This proteolytic enzyme also reduced beta-amyloid aggregation in AD. In vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo studies revealed that bromelain shows promising neuroprotective effects on NDs by reducing inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress, regulating the immune system, and reducing neurotoxicity. However, more clinical trial studies are needed in this field
The Impact of Psychiatric Care Program on Empathy of Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses in Iran
No full textBackground: The main role of nurses is not only to inform about the disease and treatment of the patient but also to establish an effective therapeutic relationship to address concerns and provide empathy, comfort, and support. This issue is very prominent in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and doubles the importance of empathetic communication between nurses and parents and promoting empathy skills in nurses working in neonatal intensive care units. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a support program on the empathy of neonatal intensive care nurses across the Iran. Methods: This study was conducted in 2021 as a semi-experimental intervention in a group of 166 nurses working in the neonatal department all over Iran who met the inclusion criteria. Jefferson's empathy questionnaire was completed electronically by the participants before and after the online education program start. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (V 24.0). Results: The empathy score of nurses was 60.31 ± 5.76 before and 66.47 ±6.60 after the intervention. The empathy scores of nurses after the intervention increased statistically significantly. Conclusion: Nurses can communicate empathically with parents by training their verbal and nonverbal communication skills and gaining a common understanding of the feelings of parents of premature infants