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Epidemiological parameters of multiple sclerosis in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran
No full textBackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease with a high burden and disability. There are reports of various medications’ side effects on patients with MS. The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics and medicine usage distribution among patients with MS in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in Iran. Methods: This registry-based cross-sectional study was performed among MS cases in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The epidemiological data were collected from the nationwide MS registry of Iran (NMSRI) from 2019 to 2022. The information collected included age, sex, family history, type of MS, age at MS onset and diagnosis, MS symptoms, physical condition, and history of medication use. All tests were performed at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS software. Results: A total of 416 patients included in this study. Among them, 325 individuals (78%) were women with mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age of 37.35 ± 8.51 years. No significant difference was observed between men and women in terms of age, type of MS disease, family history of MS, and physical condition (P > 0.05). The results showed that the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score in female patients (1.41) was different from the EDSS score in male patients (1.77) (P < 0.05). Most of the patients often used interferon beta (IFN-β). Conclusion: The results provided new insight into the epidemiology and medicine patterns of patients with MS in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The epidemiological situation of MS in this province is similar to other parts of Iran. Planning according to national programs is suggested for the management and control of MS
Life Satisfaction among People in Reproductive Age: A Survey on Marvdasht City in 2016
No full textBackground: Life satisfaction is a comprehensive concept reflecting the general feeling of people about the society in which they live. Previous research has found that health status is associated with life satisfaction. Sexual intercourse is of physiological and psychological needs, which is closely associated with the wellbeing of any individual. In this study, we examined life satisfaction in Marvdasht, Fars province. Methods: This population-based survey was conducted in 2016 among Marvdasht urban and rural population aged 18-50 years. The participants were selected via cluster random sampling. A telephone survey was conducted to complete an interview-administered questionnaire. Significance level in this study was considered 0.05. All stages of data analysis was done in SPSS22 software. Results: A total of 3879 participants from urban and rural areas of Marvdasht were interviewed. There was a difference between urban and rural men in terms of sexual satisfaction (P=0.01) (7.90±2.01 vs. 8.15±1.89) and life satisfaction (P=0.011) (5.64±3.54 vs. 5.14±3.71). Satisfaction in both cases in men in urban areas was better than men in rural areas. Also, the average score of sexual satisfaction was higher in rural men compared with that in urban male residents (P=0.01). Regarding women, at error level of 0.05, there was a difference between urban and rural women in terms of sexual satisfaction (P<0.0001) (8.62±1.502 vs. 9.12±0.789) and life satisfaction (P<0.0001) (8.37±1.641vs. 9.13±0.669), so that satisfaction in both cases in women in rural areas was higher than men in urban areas. Conclusion: Life satisfaction had a close relationship to geographical areas of residence. However, this was for women living in rural areas than women living in urban areas in both cases
The relationship between exposure to cadmium and the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to cadmium and the incidence of prostate cancer through conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis method. Methods. The Studies that investigated the relationship between cadmium and prostate cancer were searched and retrieved from the international databases until May 2022. (x2) and (I2) statistical tests were used respectively to determine the presence and size of heterogeneity; Egger's and Bagg's tests were used to determine the existence of diffusion bias; and meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were used to identify the source of heterogeneity. All analyses were performed by Stata (Version 15) statistical software. Results. It was observed that the relative risk of prostate cancer occurrence compared to the base group, in people exposed/exposed to a dose higher than the base level was equal to 1.05(95% CI:0.94-1.17; P=0.372); Meanwhile, no statistically significant relationship was observed between exposure to cadmium or exposure levels exceeding the baseline and prostate cancer. According to the results of Egger's test (P = 0.989) and Begg's (P= 0.787), diffusion distortion was not observed in this study. Conclusion. Based on the available evidence, although exposure to cadmium leads to an increase in the risk of prostate cancer, this risk increase is not statistically significant. Practical Implications. The World Health Organization should think with a more serious approach to the relationship between environmental health and cancers
Economic and Social Standing of Individuals in Iran Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis
No full textBackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) may be affected by socioeconomic status (SES). This study aims to explore the determinants of SES among Iranian patients with MS and examine how these factors relate to disability and disease progression. Methods: All patients with MS listed in the nationwide MS registry of Iran (NMSRI) until January 8, 2022, were included in this population-based study. Results: Among the 5153 patients, most were female (74.5%), married (70.8%), and did not hold an academic degree (53.8%). Unemployment (OR: 3.75) and being unmarried (OR: 2.60) were significantly associated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≥ 6, and the time to progression was shorter in the unemployed group (P value: 0.03). There was also a significant negative correlation between the time to progression and the age at disease onset. Conclusion: The study suggests that providing financial and social support to MS patients and their families through investment could reduce both individual and societal burdens
Outpatient Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Registry in Iran: The First Rehabilitation Registry Experience at EMR
No full textINTRODUCTION: The collected information includes demographic profile, medical history, physical examination, patient risk factors, anthropometric evaluation, medications, echocardiographic results, and exercise testing of all patients who participated in the outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program in Cardiac Rehabilitation Department since 1996 until now. Each patient was assigned an electronic code by which the patient's information could be identified. Subsequently, standard questionnaires were used, such as International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess physical activity, MAC NEW to assess the quality of life, Spielberg to measure anxiety, Beck to assess depression, and nutritional questionnaires. RESULTS: The findings were recorded, and the data were analyzed by the web and SPSS software. For all patients, the forms were filled based on a number of variables including backgrounds, registration components, type of referral, diagnosis of underlying heart disease, methods of data collection and entry, details of the educational program, return to work, psychiatric condition, drug regimen, clinical condition, echocardiography findings, functional capacity and exercise test response, smoking status, nutritional habits, and finally their 5-year follow-up for events and re-hospitalization. CONCLUSION: It is necessary for the authors to establish a cardiac rehabilitation registration that can properly display care quality indicators and collect and report standard data from different nations to improve the quality of cardiac rehabilitation services and identify weaknesses
Effects of swimming exercise during p adolescence on learning and memory in adult rats: behavioral and electrophysiological approaches
No full textIntroduction: The positive impact of physical activity on age-related memory impairment is well documented. There is no clear report on the effects of pre-adolescent exercise on cognitive abilities in adulthood.Methods: Male Wistar rats (4-week-old) were randomized to a non-swimmer (control, n=20) and swimmer (n=20). The swimmer group trained for 30min a day, 6 days per week, 6 weeks. After the last day, behavior (through passive avoidance learning and radial maze) and electrophysiological techniques were evaluated in rats.Results: Swimming exercise led to a decrease in the number of trials in the passive avoidance test. In addition, swimming reduced the number of working memory and reference memory errors in the radial maze task. On the radial maze task, the two groups showed equal learning ability in finding the baited food arms by day 15. The results of the recall tests showed that the number of total memory errors and working memory errors was significantly lower in the swimmer group than in the non-swimmer group. Exercise also improved both Population spike (PS) amplitude and field-excited postsynaptic potential slope.Conclusion: These results revealed that swimming exercise could improve memory by increasing synaptic plasticity in rats
Autoimmune Encephalitis Due to COVID-19 in a Young Patient
No full textAutoimmune encephalitis is an inflammatory condition caused by different factors, including viral infections, diagnosed after ruling out other causes of encephalitis. The current study reported novel autoimmune encephalitis in an 11-year-old girl who presented with seizures, cognitive dysfunction, and neurological impairments. During the admission, the researchers observed high levels of anti-N-methylD-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Besides, she had positive anti-COVID-19IgG. Therefore, the diagnosis of COVID-19-induced autoimmune encephalitis was specific. The patient received anti-epileptic, anti-viral drugs, IVIG, and rituximab and was discharged with remission. The case diagnosis was made by anti-NMDAR antibodies, which highlights the importance of this diagnostic tool. Similar cases have been reported earlier, but the point of this case was her younger age compared to the previous cases and her developing neurological deficit before COVID-19 presentations
Neurological manifestation in COVID-19 disease with neuroimaging studies
No full textObjective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain or spine examines the findings as well as the time interval between the onset of symptoms and other adverse effects in coronavirus disease that first appeared in 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The goal of this study is to look at studies that use neuroimaging to look at neurological and neuroradiological symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: We try to put together all of the research on how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes neurological symptoms and cognitive-behavioral changes and give a full picture.
Results: We have categorized neuroimaging findings into subtitles such as: headache and dizziness; cerebrovascular complications after stroke; Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH); Cerebral Microbleeds (CMBs); encephalopathy; meningitis; encephalitis and myelitis; altered mental status (AMS) and delirium; seizure; neuropsychiatric symptoms; Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) and its variants; smell and taste disorders; peripheral neuropathy; Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI); and myopathy and myositis.
Conclusion: In this review study, we talked about some MRI findings that show how COVID-19 affects the nervous system based on what we found.
Keywords: COVID-19; cognitive-behavioral disorders; magnetic resonance imaging; neurological symptoms; neuropsychological symptoms
Repeated electroporation enhances the responsiveness to cisplatin-based intra-tumoral chemotherapy in murine breast cancer: revival of the electro-chemotherapy concept
No full textBackground and aims: Electroporation demonstrated certain modulable actions on tumoral cell membrane permeability to increase the intracellular bioavailability of chemotherapeutic drugs. The current in vivo study aimed to investigate the synergic effect of concomitant electroporation application to the intratumoral administration of cisplatin on murine invasive ductal adenocarcinoma breast cancer.
Methods: The fragments of the extracted tumor were implanted subcutaneously in healthy female Balb/C mice. Having reached the determined tumoral volume, the mice were randomly divided into five groups, including control, intratumoral cisplatin injection, tumoral electroporation application, electrochemotherapy (ECT), and double course ECT. The normalized tumoral volume and the inhibition ratios were calculated during a 30-day follow-up period. The data were tested by ANONA, and a statistically significant level was set at P<0.05.
Results: The inhibition ratio was significantly different between the intra-tumoral cisplatin administration and tumoral electroporation application groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). ECT displayed superior results in comparison to the two later groups (P<0.05). The double-course ECT group even represented a significant difference compared to the ECT group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Concomitant ECT to the cisplatin intratumoral administration indicated contributive anti-tumoral impacts in an in vivo murine model of invasive ductal adenocarcinoma breast cancer. ECT promises further applications to overcome the occurrence of therapeutic resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs.
Keywords: Electroporation, Electrochemotherapy, Cisplatin, Ductal carcinom
