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Iranian Hydatid Disease Registry: Establishment and Implementation of a Neglected Tropical Disease Registry
No full textBackground: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatid disease is a global public health concern which imposes considerable economic costs on the communities in endemic regions. CE surveillance data are not adequately reliable. The present study reports the development and outcomes of a CE registry in Iran. Methods: Hydatid Registry (HydatidReg) was initially established as a single-center registry in 2014 after the ethical approval of KMU. Following a call from MoHME to promote registry of different diseases and health outcomes, a call for participation was announced and all the Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences were requested to contribute to the registry. Subsequently, a nation-wide registry of hydatid disease was established in 2016. With a global perspective, HydatidReg joined the European Register of Cystic Echinococcosis (ERCE). A data collection form based on minimum dataset was designed and standard operating procedures (SOPs) were prepared to ensure standardized patient enrolment in the registry. A biobank system with two-dimensional barcoding was established along with HydatidReg for management and organization of biological specimens. Results: As of March 2021, a total of 690 patients were enrolled in the registry. HydatidReg registered 362 (17.3%) out of the total 2097 patients enrolled in ERCE. Quality control (QC) of the data demonstrated 91.2% completeness and 80% timeliness. In the biobank, 322 biological specimens from 184 CE patients have been deposited including 70 blood, 96 sera and 156 parasite materials. Conclusion: High-quality data in the HydatidReg registry provided opportunities for health professionals to improve quality of care and organize meaningful research
Cardioprotective Effect Of Dichloromethane Valerian (Valeriana Officinalis) Extract On Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Cardiac Injuries In Rats
No full textBackground. Valepotriate is an active ingredient of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) with strong antioxidant activity that is effective for numerous cardiovascular diseases. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an active ingredient of V. officinalis extract on ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiac injuries in male rats. Methods. Thirty-two male rats were subjected to ischemia for 40 minutes and reperfusion for five days. The rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 each; group 1 (control) was given normal saline, and groups 2-4 were gavaged with 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 mg/kg of valepotriate extract, respectively, and received extract (0.2 mg/kg ip) two weeks before ischemia induction. Results. Dichloromethane V. officinalis (valepotriate) extract exerted a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injuries. So that infarct size and number of ventricular arrhythmia and ventricular escape beats decreased compared to the control group. Moreover, ST segment amplitude, QTC interval, and heart rate decreased in the injured hearts and serum levels of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase increased. Biochemical markers malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase also decreased on day 5 after the onset of reperfusion. Conclusion. V. officinalis extract may have a protective effect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion by producing antioxidant effects
The Effect of Family-Centered Intervention via SMS on Life Expectancy and Self-Efficacy in Medication Regimen Compliance in Patients With Acute MI: A Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textBACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening condition affecting an individual's physical and social circumstances. Life expectancy and self-efficacy are required to determine the risk of cardiac complications associated with this disease. This study examined the effect of family-centered intervention via short message service (SMS) on patients with acute MI's life expectancy and self-efficacy in medication regimens. METHODS: This study was a randomized, single-blind clinical trial. In 2018, 80 patients hospitalized with acute MI at educational centers affiliated with Shahrekord University were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. Routine intervention was performed in the control group. The experimental group was sent four educational text messages weekly for three months. Both groups' life expectancy and belief in their ability to adhere to their prescribed medication regimen were evaluated before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t, paired t, and chi-square tests via SPSS software. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean difference score of total life expectancy change was significantly different between the experimental (12.23± 10.48) and the control group (0.06±7.16) (p < 0.001). The mean difference score of self-efficacy in the experimental group (21.94±12.76) was significantly higher than that in the control group (4.66±9.49) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute MI, using a text message intervention improved life expectancy and self-efficacy regarding medication regimens. Therefore, this intervention can be used as a low-cost and readily accessible tool to improve these patients' self-efficacy and life expectancy
Estimating the Survival Rate in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients who Received a Peptide Vaccine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textIntroduction: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) has a poor prognosis, with current treatments providing no advantage in terms of survival. Certain new immunotherapy methods, such as peptide vaccines, have been used in clinical trials. In this meta-analysis, the effectiveness of peptide vaccinations on the survival rate of GBM patients was studied. Methods: A comprehensive search was carried out using three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and ISI. The purpose of this research was to assess Overall Survival (OS). The pooled overall one-year and two-year survival rates in GBM with peptide vaccination were calculated using the general inverse variance technique as random effects hazard ratios (HRs). In the study, subgroups of countries were compared with each other. Japan had the highest one-year survival rate, and the US had the highest two-year survival rate. Results: With 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), the one-year OS rate in GBM patients treated with peptide vaccination increased significantly, but the two-year survival rate did not increase. As a result, while additional research is needed, it cannot be concluded that it is an effective therapy for GBM. Conclusion: Our study found that while peptide vaccination treatment did not increase second-year survival, it improved first-year survival. More research needs to be done to find effective vaccinebased treatments for GBM that can help patients survive longer.
Author keywords
cancerous gene; glioblastoma multiforme; meta-analysis; MHC-II-restricted peptides; Peptide vaccines; surviva
Investigation of Phosalone Residues in the Early and Late Varieties of Peach Products of Orchards Saman City, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in 2019
No full textBackground: Nowadays, increasing the use of pesticides to manage the agriculture production resulted in increased pesticide residues in final products and concerns about environmental pollution and prevalence of emerging diseases. This study aims to investigate the residual amount of Phosalone toxin in the early and late varieties of peach orchards in Saman city located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: In this study, 60 samples of early and late peach varieties of peach orchards were selected randomly. Phosalone residues in early and late peach varieties before and after washing, and after peeling were extracted by QUECHERS method and the amount of extracted toxin were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The data were analyzed using SPSS v.24 software. Results: Phosalone residues in early peach varieties before and after washing were 3.55 ± 0.94 and 0.31 ± 0.29 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of Phosalone residues in unwashed early and late peach varieties before washing was 3.17 ± 0.97 mg/kg but decreased to 0.64 ±0.74 mg /kg after washing. Peeling reduced 97.79% of the Phosalone residues in late peach. Early and late peaches covered by the plant pathology clinic and unwashed late peaches not covered by plant pathology clinic were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the Iranian national standard (2 mg/kg). Conclusion: Washing and peeling the peach significantly decreased the toxin residues. In order to minimize the risk of exposure to Phosalone residues, integrated pest control management programs are essential
Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity in the Iranian patients with the skin inflammatory disorder of rosacea
No full textBackground: Rosacea is a skin chronic inflammation with an unknown cause and cure. Environmental and genetic factors could not entirely explain the disease pathogenesis. Recently, infections like Chlamydia pneumoniae are of more attention in the rosacea progression. This study investigated the relationship between the C. pneumoniae seropositivity and the rosacea disorder.
Materials and Methods: We aimed at a cohort of 100 patients with the rosacea disorder (60 active and 40 inactive) and from 100 sex- and age-matched healthy controls in Isfahan and determined the immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG antibodies titers to C. pneumoniae in the serum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The groups were compared using the analysis of variance procedure at the significant level of P < 0.05, statistically.
Results: The mean of IgG in the controls was significantly higher than the levels in both the active and the inactive rosacea patients (p < 0.022). Also, the titer of serum IgM to C. pneumoniae in the controls was different, compared with the active (p < 0.019) and the inactive (p < 0.02) rosacea patients. In addition, the median titer of serum IgG (not IgM) to C. pneumoniae in the females with the inactive rosacea disorder was lower than the active rosacea disorder (p < 0.019) and controls women (p < 0.008). Furthermore, the serum level of IgG or IgM to C. pneumoniae in the controls males was higher than the males with the rosacea disorder (p < 0.05) and (p < 0.02), alternatively.
Conclusion: C. pneumoniae seropositivity in the rosacea patients and controls was insignificant
Diagnostic value of the optic nerve sheath in the diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure in traumatic brain patients
No full textBackground: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a modifiable secondary injury that is associated with poor outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the ICP of TBI patients by measuring the thickness of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD).
Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 patients with severe TBI that referred to Khatam-al-Anbya Hospital in Zahedan in 2021. The measurement of ONSD was performed by ultrasonography.
Results: The results of this study revealed that 22.7% of TBI patients had high ICP. The mean of right and left ONSD in patients with normal ICP was 3.85 +/- 0.83 and 3.85 +/- 0.82 mm, respectively, and was significantly lower than that of patients with abnormal ICP (high ICP) with the mean of 3.85 +/- 0.82 and 6.12 +/- 0.84 mm, respectively (P value <.001). In addition, the right ONSD with the cutoff point of 5.13 mm, the sensitivity of 84%, and the specificity of 95.29% and the left ONSD with the cutoff point of 5.24 mm, the sensitivity of 90%, and the specificity of 95.88% had a significant diagnostic value in the diagnosis of high ICP (P value <.05).
Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that the measurement of ONSD is a cost-effective and minimally invasive procedure with a higher accuracy in diagnosing high ICP in TBI patients
Arterial Versus Venous Blood Gas Analysis Comparisons, Appropriateness, and Alternatives in Different Acid/Base Clinical Settings: A Systematic Review
No full textArterial blood gases (ABGs) are routinely done in critical clinical settings to ascertain acid-base status. Due to difficulties and the potential side effects following arterial blood sampling, much research has been done to find the possibility of using venous samples as an alternative. However, this comparison needs to be evaluated in various contexts. Hence, this systematic review aims to explore the differences, appropriateness, and alternatives of arterial versus venous blood gas (VBG) analysis in different acid-base states. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through electronic databases using the terms "ABG," "VBG," "Arterial Blood Gas," "Venous Blood Gas," and "Gas analysis." Studies' qualities were assessed by using Newcastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Of 531 articles, 22 were included in the study after title, abstract, and full-text screening. Based on the Newcastle - Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, 23% of the studies had good quality (score & GE; 7), 77% fair quality (score 2-6), and none of the studies had poor quality (score & LE; 1). Moreover, 22.5% of the included articles found a strong correlation between ABG and VBG. 73% compared arterial and VBG parameters among patients with any clinical contexts, 22.5% in respiratory diseases, and 4.5% in metabolic conditions, and their results had a significant disparity. There was a considerable discrepancy among authors about the appropriateness and utilization of VBG as an alternative to ABG. Our findings suggest that those studies did not consider physiological differences between venous and arterial blood values and obviated the significance of sampling procedures
Strategies against domestic violence and its consequences amongst Iranian women: A review study
No full textBackground and aims: Domestic violence against women is a problem that might cause irreparable damage to women’s health. This study aims to review the studies on the strategies regarding domestic violence against women in Iran.
Methods: This study is a narrative review of published articles on strategies to prevent domestic violence against women in Iran from 2009 to 2019. Two scholars on valid databases searched. Articles were selected based on the time and setting of studies, purpose, and research structure framework. The full text of the articles and the publication language were included in the study. The quality of the articles was assessed using the “checklist of original research articles,” which comprises five sections; the structure of the abstract, the title and introduction, the review method, the results, the conclusion, and the keywords. The general opinion of the reviewer was also taken into consideration.
Results: 13 eligible articles were reviewed, including 11 in Persian and 2 in English. The finding of the reviews indicated the interventions implemented to reduce and prevent domestic violence against women in Iran. These interventions focused on life skills in three categories (a) Communication and Interpersonal Skills (such as resilience based on spirituality, mindfulness techniques, motivational interview, and emotionally focused couple therapy), (b) decision-making and critical thinking skills, including problem-solving, decision-making, narrative exposure therapy, and conflict resolution related to domestic violence against women), and (c) coping and self-management skills (such as anger management, marital adjustment, and self-defense).
Conclusion: The effective implementation of life skills can serve as practical methods to prevent domestic violence against women.
Keywords: Domestic violence, Women, Ira
Novel adjuvant nano-vaccine induced immune response against Acinetobacter baumannii
No full textDeveloping adjuvant vaccines to combat rising multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections is a promising and cost-effective approach. The aim of this analysis was to construct a pDNA-CPG C274-adjuvant nano-vaccine and investigate its immunogenicity and protection in BALB/c mice. The CPG ODN C274 adjuvant was chemically synthesized and cloned into pcDNA3.1(+), and the cloning was verified using PCR and BamHI/EcoRV restriction enzyme digestion. Then, utilizing a complex coacervation approach, pDNA-CPG C274 was encapsulated by chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs). TEM and DLS are used to explore the properties of the pDNA/CSNP complex. TLR-9 pathway activation was investigated in human HEK-293 and RAW 264.7 mouse cells. The vaccine's immunogenicity and immune-protective effectiveness were investigated in BALB/c mice. The pDNA-CPG C274/CSNPs were small (mean size 79.21 ± 0.23 nm), positively charged (+ 38.87 mV), and appeared to be spherical. A continuous slow release pattern was achieved. TLR-9 activation was greatest in the mouse model with CpG ODN (C274) at concentrations of 5 and 10 μg/ml with 56% and 55%, respectively (**P < 0.01). However, in HEK-293 human cells, by increasing the concentration of CpG ODN (C274) from 1 to 50 μg/ml, the activation rate of TLR-9 also increased, so that the highest activation rate (81%) was obtained at the concentration of 50 μg/ml (***P < 0.001). pDNA-CPG C274/CSNPs immunized BALB/c mice produced increased amounts of total-IgG, as well as IFN-γ and IL-1B in serum samples, compared to non-encapsulated pDNA-CPG C274. Furthermore, liver and lung injuries, as well as bacterial loads in the liver, lung, and blood, were reduced, and BALB/c mice immunized with pDNA-CPG C274/CSNPs showed potent protection (50–75%) against acute fatal Intraperitoneal A. baumannii challenge. pDNA-CPG C274/CSNPs evoked total-IgG antibodies, Th1 cellular immunity, and the TLR-9 pathway, as well as protection against an acute fatal A. baumannii challenge. Our findings suggest that this nano-vaccine is a promising approach for avoiding A. baumannii infection when used as a powerful adjuvan