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Protective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Origanum Vulgare against Paraquat-induced Lung Toxicity in Rats: The Role of the Inflammation-related Markers and Oxidative Stress
No full textBackground: The pesticide paraquat is hazardous to both humans and animals. Lung damage is a common complication of paraquat poisoning. Objective: This research analyzes the preventive properties of Origanum vulgare leaf extract against paraquat-induced acute pulmonary toxicity and oxidative stress. Methods: In this experiment, the rats were assigned to five distinct groups. Group 1 served as the control, group 2 got only 25 mg/kg bw paraquat, and groups 3, 4, and 5 received paraquat and Origa-num vulgare leaf extract at dosages of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg bw, respectively. In rats, inflamma-tion-related indicators and oxidative stress were analyzed after therapy. Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of the serum PC, MDA, and inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β remarkably rose (p < 0.05) and the pulmonary contents of the SOD, CAT, and vitamin C greatly decreased (p < 0.05) in the paraquat-only group. Origanum vulgare leaf extract administration after paraquat exposure resulted in a substantial increase in lung SOD, CAT, and vitamin C levels as well as a significant reduction in MDA, PC, and lung inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) gene expression relative to the paraquat-only group. Conclusion: Origanum vulgare leaf extract might be supplied to lessen the toxicity of paraquat, based on the findings of this research, which indicated that Origanum vulgare leaf extract has antiox-idant-enhancing properties and can improve the antioxidant defense system
A fatal case of fulminant myocarditis after influenza infection with a rapidly progressive course: A case report
No full textMyocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The most common cause of myocarditis is viral infections. clinical presentation of acute myocarditis is highly variable and varies from asymptomatic to fulminant heart failure or sudden death. Fulminant myocarditis is a severe form of myocarditis characterized by heart failure, arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, and sudden cardiac arrest. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential for improved survival. We present a case of a 34-year-old woman who presented with viral symptoms for two days and then died suddenly
Oral microbiota and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of their relation and carcinogenic mechanisms
No full textOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer worldwide. Emerging research suggests a strong association between OSCC and the oral microbiota, a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. Pathogenic bacteria, in particular Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have been closely linked to OSCC. Moreover, certain oral fungi, such as Candida albicans, and viruses, like the human papillomavirus, have also been implicated in OSCC. Despite these findings, the precise mechanisms through which the oral microbiota influences OSCC development remain unclear and necessitate further research. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the oral microbiota and its relationship with OSCC and discusses potential carcinogenic pathways that the oral microbiota may activate or modulate are also discussed
Impact of gut microbiota in immunoglobulin A nephropathy; a letter to the editor to the recent findings
No full textIn vitro Culture and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis Trophozoites Obtained from Human Fecal Samples in Southwest of Iran
No full textIntroduction: The enteric protozoa, Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis), consists of eight distinct assemblages (A-H) with identical morphological characteristics and a direct life cycle. Successful axenic cultivation of this parasite is an important preliminary step for biological, drug resistance and phylogenetic studies. Moreover, G. duodenalis exhibits great genetic and biotypic diversity. Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate in vitro culture and multilocus genotyping of G. duodenalis trophozoites obtained from human fecal samples in southwest Iran. Methods: Thirty human fecal specimens containing G. duodenalis cysts were collected from Ahvaz city (southwest of Iran). The purification of cysts was carried out by the sucrose flotation technique. The cysts were inoculated in a modified TYI-S-33 medium and was daily monitored for the development and viability of trophozoites. After extracting DNA, gdh, bg and tpi genes were evaluated using molecular techniques (the semi-nested PCR for gdh gene and the nested PCR for tpi and bg genes). Eventually, the amplified fragments were sequenced and then, the phylogenetic tree was drawn. Results: Of 30, the trophozoites were encysted from five samples. All three genes were detected in two cases of five samples using molecular techniques. The multilocus phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all the two samples belonged to assemblage A and sub-assemblage AІІ. Conclusion: Our findings indicated the presence of different numbers of trophozoites with variable development and survival rates in modified TYI-S-33 medium. Furthermore, the multilocus genotyping showed that these trophozoites belonged to assemblage A and sub-assemblage AІ
The Association of Salivary Cortisol Levels With Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Male Relapsing‐Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Case‐Control Study
No full textBackground: Dysfunctions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can trigger multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms. Mood disorders comorbid with MS are implicated in the HPA axis activation in most people with MS (pwMS). This study purposed to examine salivary cortisol (SC) levels and their association with mood disorders in pwMS. Methods: Forty-three men as pwMS and sixteen men as healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. pwMS and HC completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires. SC levels were also measured in pwMS and HC. A linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and mood disorders and SC levels. Pearson's or Spearman's tests examined the correlation between SC levels and mood disorders. Results: The SC level, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and stress were significantly higher in pwMS than in HC (p0.05). Conclusions: The pwMS showed mild to moderate depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Only general health and physical functioning as aspects of quality of life were related to disease duration, while SC levels, mood disorders, and other quality-of-life domains were not associated with clinical characteristics. Also, this study failed to find a significant role for SC as a valuable marker in approaching mood disorders in pwMS
Unveiling the mucilage complexity in a multispecies exploration of the genus Alcea from Iran
No full textEight field-grown Alcea species (A. koelzii, A. kurdica, A. lavateriflora, A. rechingeri, A. remotiflora, A. rufescenc, A. schiraziana and A. tehranica) were analyzed for their mucilage content to identify the species with the highest yield. The mucilage was extracted with boiling water, precipitated by methanol, and subjected to acid hydrolysis by trifluoroacetic acid. Although mucilage content varied across Alcea species, root yields generally exceeded flower yields, with A. rechingeri roots reaching up to 26.43 %. HPLC analysis showed glucose as the dominant monosaccharide in root mucilage across all species. Rhamnose and fructose content, however, exhibited variations among the species. Field emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed layered or fibrous structures, while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis confirmed a polysaccharide-based composition for flower and root mucilage. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis detected calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, with higher concentrations in flower mucilage. X-Ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of both amorphous and semi-crystalline regions within the mucilage samples, with crystalline phases identified as calcium oxalate hydrate, alpha-cyclodextrin, and glutamic acid. In conclusion, A. koelzii flowers and A. rechingeri roots yielded the highest mucilage content, suggesting Alcea as a promising source of polysaccharides with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries
Functional and Nonfunctional Requirements of Virtual Clinic Mobile Applications: A Systematic Review
No full textIntroduction: The Virtual Clinic Mobile Application (VCMA) is a valuable tool for managing and remotely monitoring patients with various medical conditions. It can alleviate the strain on outpatient services and offer follow-up options for patients who do not require a physical examination. A thorough understanding of recent literature can assist in identifying suitable functionalities for new development and future improvement of current applications (apps). This review study is aimed at identifying functional and nonfunctional requirements for VCMA.Methods: This study conducted a systematic search using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, ProQuest, and IEEE to gather requirements of VCMA articles published in English from the inception of the databases up to April 2022. Out of a total of 1223 articles, 76 met the inclusion criteria. These articles were then analyzed using conventional content analysis to extract and categorize their requirements.Results: Two main themes and 8 subthemes in terms of VCMA requirements were extracted as follows: (1) functional requirements with 3 subthemes (demographic data documentation, health record, general features of the user interface (UI)); (2) nonfunctional requirements with 5 subthemes (usability, accessibility, compatibility, efficiency, and security).Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of mHealth solutions for virtual care and the need for the development of apps based on the extracted functional and nonfunctional requirements for VCMA; however, controlled trials are necessary. It is recommended that transparent reporting of mHealth interventions be prioritized to enable effective interpretation of the extracted data
Primary pancreatic peripheral T‐cell lymphoma‐not otherwise specified mimicking acute pancreatitis: A case report and review of literature
No full textPrimary pancreatic lymphoma is a rare disease that can mimic acute pancreatitis. Since the prognosis and approaches differ, clinicians should differentiate it from other pancreatic diseases, especially autoimmune pancreatitis and adenocarcinoma.
The present case is a 35-year-old female with PTCL-NOS mimicking acute pancreatitis. With recent history of pancreatitis, she admitted with intermittent epigastric and left-upper-quadrant abdominal pain and jaundice. The radiological evaluation revealed a pancreatic head, neck, and body mass, and following operative biopsy, the tumor was diagnosed. The patient did not show any progression after six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy and revealed uncommon CNS involvement in the follow-up.imag
The effect of crocin-selenium nanoparticles on the cognition and oxidative stress markers of multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized triple-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial
No full textThe prevalence of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is estimated to be approximately 40–60%. There is an increasing body of evidence regarding the impact of both selenium and crocin as antioxidant agents on cognitive function. In the present study, for the first time, we investigated the effect of crocin-selenium nanoparticles (Cor@SeNs) on cognitive function and oxidative stress markers in MS patients. A triple-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted among 60 MS patients. The participants were randomly divided in a 1:1 ratio to either the Cor@SeNs or placebo group, employing block randomization. During the course of 12 weeks, the participants received Cor@SeNs capsules, containing 5.74 mg crocin and 55 mcg Selenium, or placebo capsules. Cognition assessed using the Persian version of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) battery. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione reductase (GR) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) determined by colorimetric kits. Data analysis was performed in SPSS, version 26. P < 0.05 was considered as the significant range. The mean ± SD of TAC change was 0.03 ± 0.07 mM vs. − 0.03 ± 0.09 mM in intervention and placebo groups, respectively (Time × group effect P: 0.01; effect size: 0.10). The time effect of intervention on the California Verbal Learning Test second edition (CVLT-II) (P < 0.01; effect size: 0.29), CVLT-II-delay (P < 0.01; effect size: 0.29), and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (P < 0.01; effect size: 0.18) was increasing and significant. In addition, the time effect of intervention on GR activity was significant and decreasing in both groups (P < 0.01; effect size: 0.20). Our results suggested a significant effect of the Cor@SeNs intervention in improving TAC. We also observed a significant improvement in cognitive function in both groups during our study. However, although not statistically significant, a higher amount of change in cognitive function and serum antioxidant markers was noted in the Cor@SeNs group compared to the placebo group. This is the first study on this nano product with low dose of selenium and crocin. More investigations with longer duration and varied doses are suggested